California
Underage YouTube Stars Could Get Labor Protections in California
California legislators are proposing to extend financial protections to minors earning money as influencers on social media, in an update to the state’s longstanding law on child actors.
The rise of “kidfluencers,” who are gaining substantial and sometimes lucrative followings on websites like YouTube, has prompted growing concerns that minors who are emerging as celebrities in this new corner of the entertainment industry are vulnerable to financial exploitation.
The push comes after Illinois lawmakers approved the nation’s first financial protections for child influencers last year and as legislatures in several states consider similar measures.
The California Senate could vote as early as Thursday on a bill (S.B. 764) that would require parents producing and earning money off of videos or photos featuring their children to set aside revenue in a trust for the minors. A similar bill is advancing through the state Assembly.
Both pieces of legislation build on California’s first laws protecting child actors working in early Hollywood during the 1930s.
Ed Howard, senior counsel for the Children’s Advocacy Institute at the University of San Diego, argued the legislation takes old, uncontroversial principles from California law and applies them to the digital world.
“I think it’s important the state where this problem was first acknowledged and addressed in the context of films and television likewise be a leader nationally in extending the same kinds of protections to children who are being exploited for money by their parents online,” he said.
$15,000 Threshold
The measure builds in part on what is known as the state’s Coogan Act, a law enacted during the late 1930s at the urging of Jackie Coogan, Charlie Chaplin’s costar in several films. Though a major celebrity at the time, Coogan received little of the money he earned and California became the first state to enact a law protecting the financial interests of child actors.
The bill would specifically cover anyone in the state earning more than $15,000 in a year from photos or videos that included children at least 30% of the time in a one-month period. That would be measured by the amount of time a child is featured in the content.
“We’re not talking about folks who are posting pictures of their new grandchildren for their family and friends,” said state Sen. Steve Padilla (D), the bill’s author.
Anyone creating content that meets this threshold would then have to set aside the minor’s share of the earnings in trust for the child and abide by specific record-keeping requirements.
A child deprived of their share of earnings could sue under the legislation.
But the measure would not give the social media companies that pay influencers the responsibility for enforcing the bill or apportioning earnings. Instead, that responsibility would fall to parents and guardians.
Padilla said in an interview that he is open to considering if social media platforms should play a larger role in the issue.
“It’s an area to be discussed and explored,” he said.
New Illinois Law
The pending bill is very similar to a new Illinois law (S.B. 1782), the first in the nation to address financial protections for child influencers.
Lawmakers on a bipartisan basis also are considering similar legislation in other states, with bills with nearly identical provisions are pending in the Washington, Missouri and Arizona legislatures.
Padilla’s bill has moved quickly, though, winning approval from two key committees this month and gaining two co-sponsors. The measure has not drawn any public opposition.
A similar bill (A.B. 1880) introduced by Assemblymember Juan Alanis (R) on Monday does not contain any of the specific monetary thresholds included in the Senate bill. Instead, it simply would add children working as paid online influencers to the state’s existing law protecting child actors, musicians, athletes and other artists—potentially covering a broader group of minors.
California
Here’s where and when it’s expected to rain in Southern California this week
More rain could be in store for Los Angeles this week.
Skies will be partly cloudy Tuesday, with temperatures warming to the low to mid-70s, said Ryan Kittell, meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Oxnard.
But by Wednesday night, most parts of Los Angeles have a roughly 20% to 30% chance of getting a measurable amount of rain, he said. There’s also a slight chance of showers over the eastern San Gabriel Mountains on Thursday morning and afternoon, according to the forecast.
Winds are expected to pick up late Wednesday into Thursday, especially in mountain and desert areas, with gusts in the 25- to 35-mph range, Kittell said.
No impacts are expected as far as flooding or downed trees, he said.
Many areas will probably remain dry, and those that do receive rain will see less than a quarter of an inch, Kittell said. The chance of rain increases farther south, in Orange and San Diego counties, he said.
Forecasters are then predicting a warming trend, with high temperatures in most places expected to be in the mid-70s to upper 80s on Friday and Saturday.
There’s an additional chance of very light rain early next week, probably on Monday, Kittell said.
These storms may represent the last gasp of Southern California’s rainy season, which typically ends in April. So far, downtown L.A. has received roughly 18.98 inches of rain since Oct. 1, the start of the water year. That’s more than the 13.65 inches that is normal at this point in the year.
Still, California is enduring its second-worst snow drought in 50 years, which experts say is a sign of how rising temperatures from climate change are worsening the West’s long-term water supply problems.
California
Cases of student press censorship attempts on the rise in California schools
Credit: Marcus Queiroga Silva / Pexels
Student journalists at the Redwood Bark at Redwood High School in Marin County aren’t alone in facing recent attempts to control student journalism.
Despite protections in a 1977 landmark state law, the Student Free Expression Act, which prohibits administrators from interfering with the gathering and publication of news, student reporters and their journalism advisers have encountered censorship attempts in recent years, including efforts to punish advisers for students’ stories and to remove content. In one case, a principal told them that their job was to paint the high school in a good light.
Examples include:
San Francisco Unified School District
A Superior Court judge in January ordered the district to reinstate the journalism adviser at Lowell High School, Eric Gustafson, to his job after he was removed last year. San Francisco Unified School District officials argued they transferred Gustafson because they wanted someone in his post with more experience and more education.
Gustafson claimed it was because of his students’ aggressive reporting and stories on topics such as student drug use and teachers’ use of AI in grading, and because he refused to let school officials see stories before they were published, court records show.
Judge Christine Van Aken called the district’s claims “not credible.” The court concluded that the “motivation for the district’s reassignment decision was to impact the editorial content of The Lowell in a way that they could not accomplish directly,” she wrote in her decision.
Mountain View Los Altos High School District
In Silicon Valley, a trial is scheduled for November over a lawsuit brought in 2024 by a journalism adviser and former students against the Mountain View Los Altos High School District. It alleges a principal, Kip Glazer, “improperly pressured and intimidated” student reporters working on a story about student-on-student sexual harassment.
Glazer sought to “avoid embarrassment rather than uphold the constitutional and statutory right of her students and faculty,” the suit charges. Glazer allegedly told student journalists on Mountain View High School’s Oracle newspaper staff that their purpose was to be “uplifting” for the school and to portray it “in a positive light,” records show.
“The power dynamic was pretty clear,” one of the students’ lawyers, Jordyn Ostroff, told EdSource. “I think anyone would understand that a student, generally speaking, would probably feel obligated to do what a principal is demanding they do.”
The suit also alleges that Glazer illegally removed Oracle’s adviser, Carla Gomez, from her post, replacing her with the school’s drama teacher. Gomez is suing to get her job back.
The former students are seeking an order from a judge that would “prevent future censorship of the paper. They also want to ensure journalism is still taught at Mountain View High, where the district has cut an introduction to journalism class.
The lawyer defending the district, Eric Bengston, declined to comment.
Sacramento City Unified School District
In 2024, the district placed Samantha Archuleta, the journalism adviser to The Prospector newspaper at C.K. McClatchy High School, named for the long-time editor of the Sacramento Bee, on administrative leave after a reporter quoted a fellow student saying that Adolph “Hitler had some good ideas.”
The comment was reportedly made in a government class and printed in a column entitled “What did you say?” about remarks overheard at school.
Student journalists at The Prospector — where the writer Joan Didion was once on staff — wrote on Instagram that the quote had not reflected their beliefs but “was included to spark a conversation on how students here choose to use their words.”
In a June 2024 guest piece in The Sacramento Bee, Archuleta wrote that “students have rights that give them the first and last say in what is written, how it is edited and what gets published without prior restraint, censorship or punishment from me or any other adult so long as it is protected speech.”
Numerous free press and student press groups pushed for her reinstatement. However, she left her position at McClatchy High.
Los Angeles Unified School District
In 2021, Los Angeles Unified brought a disciplinary case against Adriana Chavira, the journalism adviser at Daniel Pearl Magnet High School, after she refused to censor students reporting on the Covid-19 pandemic’s effect on the school. The school is named for the late Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl, who was murdered by jihadist militants in Pakistan in 2002.
The school newspaper, The Pearl Post, had reported that the school librarian had refused to receive the Covid vaccine, and the library had been closed as a result. The librarian, citing privacy, demanded that The Post remove her name from a story published online. Student journalists refused. The school principal gave Chavira a day to remove the name. It stayed up. The district then suspended her.
In an essay published on the website of her union, the United Teachers Los Angeles, Chavira wrote: “Removing the information would mean that I was censoring my journalism students. And that is something I would never do since that goes against everything I’ve taught my student journalists.”
The disciplinary case was withdrawn in 2022. Chavira continues to advise the Pearl Post, and is on the board of the Student Press Law Center.
California
California measure requiring photo ID at polls will be on November ballot
California voters will decide in November whether to require photo identification to cast a ballot, making California the latest battleground in a long-running effort by conservatives to push voter ID laws that have been bolstered in recent years by Donald Trump’s repeated and unfounded accusations of widespread voter fraud.
Nearly 1 million Californians signed on to support the ballot measure championed by Carl DeMaio, a Republican state representative from San Diego.
“Voters will be able to restore election integrity in our state, citizenship verification, auditing voter rolls – and yes, requiring ID to vote,” DeMaio said in a video statement posted to X.
Democrats have historically opposed voter ID laws, viewing them as unnecessary obstacles to casting a ballot that are likely to disproportionately affect voters who are low-income and people of color.
If the ballot measure passes, California voters would be required to present a photo identification when voting at a polling place, or submit a four-digit pin when sending a mail-in ballot.
Efforts to impose voter ID in solidly blue California have failed in the past. A poll released last month by the Institute of Governmental Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, however, found voters deadlocked on the issue, with 44% supporting it, 45% opposing and the rest undecided.
California is one of 14 states, along with the District of Columbia, that do not require voters to show ID when casting ballots, according to NBC News.
The California voter ID push has drawn national attention and money from Republicans, with the ballot measure committee raising $8.8m last year, according to Politico. Opponents are only beginning to mount a campaign to keep it from passing.
The California plebiscite comes as the White House is pushing for stricter federal requirements to cast a ballot. Trump demanded last week that Congress do away with the filibuster so Republicans can pass the Save America Act, which would impose a federal requirement to show proof of citizenship to cast a ballot.
Ron DeSantis, Florida’s Republican governor, signed into a law on 1 April a state bill modeled on the stalled federal act.
Opponents of voter ID laws have repeatedly challenged them in federal court.
Last month, US district judge Loretta Biggs upheld North Carolina’s 2018 voter ID law after it faced challenges from civil rights groups who said it would unconstitutionally infringe on Black and Latino voting rights.
In a separate case last year, the ninth US circuit court of appeals struck down key provisions of voter ID laws passed by Arizona in 2022, after finding that several challenged provisions “are unlawful measures of voter suppression”.
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