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Scientists Finally Solved a 620-Mile Geological Mystery Hidden Beneath Alaska

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Scientists Finally Solved a 620-Mile Geological Mystery Hidden Beneath Alaska


For decades, geologists have been puzzled by the Denali Fault, a sprawling 620-mile geological feature in Alaska. This massive strike-slip fault system, where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, has long hinted at a deeper story—one that shaped North America’s western edge over millions of years. Recent research has finally uncovered the truth behind this mysterious fault, revealing that three distant geological sites, once thought to be separate, were part of a unified suture zone that fused two ancient landmasses into the North American plate.

Led by Sean Regan of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, this study provides groundbreaking insights into the tectonic forces that tore these regions apart over time. Using cutting-edge analysis and a wealth of geological evidence, the team has pieced together a story of massive tectonic shifts, inverted metamorphism, and the power of Earth’s dynamic crust.

A Unified Geological History Revealed

The Denali Fault spans over 1,200 miles, cutting across Alaska and Canada’s Yukon Territory. Its geological complexity has made it a focal point for scientists seeking to understand the processes that shaped North America’s lithosphere. However, the mystery of three specific sites—Clearwater Mountains in Alaska, Kluane Lake in the Yukon, and the Coast Mountains near Juneau—remained unsolved. Were these regions formed independently, or did they share a common origin?

Sean Regan and his team’s research revealed that these sites were once part of a single terminal suture zone, the location where two tectonic plates collided and fused together. This zone, formed between 72 and 56 million years ago, marked the final integration of the Wrangellia Composite Terrane—an ancient oceanic plate—into North America. Over millions of years, tectonic forces caused horizontal movement along the fault, tearing the suture zone apart and scattering its fragments across hundreds of miles.

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“Our understanding of lithospheric growth along the western margin of North America is becoming clearer,” Regan explained. “A big part of that is related to reconstructing strike-slip faults such as the Denali Fault.”

The Map Above Shows The Tectonic Plates That Influence Alaska’s Southeastern Fault Systems.
The map above shows the tectonic plates that influence Alaska’s southeastern fault systems. The Pacific Plate is actively subducting (sliding under) the North American Plate at a rate of about 2 inches per year. The Yakutat block (labeled YAK) prevents the Pacific Plate from subducting smoothly, causing the Wrangell Subplate to break off the North American Plate and rotate counterclockwise. The Denali and Totschunda Faults are located along the northeastern edge of the Wrangell Subplate. Image courtesy of the USGS

The Key Role of Inverted Metamorphism

One of the most striking pieces of evidence connecting these sites is the phenomenon of inverted metamorphism. Typically, rocks formed under higher temperatures and pressures are found deeper in the Earth’s crust, while those formed under lower conditions are closer to the surface. However, in these regions, the order is reversed—rocks formed at greater depths are found above those formed under less extreme conditions.

Regan noted: “We showed that each of these three independent inverted metamorphic belts formed at the same time under similar conditions. Not only are they the same age, but they all behaved in a similar fashion.”

By analyzing monazite, a mineral rich in rare earth elements, Regan’s team traced the geological evolution of rocks at each site. Monazite’s unique properties allowed the researchers to track changes in temperature and pressure over time, further confirming the shared history of these regions.

The Denali Fault’s Impact on North America

The Denali Fault’s significance extends beyond its geological intricacies. As a major strike-slip fault, it remains active and capable of generating powerful earthquakes. Understanding its history provides critical insights into the tectonic forces that continue to shape Alaska’s landscape today.

The fault also serves as a natural laboratory for studying plate tectonics. Its role in the accretion of the Wrangellia Composite Terrane illustrates the processes by which distant landmasses are integrated into larger continental plates. These insights are invaluable for reconstructing Earth’s tectonic history and understanding how continents evolve over time.

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Decades in the Making

This breakthrough builds on decades of geological research. A 1993 study by scientists at the University of Alberta and the University of British Columbia first suggested similarities between the Denali Fault sites but stopped short of identifying them as a unified structure.

“It was amazing to me that the 1993 paper hadn’t caught more attention back in the day,” Regan remarked. “I had this paper hung up on my wall for the last four years because I thought it was really ahead of its time.”

Regan’s work combines modern techniques with earlier observations to provide a more complete picture of the fault’s history. By piecing together data from multiple regions, the team has connected the dots to reveal the larger tectonic story.

Implications for Geological Science

The Denali Fault study has significant implications for our understanding of plate tectonics and lithospheric growth. By identifying the suture zone that joined the Wrangellia Composite Terrane to North America, the research sheds light on the processes that create and reshape continents.

This work also underscores the importance of collaboration and interdisciplinary research in solving complex geological puzzles. By integrating field observations, mineral analysis, and tectonic reconstructions, Regan and his team have provided a model for studying other fault systems around the world.

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“The dots don’t really get connected until you can reconstruct deformation on the Denali Fault,” Regan explained. This study serves as a reminder of the dynamic nature of Earth’s crust and the immense forces at work beneath our feet.

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Record cold temperatures for Juneau with a change to Western Alaska

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Record cold temperatures for Juneau with a change to Western Alaska


ANCHORAGE, AK (Alaska’s News Source) – Overnight lows in Juneau have hit a two streak for breaking records!

Sunday tied the previous record lowest high temperature of 10 degrees set back in 1961, with clear skies and still abnormally cold temperatures to kick off Christmas week. Across the panhandle, clear and cold remains the trend but approaching Christmas Day, snow potential may return to close out the work week.

Download the free Alaska’s News Source Weather App.

In Western Alaska, Winter Storm Warnings are underway beginning as early as tonight for the Seward Peninsula. Between 5 to 10 inches of snow are forecasted across Norton Sound from Monday morning through midnight Monday as wind gusts build to 35 mph. In areas just slightly north, like Kotzebue, a Winter Storm Warning will remain in effect from Monday morning to Wednesday morning. Kotzebue and surrounding areas will brace for 6 to 12 inches of possible snow accumulation over the course of 3 mornings with gusts up to 40 miles per hour.

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Southcentral could potentially see record low high temperatures for Monday as highs in Anchorage are forecasted in the negatives. Across the region, clear skies will stick around through Christmas with subsiding winds Monday morning.

Send us your weather photos and videos here!

Interior Alaska is next up on the ‘changing forecast’ list as a Winter Storm Watch will be in effect Tuesday afternoon through Thursday morning. With this storm watch, forecasted potential of 5 to 10 inches of snow will coat the North Star Borough. For those in Fairbanks, 1 to 3 inches of snow will likely fall Tuesday night into Wednesday, just in time for Christmas Eve! Until then, mostly sunny skies will dominate the Interior with things looking just a bit cloudier past the Brooks Range. The North Slope will stay mostly cloudy to start the work week with some morning snow likely for Wainwright.

The Aleutian Chain is another overcast region with mostly cloudy skies and light rain for this holiday week. Sustained winds will range from 15 to 20 miles per hour with gusts up to 35 mph in Cold Bay.

24/7 Alaska Weather: Get access to live radar, satellite, weather cameras, current conditions, and the latest weather forecast here. Also available through the Alaska’s News Source streaming app available on Apple TV, Roku, and Amazon Fire TV.

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Alaska is awash in oil but lies on an even more valuable resource — Switzerland has just started to produce it in a frenzy

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Alaska is awash in oil but lies on an even more valuable resource — Switzerland has just started to produce it in a frenzy


Alaska’s energy realm has been dominated by oil resources, but with the state awash in oil, Alaska is relying on another valuable resource. Buried beneath the layers of snow lies one of the most underestimated sources of clean power. Since Switzerland has set the tone of relying on solar power enhanced by snow itself, the country is offering some light on how snowy regions can depend on this valuable resource as well. With Alaska being filled with snow, the state could even become fossil fuel independent by relying on solar potential and its snow.

Swiss solar invention considering the strength of snow power

Switzerland has considered solar energy technology created for snow climates. Researchers as well as engineers have seen that solar panels in the Alps do benefit so much from the snow that their performance is improved. Shocking enough, solar panels perform well during the winter months when energy demand tends to be high.

The discovery of solar panels’ feat is because sunlight reflected off snow improves the radiation that reaches the panels. The best way this effect is reflected is through the AlpinSolar Project on the Muttsee Dam. The site can produce 3.3 GWh every year, which is rather similar to the energy generated by solar systems at low elevation levels. These alpine-based panels generate three times more electricity than installations in Switzerland’s lower regions, and this is mainly the case due to the snowy reflected layer.

It has been found that perhaps steep angles and panel spacing optimize sunlight absorption, as this placement enables snow to slide off panels easily whilst ensuring sunlight capture from reflective panels.

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Alaska is looking at relying on the snow’s potential

According to research, the bifacial solar panels, which collect sunlight on both sides, can capture more reflected energy and show better solar output in comparison to traditional single-sided panels. This will be a great idea in Alaska, where snow cover exists for many months.

Tests conducted in Alaska were promising, and snow build-up on panels was effectively managed. Teams at the University of Alaska and Sandia National Laboratories created transparent ice- and snow-phobic coatings, where panels could shed snow and ice and improve solar energy production. In fact, energy production was improved by 85% during tests. While there is hope of solar success, the challenge seems far harder in Alaska in comparison to the Swiss Alps. With low sun angles being a reality in winter months, energy storage needs to be improved, should solar be a reliable clean energy source for Alaska.

Three lessons learnt from Switzerland that can be used in Alaska

Switzerland’s successes in alpine solar technology provide an incentive for Switzerland to tap into underrated clean energy sources, too. However, the lessons learnt in Switzerland can be used in Alaska as well:

  • Installation design matters considerably: Steep panel angles and higher frames enable snow shedding while ensuring better reflection of surfaces.
  • Adapted technologies, including bifacial panels and those with special coatings, optimize solar capture: In high latitude and snow conditions, such innovations tend to improve solar power capture.
  • The solar system must be integrated with storage and grid systems: This ensures that solar becomes a strategic investment in places, like Alaska, where winter darkness seems to be apparent all year long.

If Alaska keeps these core solar lessons in mind, the state can tap into this form of renewable energy.

Alaska will be able to tap into its renewable energy potential

Alaska needs to consider the snow as an asset in its solar mission, as opposed to seeing snow as a foe to the renewable energy agenda. Alaska, like Switzerland, can move forward with this renewable energy resource. While Switzerland has been relying on this resource for a while with favorable results, Alaska, too, can embrace the snow. Soon, the Alps will be covered with solar panels with amazing results.

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There will be more nonstop flight options for Alaska travelers in 2026

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There will be more nonstop flight options for Alaska travelers in 2026


Alaska Airlines passenger jets parked at Concourse C at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport on Thursday, Aug. 28, 2025. (Bill Roth / ADN)

When it’s time to plan a trip, there are a couple of key considerations: How do you get there and how much does it cost?

Alaska travelers take it for granted that most big trips include a stop and a layover in Seattle. That’s certainly true for more international journeys, unless the trip includes a flight to Frankfurt on Condor’s nonstop from Anchorage.

But that mandatory Seattle stop is changing, even though there will be 27 nonstop flights each day this summer.

While ticket prices change on the fly, the process of blocking out where a plane will fly takes time and effort. There are many moving parts, including crew, ground handling and maintenance.

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So the airlines have been working on new summertime flights since earlier this fall. And the lineup is pretty good. There’s also some welcome news on the airfare front.

Just a few days ago. Alaska Airlines announced plans to fly nonstop from Anchorage to three new destinations this summer: Boston, Spokane and Boise. Travelers prefer to fly nonstop. It’s faster and there are fewer opportunities to avoid missed connections, lost bags and other possible trip interruptions along the way.

The flights to Boston start on Saturday, June 13, 2026. There’s just one flight per week this year, which is one way Alaska Airlines tests out a route.

Alaska Air plans two flights per week (on Wednesdays and Saturdays) between Anchorage and both Boise and Spokane, starting on Wednesday, June 10.

Two other nonstop routes from Anchorage that had once-a-week service last summer now will get two flights per week: Anchorage-San Diego, starting May 16, and Anchorage-Sacramento, starting June 13.

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Three Alaska Air destinations will get one flight per day, starting May 13: Anchorage-San Francisco, Anchorage-Denver and Fairbanks-Portland. That’s the same date that Alaska upgrades its Anchorage-Las Vegas from two flights a week to daily service, in response to Southwest Air’s nonstops starting May 15. The Anchorage-Los Angeles schedule also increases on that date (May 13) from one to two daily flights.

More nonstops come online on June 10: Anchorage-Minneapolis and Anchorage-New York/JFK. Also on that date, the Anchorage-Chicago schedule increases from one to two daily flights.

Alaska Airlines also offers daily nonstops to Phoenix and Honolulu. Between Anchorage and Portland, Alaska offers five daily flights during the summer.

Delta Air Lines is resuming several popular nonstop flights from Anchorage in May: Anchorage-Detroit (May 21), Anchorage-Salt Lake City (May 16) and Anchorage-Los Angeles (May 22).

Delta offers year-round nonstops from Anchorage-Seattle (3-6 daily flights), Fairbanks-Seattle (1-2 daily flights), Anchorage-Minneapolis (1-3 flights per day) and Anchorage-Atlanta (Saturdays only).

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Delta’s Anchorage-Atlanta flights feature a wide-body Boeing 767 plane with lie-flat “Delta One” suites, one of just a few domestic routes. Delta resumes daily Anchorage-Atlanta flights on May 21.

American Airlines’ nonstop flight from Anchorage to Dallas operates through Jan. 6, 2026. Then there’s a two-month gap before the flight start up again on March 8.

On May 21, American Airlines resumes daily service on two routes: Anchorage-Chicago and Anchorage-Phoenix.

United Airlines flies from Anchorage to Denver each evening year-round. On May 21, United will start flying three times each day, in response to Southwest Air’s new nonstop which starts on May 15. On June 26, Denver adds a fourth daily Anchorage-Denver nonstop, just in case Southwest didn’t get the message.

May 21 also is the day United resumes its daily nonstops to Newark, Washington, D.C., and Houston.

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On March 5, United resumes its nonstop flight from Anchorage to Chicago. On April 30, United adds a second flight for the summer.

Up in Fairbanks, United resumes daily flights to Chicago on April 30 and to Denver on May 21.

[Workouts at the airport? Some fliers can already smell the sweat.]

Other airlines planning nonstops to Anchorage include Sun Country, with one to two daily flights to Minneapolis starting May 16, WestJet with two weekly nonstops from Anchorage to Calgary and Southwest, with daily flights to both Denver and Phoenix. Condor Airlines plans three flights per week from Anchorage to Frankfurt starting May 16.

A big driver for the additional flights is the cruise industry, which is on track for a robust 2026 season. There are several new entrants in the cruise market, including MSC cruises, Virgin Voyages, Windstar Cruises and Azamara.

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Still, airline watchers speculate there will be plenty of capacity in the interstate jet market, which means fares will be cheaper.

One example right now: Delta offers Basic Economy fares between Anchorage and Seattle for $196 round-trip. Travel between Jan. 12 and March 31. The upcharge to Main Cabin for advance seat assignment and mileage credit is $80 round-trip. Alaska Airlines quickly matched the Basic fare, but Alaska charges more for the upcharge to Main: $100 round-trip.

United Airlines is getting in on the discount fares, offers cheap rates to three Florida destinations from Anchorage: Tampa, Orlando and Fort Lauderdale. All are available for $336 round-trip is Basic Economy. Remember, with United, you cannot even take a small carry-on aboard without getting charged extra. The upcharge to Main is $100 round-trip.

After Delta dropped the fare to Seattle, Alaska Airlines dropped its rates to Delta hubs in Salt Lake City, Atlanta and Detroit. But there’s a twist.

Between Anchorage and Atlanta, Alaska Air is offering Basic fares for as little as $343 round-trip. Fly between Jan. 21 and Feb. 14. But the upcharge to Main is crazy: $175 round-trip. The price from Anchorage to Detroit on Alaska Air is compelling: just $341 round-trip. But the upcharge to Main is a buzzkill: $198 round-trip.

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The Basic rate on Alaska Air between Anchorage and Salt Lake is sweet: $264 round-trip. The upcharge to Main is sour: $169 round-trip.

[Smaller items don’t go in overhead bins. Flight attendants are cracking down.]

In fairness, Delta also is guilty of overcharging for the upcharge to Main.

Between Anchorage and Boston, Delta is offering Basic seats for $336 round-trip, traveling between Jan. 9-March 31. The upcharge to Main is $100 round-trip.

But it’s a different story with tickets to Washington, D.C. Delta dangles a great price for Basic: $344 round-trip. But then comes the sticker shock on the upcharge to Main: $180 round-trip.

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There still are a couple of golden rules when it comes to shopping for airline tickets:

1. When airlines are mad at each other, the traveler wins.

2. The big print giveth and the fine print taketh away.





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