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Only Tommy the dog survived: The story of Alaska’s most deadly maritime disaster, the 1918 sinking of the Princess Sophia

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Only Tommy the dog survived: The story of Alaska’s most deadly maritime disaster, the 1918 sinking of the Princess Sophia


A part of a seamless weekly sequence on Alaska historical past by native historian David Reamer. Have a query about Anchorage or Alaska historical past or an thought for a future article? Go to the shape on the backside of this story.

The frigid sea lapped on the shores of Tee Harbor, about 15 miles northwest of Juneau. At first, there was simply the suggestion of motion, a small wake directed towards the shore. Because it approached, particulars got here into focus. No matter it was, it was coated in oil. It was a canine, starved and exhausted. Half-crazed from worry, it dragged itself onto the seashore and pulled away from the water as rapidly because it might. Beneath the crud, it had white fur with darkish, liver-colored spots. Alaskans throughout the territory quickly discovered in regards to the canine, whose title was later revealed as Tommy. For Tommy was the only real survivor from the wreck of the SS Princess Sophia in 1918, the deadliest maritime catastrophe in Alaska historical past.

For a lot of causes, 1918 was a horrible yr for Alaska. The promise of the varied gold rushes, from Juneau to the Prepare dinner Inlet to the Klondike to Nome to Fairbanks to Iditarod, had lengthy since pale. Fortune hunters deserted the territory by the 1000’s. The 1917 American entry to World Struggle I drained extra of the populace away, raised the prices in Alaska for important provides and depleted federal funding for the territory. The delicate financial system and improvement of Alaska have been practically shattered.

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The worldwide influenza pandemic, popularly often called the Spanish influenza, additionally reached Alaska in 1918. Alaska was one of many areas of the world hardest hit. From 1918 to 1919, roughly half of all Alaska deaths have been resulting from influenza. Solely 10% of the residents survived at Brevig Mission, close to Nome. Because of outmigration and excessive dying charges, Alaska’s inhabitants declined by 14.5% from 1910 to 1920. Amid these horrors was the sinking of the Princess Sophia.

The Princess Sophia was a 245-foot-long, 44-foot-wide steamship ordered by the Canadian Pacific Railway Coastal Service in 1911. It was the latest addition to their princess fleet, a set of smaller ocean liners, all with “princess” of their names. Different notable ships within the fleet included the Princess Louisa, Princess Adelaide and Princess Could. The Princess Sophia was in-built Scotland and launched in 1911, with its maiden voyage a yr later after outfitting. It and two sister ships then sailed from Scotland round Cape Horn and north alongside the west coast of the Americas. As soon as the steamer reached its new house base in British Columbia, it was transformed from coal-burning to grease. At a peak velocity of round 13 knots, she was considerably sluggish however sturdy, able to dealing with the frequent storms of the Pacific Northwest.

As launched, the steamship was licensed for 250 passengers, although simply obtained permissions allowed her to hold extra, and her most capability was twice that. The very best-quality staterooms included two berths, working water, a sink and electrical lights. Exterior the sleeping lodging, there was an remark room and a separate smoking room with a staffed bar, each completed in maple. The central social location on board was the expansive eating saloon that might seat greater than 100 individuals. The saloon was completed in wealthy mahogany with maple panels. Because the Victoria Each day Colonist famous, “the entire vessel exhibits that nothing has been left undone to offer for the consolation of the traveler.”

The steamer ran up and down the coast with out notoriety for many of its comparatively transient existence. No ship in Alaska throughout that period was with out accidents, given the fog, wind, storms, few navigational aids, questionable charts, sturdy tides and quite a few submerged hazards. Nevertheless, the Princess Sophia efficiently prevented the worst of them for seven years. In April 1913, she hit a reef at Sentinel Island close to Juneau however didn’t breach the bulkhead and was in a position to proceed the journey. She equally survived beaching throughout a January 1914 snowstorm and a September 1918 collision with one other vessel.

With some breaks brought on by World Struggle I, the Princess Sophia ran an everyday route between Vancouver and Skagway starting in 1913. On Oct. 19, 1918, the steamer left Vancouver and turned north. Whereas diminished from its gold rush peak, Skagway remained a key transportation hub for vacationers from Yukon and Alaska to factors south. The late fall-early winter timing meant a larger-than-average crowd of passengers keen to flee to hotter climes. Ice had already closed the Yukon River for the season, eradicating one different route out of the Klondike and Inside Alaska.

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On Oct. 23, 1918, at 10:10 p.m., the steamer pulled out of Skagway with Juneau as the subsequent deliberate vacation spot. About an hour later, the climate turned tough, a blinding snowstorm mixed with heavy winds. On the helm was Capt. Leonard Locke, a veteran of the princess fleet. He was neither a fearless navigator from legend nor a dunce carried upwards by luck. As an alternative, he was someplace in that broad vary in between, a person who did his job and perhaps little extra.

Some individuals, by their selections and habits, go away outsized footprints upon the historic file. Others don’t. Capt. Locke was the latter. There are not any grand, colourful anecdotes about him. He was described as “fastidious and punctilious,” that are widespread and probably even admirable traits in a ship’s captain. Some crew members thought of him useless, declaring that he wore a toupee to cover his baldness. One shipmate later testified that the married Locke spent a lot of his time on board entertaining feminine passengers privately in his cabin. Useless philanderers are maybe much more widespread than fastidious captains.

On the fateful evening, Capt. Locke saved the ship working at round 11-12 knots regardless of the poor visibility. Firm coverage and finest practices steered that he ought to have lowered the velocity to about 7 knots. The Princess Sophia was late in leaving Skagway, and he conceivably was attempting to maintain as near the schedule as doable. Within the rush, the Princess Sophia veered off target within the Lynn Canal, steaming straight down the center when it ought to have been within the deeper water on the aspect.

At about 2:10 a.m., the steamer struck the Vanderbilt Reef, a rocky outcropping northwest of Juneau practically totally coated by water. A number of passengers panicked, and one girl ostentatiously become a black costume, however there was initially little to fret about. Most significantly, the hull was not leaking, they usually have been in a position to ship a misery name to Juneau. Capt. Locke informed the passengers the ship would float free from the rocks at excessive tide.

The steamship remained in place for the remainder of the day, Oct. 24. Excessive tide that morning didn’t carry the ship free. Although a number of ships answered the decision for assist, they might not method. Quite than abating, the storm had, if something, worsened. The identical swells and rocks that battered the Princess Sophia threatened to wreck them as effectively.

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The morale among the many passengers different. Some have been afraid, some have been hopeful, and a few merely felt inconvenienced by the delay. A few of them penned letters, of which not less than two have been later recovered. Auris McQueen was nonetheless hopeful when he wrote, “(we) have run out smooth sugar. However the pipe is mounted so we’re getting warmth and lights now, and we nonetheless have lump sugar and water for ingesting.”

John “Jack” Maskell was ready for the worst in a letter to his fiancé later printed world wide. He wrote, “I’m penning this my expensive lady whereas the boat is in grave hazard. We struck a rock final evening which threw many from their berths, ladies rushed out of their evening apparel, some have been crying, some too weak to maneuver, however the lifeboats have been swung out in all readiness however owing to the storm can be insanity to launch till there was no hope for the ship.”

He continued, “The boat would possibly go to items, for the pressure of the waves are horrible, making terrible noises on the aspect of the boat, which has fairly an inventory to port. Nobody is allowed to sleep, however imagine me expensive Dorrie it may need been a lot worse. Simply hear there’s a massive steamer coming.” The tip of the letter contained his will, which said, “My insurance coverage, funds, and property I go away to my spouse (who was to be) Miss Dorothy Burgess.”

The storm continued, and the day rolled over into the subsequent. That afternoon, the mix of wind and tides briefly lifted the strict. The ship spun and fell towards the rocks, which gouged and ripped aside the hull. After practically 40 hours perched upon the reef, the steamer started to tackle water.

Amid the storm, not one of the ships within the space witnessed the Princess Sophia’s closing moments. At 5:20 p.m., Oct. 25, wi-fi operator David Robinson despatched, “For God’s sake, hurry, the water is coming into my room.” A lighthouse tender replied, “We’re coming. Save your batteries.” Robinson then despatched the final message from the doomed steamer, “Alright, I’ll. You discuss to me, so I do know you might be coming.”

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Inside a half hour to an hour, everybody on board, apart from Tommy the canine, was useless. Some have been trapped on the boat and drowned. Some made it to the lifeboats, which have been swamped by the waves or smashed towards the rocks. Others tried to swim for it within the icy water, with and with out life preservers. When full, the steamer carried 2,900 barrels of oil, which spilled out of the wreck and choked these attempting to flee. Most of the watches discovered on the our bodies registered instances round 5:50 p.m., when the seawater or oil stopped them.

Nobody is aware of precisely how many individuals died that day. Passenger and crew lists weren’t precise; they included some who had not boarded and excluded some who had. Among the recovered our bodies have been by no means recognized. After many years of analysis, the perfect estimates recommend there have been between 364 to 368 on board.

The attract of Alaska and the Yukon attracted fortune hunters from throughout the globe, and the passengers of the Princess Sophia have been representatively various. Political borders have shifted within the century since, extraordinarily so in some areas. The nations of origin for the deceased included what’s now Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Eire, Italy, Japan, Norway, Scotland, Sweden, Syria and the USA.

The Canadian Pacific Railway provided a reward of $50, greater than $900 in 2023 cash, for each recovered physique, however the grisly work took over a yr. In October 1919, a yr after the wreck, the stays of Joseph Santine washed ashore at Mud Bay close to Haines. By then, he was a skeleton wrapped in garments, although nonetheless in possession of his bankbook and naturalization papers. Alan Winchell employed his personal salvage firm to recuperate his spouse. Different victims have been washed away and by no means discovered.

Out of grief and horror, some accused Capt. Locke of failing in his responsibility, that the passengers and crew might have been taken off the ship throughout the lengthy day of Oct. 24. Since he died with everybody else, Locke couldn’t reply to his critics. The ship’s log was by no means discovered. The courtroom battles lasted greater than a decade, however all official inquiries exonerated the crew.

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[A Gambell dog walked 166 miles across sea ice to Wales and made it home safely, save for 2 big bite marks]

Of the 5 canines, a horse and different animals aboard the steamship, solely Tommy survived. He swam 15 miles south to Tee Harbor, then made his method round to Auke Bay. Two days after the catastrophe, locals discovered him practically frozen, starved and nonetheless coated in oil. Newspapers on the time recognized him as an English setter belonging to James and Louisa Alexander. A century later, newly found proof steered he was, in actual fact, a Chesapeake Bay retriever, a Chessie. As with many Princess Sophia particulars, nobody will ever know for positive. Nevertheless, Chessies are famend swimmers resulting from their waterproof coats and webbed paws, which could be how Tommy managed to outlive the place others didn’t.

Cannery staff at Auke Bay adopted Tommy for some time, however the canine had developed a extreme worry of the water. In response to an Alaska Each day Empire article, when crossing a footbridge, Tommy would “crawl throughout, with its head lowered between its fore paws, and look neither to the left nor proper.” Each Alexanders died on the steamer, however Tommy was finally returned to kin within the Vancouver space.

Key sources:

Coates, Ken, and Invoice Morrison. The Sinking of the Princes Sophia: Taking the North Down with Her. Toronto: Oxford College Press, 1990.

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“Lengthy Search is Rewarded for Physique of Spouse.” (Juneau) Alaska Each day Empire, July 11, 1919, 6.

“Solely Survivor of Sophia is a Canine.” Anchorage Each day Instances, April 3, 1919, 5.

“Solely Survivor of Sophia is Recognized.” (Juneau) Alaska Each day Empire, March 14, 1919, 2.

“Brief Tales About Alaska Occurrences.” Cordova Each day Instances, October 28, 1919, 2.

Thompson, Judy, and David R. Leverton. These Who Perished: SS Princess Sophia, the Unknown Story of the Largest Shipwreck Catastrophe Alongside the Pacific Northwest Coast. Victoria, BC: Maritime Museum of British Columbia Society, 2018.

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“Witnesses in Princess Sophia Case Declare Vessel Not Correctly Manned.” Anchorage Each day Instances, January 27, 1921, 1.





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Alaska

‘Prolonged’ internet outage in North Slope & Northwest: Quintillion blames optic cable break

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‘Prolonged’ internet outage in North Slope & Northwest: Quintillion blames optic cable break


ANCHORAGE, Alaska (KTUU) – The president of Quintilian blamed an optic cable break for a North Slope & Northwest Alaska internet outage that will take an undefined amount of time to fix.

“It appears there was a subsea fiber optic cable break near Oliktok Point, and the outage will be prolonged,” Quintillion President Michael “Mac” McHale said in a short statement provided by a company spokesperson. “We are working with our partners and customers on alternative solutions.”

The statement mirrored what the company released Saturday morning on social media.

So far, the company has not provided a specific timeline for the repair’s next steps.

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See a spelling or grammar error? Report it to web@ktuu.com



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Opinion: Alaska’s court system has had solutions for expensive, unnecessary delays since 2009. What’s lacking is accountability.

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Opinion: Alaska’s court system has had solutions for expensive, unnecessary delays since 2009. What’s lacking is accountability.


As a former prosecutor, I was shocked and saddened to read reporter Kyle Hopkins’ recent reporting in the Anchorage Daily News and ProPublica on pervasive, unconstitutional, heartbreaking delays of violent felony cases. Judges granting continuances 50 to 70 times over seven to 10 years — with “typically” no opposition from the prosecution, and no mention of the victims. Victims and their families suffering years before the closure that a trial can bring, some even dying during the delays.

Hopkins’ reporting is recent. The problem isn’t. The Office of Victims’ Rights (OVR) has been covering delays for years in annual reports to the Legislature, beginning in 2014. In 2018, after monitoring nearly 200 cases, OVR said judges were mostly to blame.

Other causes have been noted: understaffed public defender and prosecutor offices; the incentive for defendants to delay because witnesses’ memories fade. But in 2019, OVR said, “It is up to the judges to control the docket, to adhere to standing court orders, to follow the law and to protect victims’ rights as well as defendants’ rights.”

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In 1994, 86% of Alaskans who voted supported a crime victims’ rights ballot. That overwhelming mandate was enshrined in our state constitution. It includes victims’ “right to timely disposition of the case.” For years, Anchorage Superior Court judges have ignored this right.

After reading the recent coverage, I began searching. Maybe other jurisdictions had found solutions to similar delays. What I discovered shocked me even more.

In 2008, a working group co-chaired by an Alaska Supreme Court justice determined the average time to disposition for felony cases in Anchorage had nearly quadrupled. “This finding amounted to a ‘call to arms’ for improvements …(.)”

In November 2008, the state paid to send three judges, two court personnel, the Anchorage district attorney, the deputy attorney general and three public defenders to a workshop in Arizona about causes of delays, and solutions. David Steelman was a presenter. He worked with the Alaska group in Phoenix and Anchorage. That work resulted in a 59-page report dated March 2009.

I found Steelman’s report online (“Improving Criminal Caseflow Management in the Alaska Superior Court in Anchorage”). His findings are revealing.

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Delays resulted from informal attitudes, concerns and practices of the court, prosecutors and public defense lawyers. To change this “culture of continuances,” it was critical the court exercise leadership and the attorneys commit to change. Judges and the public-sector lawyers must recognize they were all responsible for making prudent use of the finite resources provided by taxpayers. Unnecessary delays wasted resources.

Steelman recommended the judges and lawyers agree to individual performance measurements, and the court engage in ongoing evaluation of his Caseflow Improvement Plan. The plan included a “Continuance Policy for Anchorage Felony Cases.”

I found an unsigned Anchorage court order dated May 1, 2009. It included Steelman’s Continuance Policy recommendation that the court log every requested continuance in the court file, name the party requesting it, the reasons given, whether the continuance was granted, and the delay incurred if it was granted.

More telling, it omitted Steelman’s recommendation that, “Every six months, the chief criminal judge shall report to the Presiding Judge on the number of continuances requested and granted during the previous period(.)”

That provision might have ensured accountability.

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After years of only bad news, in 2018, OVR reported a glimmer of “good news” — a pre-trial delay working group was formed by Anchorage Presiding Judge Morse and the court system. In September 2018, Judge Morse issued a Felony Pre-Trial Order. Its goals included reducing delays of felony case dispositions and minimizing the number of calendaring hearings. (Sound familiar?)

But, OVR added, “The real test will be whether judges will hold to the new plan and hold parties accountable for delays. The jury is out on whether the will to change is actually present, but the court ultimately will be responsible for improving this problem unless the legislature steps in and passes new laws to resolve this continuing violation of victims’ rights.”

The jury has been out since 2009. The court failed that test. Based on the ADN/ProPublica reporting, the court failed the test of 2018. Things are worse than ever.

And the court’s response? A spokesperson told Kyle Hopkins there was “new” training for judges on managing case flows, as well as an Anchorage presiding judge’s order limiting when postponements may be used. (Sound familiar?)

I also reached out to the court. I requested documentation of this “new” training and a copy of the latest order. I also asked about the unsigned May 2009 court order. I’ve received no response. Similarly, when Hopkins reached out to Anchorage Superior Court judges, none of the criminal docket judges responded directly.

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There are two things courts and judges will respond to: their budget and retention elections.

First, the Alaska Senate and House Judiciary and Finance Committees should hold the court system accountable for its proposed budget. Require it to cost out delays from past years. According to a 2011 report by Steelman, just two Anchorage cases (each with over 70 scheduling hearings), “(M)ay have cost the State of Alaska the full-time equivalent of an extra prosecutor or public defender attorney.”

The court system has proven, since 2008, it can’t be trusted to not waste money on unnecessary delays. It must finally be held accountable by the Legislature.

Second, retention elections. Superior Court judges are appointed by the governor, but they must stand election for retention by the voters every six years. The Alaska Judicial Council evaluates each judge before their election and makes that information public. The council incorporates surveys of attorneys, law enforcement, child services professionals, court employees and jurors.

The Judicial Council does not survey victims, or those who assist them, such as OVR or Victims for Justice. It should. Other than the defendant, victims are the only ones with a constitutional right to a speedy trial. That right is being ignored by judges. Alaska voters who issued a mandate should know which judges are ignoring it.

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Val Van Brocklin is a former state and federal prosecutor in Alaska who now trains and writes on criminal justice topics nationwide.

The views expressed here are the writer’s and are not necessarily endorsed by the Anchorage Daily News, which welcomes a broad range of viewpoints. To submit a piece for consideration, email commentary(at)adn.com. Send submissions shorter than 200 words to letters@adn.com or click here to submit via any web browser. Read our full guidelines for letters and commentaries here.





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Seattle offers much more than a connection hub for Alaska flyers

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Seattle offers much more than a connection hub for Alaska flyers


Lately I’ve spent too much time at the Seattle airport and not enough time exploring the Emerald City.

It’s not just about downtown Seattle, either. I’ve been catching up with friends in the area and we shared stories about visiting the nearby San Juan Islands or taking the Victoria Clipper up to Vancouver Island (bring your passport).

There are some seasonal events, though, that make a trip to Seattle more compelling.

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First on the list is Seattle Museum Month. Every February, area museums team up with local hotels to offer half-price admission.

There is a catch. To get the half-price admission, stay at a downtown hotel. There are 70 hotels from which to choose. Even if you just stay for one night, you can get a pass which offers up to four people half-price admission.

It’s very difficult to visit all of the museums on the list. Just visiting the Seattle Art Museum, right downtown near Pike Place Market, can take all day. There’s a special exhibit now featuring the mobiles of Alexander Calder and giant wood sculptures of artist Thaddeus Mosley.

But there are many ongoing exhibits at SAM, as the museum is affectionately known. Rembrandt’s etchings, an exhibit from northern Australia, an intricate porcelain sculpture from Italian artist Diego Cibelli, African art, Native American art and so much more is on display.

It’s worth the long walk to the north of Pike Place Market to visit the Olympic Sculpture Park, a free outdoor exhibition by SAM featuring oversized works, including a giant Calder sculpture. The sweeping views of Elliott Bay and the mountains on the Olympic Peninsula are part of the package.

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My other favorite art museum is the Burke Museum at the University of Washington. What I remember most about the Burke Museum is its rich collection of Northwest Native art.

But the term “museum” covers an incredible array of collections. A visit to the Chihuly Garden and Glass Museum is a chance to see the most fanciful creations of renowned glass blower Dale Chihuly. It’s right next to the Space Needle.

You have to go up to the top and see the new renovations.

“They took out most of the restaurant,” said Sydney Martinez, public relations manager for Visit Seattle.

“Then they replaced the floor with glass. Plus, they took the protective wires off from around the Observation Deck and put up clear glass for an uninterrupted view,” she said.

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If you visit the Space Needle in February, there’s hardly ever a line!

Getting from the airport to downtown is easy with the light rail system. There’s a terminal adjacent to the parking garage in the airport. The one-way fare for the 38-minute train ride is $3. From downtown, there are streetcars that go up Capitol Hill and down to Lake Union.

Martinez encourages travelers to check out the Transit Go app.

“All of the buses require exact change and sometimes that’s a hassle,” she said. “Just add finds to your app using a credit card and show the driver when you get on.”

Pike Place Market is a downtown landmark in Seattle. Fresh produce, the famous fish market, specialty retailers and restaurants — there’s always something going on. Now there’s even more to see.

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Following the destruction of the waterfront freeway and the building of the tunnel, the Seattle Waterfront project has made great strides on its revitalization plan. The latest milestone is the opening of the Overlook Walk.

The Seattle Waterfront project encompasses much more than the new waterfront steps. Landscaping, pedestrian crossings and parks still are being constructed. But you cannot miss the beautiful staircase that comes down from Pike Place Market to the waterfront.

“There’s a really large patio at the top overlooking Elliott Bay,” said Martinez. “The stairs go down to the waterfront from there, but there also are elevators.”

Tucked under one wall is a completely new exhibit from the Seattle Aquarium, which is right across the street on the water. The Ocean Pavilion features an exhibit on the “Indo-Pacific ecosystem in the Coral Triangle.” I want to see this for myself!

Wine lovers love Washington wines. And Seattle shows up to showcase the increasing variety of wines available around the state. Taste Washington brings the region’s food and wines together for an event in mid-March.

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Hosted by the WAMU Center near the big sports stadiums, Taste Washington features 200 wineries and 75 restaurants for tastings, pairings and demonstrations. There are special tastings, special dinners (plus a Sunday brunch) and special demonstrations between March 13 and 17.

There’s another regionwide feasting event called Seattle Restaurant Week, where participating restaurants offer a selected dinner for a set price. No dates are set yet, but Martinez said it usually happens both in the spring and the fall.

It’s not downtown, but it’s worth going to Boeing Field to see the Museum of Flight. This ever-expanding museum features exhibits on World War I and II, in addition to the giant main hall where there are dozens of planes displayed. I love getting up close to the world’s fastest plane, the black SR-71 Blackbird. But take the elevated walkway across the street to see the Concorde SST, an older version of Air Force 1 (a Boeing 707) and a Lockheed Constellation.

One of the most interesting exhibits is the Space Shuttle Trainer — used to train the astronauts here on the ground. There’s an amazing array of space-related exhibits. Don’t miss it.

Some travelers come to Seattle for sports. Take in home games from the Seattle Kraken hockey team or the Seattle Sounders soccer team this winter.

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Other travelers come to see shows. Moore Theatre is hosting Lyle Lovett on Feb. 19 and Anoushka Shankar on March 13. Joe Bonamassa is playing at the Climate Pledge Area on Feb. 16. There are dozens of live music venues throughout the area.

It’s easy to get out of town to go on a bigger adventure. The Victoria Clipper leaves from the Seattle Waterfront for Victoria’s Inner Harbour each day, starting Feb. 16. If you want faster passage, fly back on Kenmore Air to Lake Union.

The Washington State Ferries offer great service from downtown Seattle to the Olympic Peninsula. Or, drive north to Anacortes and take the ferry to the San Juan Islands. Or, just drive north to Mukilteo and catch a short ferry over to Whidbey Island.

There are fun events all year in Seattle. But I’m circling February on the calendar for Museum Month. Plus, I need to see that grand staircase from Pike Place Market down to the water!





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