Health
What to Know About Orphines, a New Class of Deadly Opioids
Since last fall, new and deadly synthetic opioids called orphines have begun appearing in street drugs in the United States. They are far more potent than fentanyl but cannot be detected by standard toxicology tests.
Orphines are still much less common than fentanyl, but they are proliferating quickly. As of last month, they have been found in 14 states, mostly in the South and the Midwest. Law enforcement officials and public health officials are trying to assess the gravity and endurance of the threat they pose.
Here are answers to some basic questions.
What are orphines?
They are a class of opioids that was created in the 1960s by Paul Janssen, a Belgian doctor and pharmacologist, whose teams investigated rapid, safe pain relievers for surgery. As part of that effort, they also developed fentanyl.
Dr. Janssen and others discovered that orphines had life-threatening side effects such as acute respiratory depression and were highly addictive. Within a few years, the research on them was halted.
Researchers characterize orphines as 10 times more powerful than fentanyl, even in quantities no greater than a few sand-size grains. They can be lethal with stunning speed, with victims slumping over abruptly, respiration shutting down, chest walls rigid. Sometimes the classic signature of overdose, “the foam cone” — froth from the nostrils and mouth — does not even have time to bubble up.
Fentanyl Overdoses: What to Know
Still, it is possible for people overdosing on orphines to be revived with naloxone, the opioid reversal medication. But numerous doses may be required, many more than the one or two doses typically needed for fentanyl.
Why did orphines start showing up in United States?
Orphines are among the synthetic opioids that started to appear in the street drug supply in the wake of global crackdowns on fentanyl.
In 2018, the Drug Enforcement Administration issued a temporary ban on all fentanyl-related substances, called analogs. That same year, an article in The Journal of Medicinal Chemistry addressed the challenge of developing opioids without toxic side effects and offered orphines as cautionary examples. It described them as dangerous, because they are so powerfully addictive and may affect breathing.
Researchers speculate that rogue chemists, seeking illicit drugs that can evade international drug laws, may have been inspired by the article to develop orphines. By 2019, brorphine, an early orphine, was detected in Europe.
Around that time, another class of cheap, synthetic opioids called nitazenes had been circulating in Europe and the United States, alarming law enforcement and public health officials. But in July 2025, China, a key manufacturing source of chemicals for nitazenes, banned them.
Nitazenes began to fade but, within months, orphines popped up in the American illicit drug supply.
In what form are orphines sold?
The most common orphine is an analog called cychlorphine (also known as N-propionitrile chlorphine). It seems to be circulating in counterfeit pills or as a powder, bulking and boosting fentanyl. Overdoses and fatalities may occur because the user did not know that the intended drug — such as the stimulant methamphetamine — had been adulterated with the orphine.
Cychlorphine is so new, so difficult to seize that researchers believe it is often being delivered by international mail. In addition to the United States, it has been detected in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, France and Germany, where, cheap and available, it has been nicknamed “poor man’s fentanyl.”
There are indications in Europe that cychlorphine is being used on its own, not just to adulterate other drugs. Medical examiners in the United States are starting to surmise this as well because a few overdose fatalities do not test positive for conventional illicit drugs, like fentanyl and benzodiazepines. When further toxicology tests have been done, cychlorphine shows up as the only deadly drug on board.
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A simple blood test detecting a specific protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease may help predict future cognitive decline in older adults up to a decade before any noticeable symptoms appear, according to a new study.
The Harvard-led research, presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in London and simultaneously published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, could transform how doctors assess dementia risk and help patients prepare for the disease.
By measuring a blood biomarker called p-tau217, which tracks the buildup of damaging proteins in the brain, clinicians may soon be able to assess Alzheimer’s risk much like they use cholesterol tests to estimate heart disease risk, researchers say.
ALZHEIMER’S BLOOD TESTS MAY PREDICT SYMPTOMS YEARS IN ADVANCE, BUT EXPERTS URGE CAUTION
In one of the largest analyses of its kind, researchers tracked nearly 2,700 cognitively healthy adults averaging 70 years of age for up to a decade.
A simple blood test measuring the p-tau217 protein could predict future cognitive decline in symptom-free older adults up to 10 years before any noticeable memory problems begin. (iStock)
They found that symptom-free individuals with high levels of p-tau217 had an estimated 78% chance of developing cognitive impairment within 10 years and a roughly one in three chance within five years. Even those with moderately elevated levels faced a 45% risk over a decade.
The p-tau217 protein is a modified form of tau, which forms tangles in the brain and is associated with memory loss. The blood test provided information beyond what standard brain scans and genetic testing can offer, according to the researchers.
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Rachel Buckley, the study’s lead author and an associate professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School, said the findings provide some of the clearest evidence yet that dementia risk can be detected years before memory problems begin.
Even individuals with only moderately elevated levels of the biomarker face a significant 45% risk of cognitive decline over 10 years. (iStock)
“Once verified, these blood tests could be used to recruit patients for clinical trials of treatments to prevent cognitive decline and dementia,” she said in a press release.
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“In the future, when treatments are approved for use early in the disease process, these tests could help guide monitoring, treatment decisions and counseling for patients and families.”
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The researchers cautioned that p-tau217 cannot fully predict an individual’s future on its own. Other factors like age, genetics, kidney function and racial background can also influence biomarker levels and dementia risk.
Researchers found identical, consistent risk patterns across nearly 2,700 participants from six international research groups. (iStock)
The team emphasized the need for longer studies in more diverse groups to perfect these risk estimates.
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Maria Carrillo, chief science officer at the Alzheimer’s Association in Chicago, said targeting the silent stage of the disease before memory issues arise is where future treatments could have the greatest impact.
“Identifying people at risk earlier could fundamentally change how we diagnose, treat and potentially prevent dementia,” she told Fox News Digital, noting that earlier detection could allow people to begin interventions before symptoms develop.
Health
Leading oncologist reveals 6 habits that could promote longevity and reduce your risk of chronic illness
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The health and wellness information put out on television, podcasts, social media, websites and elsewhere can be overwhelming, but a leading oncologist and University of Pennsylvania bioethicist argues healthy aging can be simplified into six evidence-based rules.
“Don’t be a schmuck” is the first principle offered by Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel in his book, “Eat Your Ice Cream: Six Simple Rules for a Long and Healthy Life.”
“Don’t be stupid,” Emanuel said recently on the ZOE Science & Nutrition podcast. “This is something my father used to say to his three sons very commonly when we were doing something dumb.”
Emanuel’s brothers are former Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel and powerful talent agent Ari Emanuel.
Emanuel argued that obviously dangerous activities, such as BASE jumping, climbing Mount Everest and smoking and vaping are examples of being a schmuck because they carry a high risk of death.
His other principles for living longer and reducing disease risk include prioritizing an active social life, staying mentally active with new hobbies and opportunities to learn, limiting processed and sugary foods and drinks without being overly restrictive, engaging in moderate exercise and getting proper sleep.
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“Our entire brain is constructed around social interactions, and it does way more for us,” Emanuel said. “We know that if you’re lonely, socially isolated, you dramatically increase your risks of mortality.
“More than 3 million people worldwide have been enrolled in studies about social interaction and longevity,” he added. “And the socially isolated, people who have zero or one friends, don’t see friends a lot. Those people are much more likely to die in the next few years.”
A leading health expert argues that loneliness poses health risks comparable to smoking cigarettes. (iStock)
According to Emanuel, being socially isolated or lonely “is the equivalent of smoking 15 cigarettes a day.”
Both close relationships and casual social interactions contribute to well-being, he said.
Emanuel explained why he thinks much of society’s obsession with wellness is toxic and what he labels as “the wellness industrial complex” gets wrong.
Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel said the wellness industrial complex’s obsession with wellness is toxic. (iStock)
“You should not be obsessed about wellness,” Emanuel said on the podcast. “You should be obsessed about living a meaningful life. That’s really what’s important, and wellness is only a means to an end.”
Much of the wellness industry focuses on self-denial, which is misguided, said Emanuel.
“Biology for humans is about homeostasis, the balance between one extreme and another,” he said.
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Society’s current obsession with wellness is nothing new, he added.
“Wellness is a response to a topsy-turvy world, a lot of uncertainty about what the future’s bringing, people feeling like their life’s out of control,” he said.
“And, so, wellness is a response. This is something I can control — what I eat, the vaccines I get, the exercise — and I think that’s what we have today. This is a lot about self-control transmuted into wellness as the outlet.”
Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel said he is a teetotaler himself but says he serves alcohol at his dinner parties because he believes it acts as a social lubricant. (iStock)
The body thrives when it doesn’t take dieting or exercising to extremes, Emanuel said. He is a teetotaler himself, but his wife enjoys cocktails, and when they have a dinner party, they serve alcohol.
Don’t drink alone or use alcohol to drown your sorrows or avoid dealing with them, Emanuel advised.
The ZOE podcast asked Emanuel to advise listeners who aren’t following any of his six rules what to try first.
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“Dinner parties,” he said. “You cook, and you both have good, healthy food because you’ve cooked it. Ynd you’ve challenged your mind ‘cause you’re adding a new recipe, and you’re figuring out how to do it right.
Hosting a dinner party is a healthy activity people should engage in, a health expert says. (iStock)
“You have people over, so you’ve got social connections,” he continued. “You’re challenging your mind with a good conversation. And when it’s all over, you go out for a walk so you get some physical activity.
“This is like you’ve done almost everything in wellness. All of those elements are key to wellness, and it’s the kind of thing you can do, you know, once a weekend or … And you’ll be happier.”
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