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For decades, Vermont Law and Graduate School has taught courses on animal rights and welfare. In 2021, the school officially launched the Animal Law and Policy Institute.
Now, the college offers an advanced degree for practicing lawyers to deepen their animal advocacy skills. It’s only the second such program in the United States.
The first four fellows arrived in South Royalton this fall from all over the world.
Delci Winders directs the VLGS’s Animal Law and Policy Institute, and she recently joined Vermont Public’s Jenn Jarecki to discuss it. This interview was produced for the ear. We highly recommend listening to the audio. We’ve also provided a transcript, which has been edited for length and clarity.
Jenn Jarecki: To get us started, what do we mean when we say animal welfare and animal rights?
Delci Winders: There is a sense that there is a division— that there’s a binary — between animal welfare and animal rights. And the argument goes: animal rights are focused on the interests in animals — animals’ interests in their own well-being, dignity, etc, whereas welfare is sort of focused on human interest in treating animals OK while we use them, but that it carries with it a notion that it’s OK to use them so long as we treat them as well as possible in doing so.
And so there are different perspectives on whether or not this is a continuum or not. I try really hard to approach it broadly and to accommodate students who come with any position on what I do tend to see as more of a continuum. And I think advocating for welfare can ultimately lead to rights in certain circumstances.
Jenn Jarecki: Delci, you’ve been with VLGS’s Animal Law and Policy Institute since the beginning. Can you briefly walk us through its history?
Delci Winders: The institute launched in 2021, when I was recruited to join the faculty to start the animal law program, and I brought with me our associate director, Laura Ireland. We both had experience in Lewis & Clark’s Animal Law Program. Laura was instrumental in starting a lot of that programming, and I founded and directed the Animal Law Litigation Clinic there.
Jenn Jarecki: What types of classes are taught at the Animal Law and Policy Institute, and what are some of the program’s aims?
Delci Winders: We’ve got a pretty broad array of classes. We’re the fastest-growing animal law program in the country, probably in the world, so we’re adding classes all the time.
So we’ve got your core animals in the law class, and then we’ve got a lot of more specialized classes. So we’ve got a class on undercover investigations, we’ve got a class on science and animal law, we’ve got wildlife law, we have the law of animals in agriculture, the list goes on and on. And our mission is to train the next generation of animal advocacy leaders while centering animals in the fight for environmental protection and environmental justice.
Jenn Jarecki: Delci, I’d love to turn to this new fellowship program. I understand four practicing lawyers from around the world are at VLGS for the next year. Can you tell us who they are and what they’re doing?
Delci Winders: Absolutely. We’ve got four amazing people. So we’ve got Carlos Contreras, who is originally from Colombia. He’s licensed to practice in Colombia, he’s also licensed to practice in Spain. And he had a practice in Spain where he worked on a very high profile case on behalf of a whistleblower, and has come to Vermont law graduate school to study — he’s focused on American legal studies, so that he can sit for the bar exam in New York and practice animal law in the United States.
And then we have Lana Nadj, who is an Australian attorney who has practiced in Australia for many many years. She’s focused on money laundering issues and things like that, but has increasingly wanted to dedicate her practice to animal law, and so she’s focusing on that with us.
And then we have Pius Ubenyi, who is a Nigerian lawyer who, as a practicing lawyer in Nigeria, got to do some wildlife law work, and decided that he really wants to focus on animals. So, this is the theme here. And so he’s joined us to focus entirely on animal law and develop expertise there.
And then we have Anette Sikka, who is originally from Canada, but has been living in Alabama, and is, again, has practiced for many years. Primarily focused on human rights issues, but wants to focus on animal issues and go back to the Deep South, where there’s so much need for that work.
Jenn Jarecki: How are they settling into Vermont so far? I mean, I know they’ve been here for a few months, but how are things going?
Delci Winders: It’s been so amazing having them around, they’re an incredible cohort. We’re working on a research and writing project together, so, me with the four of them. They also are working on their own targeted research projects, and they’ve really just dived in. They’re having a great time, I’m having a great time with them, and they’ve really built impressive communities here in Vermont very quickly.
Jenn Jarecki: Delci, you’ve taught animal rights law around the country. You also directed the world’s first law school clinic dedicated to farm animal advocacy. Why move your family across the country for this program? And how are you finding Vermont?
Vermont Law and Graduate School
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Delci Winders: It was not an easy decision. I had a great job at Lewis & Clark, but really, the opportunity to start a program at such a special institution was too good to turn down. So, I had been teaching in the summer program at Vermont Law and Graduate School for a few years, so I knew how special it was. I knew that it’s a mission-driven institution. It’s not just a school with really strong programs, it’s a school where those programs, which are focused on the public interest, are at the heart of the identity of the school.
And I also knew that it had this long history of animal law, going back to offering one of the very first animal law classes in the world, and that students had been pushing for more offerings for many years. So it just seemed like the perfect opportunity, too good to give up, and so I took a giant leap.
Jenn Jarecki: Well, sticking with Vermont for a second, Delci, this past year, lawmakers cleared the way for an animal welfare division within the Department of Public Safety. Can you talk about the significance of this move here in Vermont and how it compares to some of the other states you’ve worked in?
Delci Winders: So this came about because there was a sense that the animal protection laws were spread out across a lot of different agencies for enforcement, and so that ended up with a lot of uncertainty as to who was responsible for certain things, and it ended up with things falling through the cracks, sometimes with finger pointing. And that’s common, we see that in all of the states. We also see that very much at the federal level.
And so something I’ve been urging at the federal level for a while now is the creation of an animal protection agency, and I think we need that at the state level as well, and I think this is a step in that direction, and I’m very excited about it. We don’t have a person in that position yet, so it’s something to keep an eye on and see how it goes, but I think it could be a model for the rest of the country.
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MONTPELIER, Vt. (WCAX) – Most Vermont school budgets passed Tuesday, but 19 districts and supervisory unions saw their spending plans rejected — an uptick from the nine that failed in 2025, though well below the 29 that failed in 2024.
Some education leaders say the results show communities are largely supportive of their schools.
“We’re starting to kind of equalize out again towards the normal trend of passage of school budgets each year,” said Chelsea Meyers of the Vermont Superintendents Association.
Sue Ceglowski of the Vermont School Boards Association said the results send a clear message. “Vermont taxpayers support Vermont’s public schools,” she said.
Meyers said the results also raise questions about the scope of education reform being considered in Montpelier. “If we are going to reform the system, it might not require sweeping broad changes as are being considered right now, but a more concise approach to consider that inequity,” she said.
But in districts where budgets failed, officials say structural changes are still needed. In Barre, where the budget failed, Barre Unified Union School District Board Chair Michael Boutin said the Legislature must, at a minimum, create a new funding formula. “We have to have that in order to avoid the huge increases and decreases — the huge increases that we’ve seen in the last couple years,” Boutin said.
He said the rise in school budgets is separate from why property owners are seeing sharp tax increases. The average state increase in school budgets is 4%, but the average property tax increase is 10%, driven by cost factors including health care. “There’s a complete disconnect, and that’s a product of the terrible system that we have in Vermont with our funding formula,” Boutin said.
Ceglowski says the state should address health care costs before moving forward with rapid education policy changes. “Addressing the rapid rise in the cost of school employees’ health benefits by ensuring a fair and balanced statewide bargaining process for those benefits,” she said.
The 19 districts that did not pass their budgets will need to draft new spending plans to present to voters, which often requires cuts. Twelve school districts are scheduled to vote at a later date.
Copyright 2026 WCAX. All rights reserved.
Vermont is, for many visitors, the postcard-perfect New England state. A part of the United States since 1791, the first to join the Union after the Thirteen Original Colonies, Vermont has many unique, and sometimes quirky, features. The place has attracted artists and other creative geniuses, some of them decidedly eccentric, from its earliest days. The natural parts of Vermont, like the famous Lake Champlain, offer unusual points of interest for visitors and locals alike. With a state as rich in traveling attractions, it should be little wonder that some of them come with a quirk or two.
Montpelier, while being Vermont’s charming capital, is the tiniest among all US state capitals with just around 8,000 residents. For comparison, the second-smallest, Pierre in South Dakota, has a population of about 14,000. Established in 1787, this historic town warmly welcomes visitors with a variety of landmarks, including the Vermont History Museum and the sprawling 200-acre Hubbard Park. The State House is also open to the public for tours. Just a short drive west, less than an hour away, lies Lake Champlain, one of the Northeast’s most beloved watersides.
The town’s name pays homage to Montpellier, a beautiful city in southern France. This naming reflected the high regard for France at the time, especially for their support during the US War of Independence. Interestingly, Montpelier has experienced its share of flooding, with significant damage occurring in the years 1927, 1992, and most recently in 2023.
Elmore, a charming small town in Lamoille County with fewer than 900 residents, is a favorite spot for autumn leaf-peepers. Located north of Montpelier, this peaceful town has its own unique charm, including several local landmarks sharing the name ‘Elmore,’ which adds to its character. It’s important to note that Elmore town is separate from East Elmore. To the west, Elmore Mountain overlooks the area, while Elmore State Park lies just north of the town itself. Enjoying waterside beauty, Elmore Lake is often listed among Vermont’s most picturesque lakes, with its waters flowing into the Lamoille River through Elmore Pond Brook. Like Montpelier, Elmore is situated east of Lake Champlain. For those seeking a more bustling scene or a change of pace, the vibrant city of Burlington, just an hour’s drive west, makes for a perfect day trip or weekend getaway.
Stowe, with a lively population of 5,300, is Vermont’s top spot for adrenaline seekers and the eccentrics among us, earning its reputation as the state’s premier ski and snowboard destination. The Stowe Mountain Resort proudly calls itself the “ski capital of the east”—that’s the eastern United States. Nestled near the breathtaking Mount Mansfield, Stowe offers more than just winter fun; warmer months bring plenty of activities like hiking and mountain biking in the beautiful Cady Hill Forest.
The town also has a rich history, being the home of Jake Burton Carpenter (1954-2019), the visionary behind Burton Snowboards and a trailblazer in making snowboarding an international sport. While some might have called him eccentric when he launched his company in 1977, today he’s celebrated as a true pioneer whose legacy keeps inspiring young snow sports enthusiasts, like those at Mount Mansfield Winter Academy, a special school dedicated to nurturing the next generation of champions.
Manchester, a town with 4,500 residents located in southwest Vermont, is popular among art and architecture enthusiasts. It features Hildene, the estate of Abraham Lincoln’s son Robert, which boasts an impressive Georgian Revival house and grounds. The town’s American Museum of Fly Fishing showcases numerous rods, flies, and related gear, attracting many superstitious anglers. Manchester is also home to Orvis, a renowned fishing and clothing company. The Southern Vermont Arts Center hosts exhibitions, and includes a sculpture garden and performance space. Nature lovers should visit Mount Equinox, west of town, or explore the Green Mountain National Forest to the south.
Eccentric fact: Jonathan Goldsmith, known for portraying “The World’s Most Interesting Man” in Dos Equis commercials, resides in Manchester. Stay quirky, my friends.
Brattleboro, with a population of 12,100, sits along the Connecticut River and features a variety of attractions and oddities. Located just west of New Hampshire—in which the Connecticut River forms the border—and just north of Massachusetts, the town is an ideal midpoint for exploring the wider New England region. Outdoor enthusiasts will appreciate Fort Dummer State Park, welcoming hikers, bikers, and campers alike. Among the more renowned eccentric figures in history, British writer Rudyard Kipling moved to Brattleboro after marrying a Vermont woman in 1892. Their home, Naulakha, references his birth and childhood in India. Kipling believed that Brattleboro’s conservative small-town culture created an
Woodstock, a town with 3,000 residents located in upstate New York, is separate from the famous 1969 cultural event. This southeastern town attracts architecture enthusiasts, particularly for the First Congregational Church, built in 1807 and featuring a bell cast by American revolutionary Paul Revere, and the Norman Williams Public Library, completed in 1884. For outdoor activities, visitors can walk in Woodstock Town Forest, located south of the town, or enjoy panoramic views from the Marsh Billings Rockefeller National Historical Park, the only part of the US National Park system in Vermont besides the Appalachian Trail. Recently, Woodstock has modernized its infrastructure with digital technology, launching the “Wireless Woodstock” initiative in 2011, which provides free Wi-Fi across the entire town. It’s not quirky; it’s just cool.
These small Vermont towns show the state’s sometimes quirky, but never boring character. Architecture fans will find unusual, beautiful examples state-wide. Montpelier is an oddly pint-sized capital with heavyweight history. Brattleboro has long attracted strange, sometimes brilliant types, whether foreign or domestic. Manchester is interesting enough for the World’s Most Interesting Man. And with abundant natural parks, the Green Mountains, and the majesty of Lake Elmore and Lake Champlain, the quirks of Vermont’s best features should attract even the most straight-laced visitors.
Crime
A Vermont postal worker was cited and suspended for allegedly throwing away mail that was supposed to be delivered to other people, according to police.
Natasha Morisseau, 34, of North Troy, was cited on nine counts of petty larceny and five counts of unlawful mischief, Vermont State Police said in a statement. She works as a mail carrier for the town’s United States Postal Service (USPS) office.
Officers were first alerted to the discarded mail on the afternoon of Jan. 23, according to police. Upon finding the mail in a dumpster on Elm Street in North Troy, they determined that none of it was for that address.
Police identified Morisseau as a person of interest and learned that she was a postal employee. They confirmed that she had regularly been throwing away a small amount of mail under her care since at least October 2025, according to the statement.
After searching the dumpster and Morisseau’s mail vehicle, officers found opened and unopened packages, along with several holiday cards, one of which contained money. Morisseau was later cited Feb. 14 and is due to appear March 17 in Vermont Superior Court, police said.
Since Jan. 23, Morisseau has been suspended by USPS, and all recovered mail has been given back to them for delivery, according to the statement. The case has been forwarded to the USPS’ Inspector General for further review.
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