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Coal miners are getting new protections from silica dust linked to black lung disease

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Coal miners are getting new protections from silica dust linked to black lung disease

WASHINGTON — Coal miners will be better protected from poisonous silica dust that has contributed to the premature deaths of thousands of mine workers from a respiratory ailment commonly known as black lung disease, the Labor Department said Tuesday as it issued a new federal rule on miners’ safety.

The final rule, announced by Acting Labor Secretary Julie Su, cuts by half the permissible exposure limit for crystalline silica for an eight-hour shift.

Mine workers, community advocates and elected officials from Appalachian states have pushed for the stricter rule, noting that health problems have grown in recent years as miners dig through more layers of rock to gain access to coal seams when deposits closer to the surface have long been tapped. The increased drilling generates deadly silica dust and has caused severe forms of pneumoconiosis, better known as black lung disease, even among younger miners, some in their 30s and 40s.

“It is unconscionable that our nation’s miners have worked without adequate protection from silica dust despite it being a known health hazard for decades,” Su said Tuesday. “Today, we’re making it clear that no job should be a death sentence, and every worker has the right to come home healthy and safe at the end of the day.”

In Central Appalachia, an estimated one in five tenured coal miners has black lung disease. The condition reduces life expectancy by an average of 12 years and makes it a “struggle to get through a phone call or play with their grandkids without losing their breath,” Su said in a speech in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, where she appeared with Cecil Roberts, president of the United Mine Workers of America, and other union leaders.

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“For too long, we accepted this as just the way things are for people who work in mines,” Su said. “They’ve had to work without the same protections from silica dust that people in other industries have, even though we’ve known about the harms of silica dust since Frances Perkins,” who was labor secretary in the 1930s and 1940s.

The election-year rule shows “what it looks like to have the most pro-worker, pro-union president in history,” Su said, a political comment referring to Democratic President Joe Biden.

Rebecca Shelton, director of policy at the Appalachian Citizens Law Center, which pressed for stricter rules to protect miners, said the group was reviewing the rule to ensure regulators from the Mine Safety and Health Administration accounted for comments by health professionals, attorneys and miners who have worked on the rule for years.

“There are too many lives at stake to get this wrong, and we’ll do whatever we can to ensure that this rule provides the protection that miners deserve,” Shelton said.

Democratic senators from Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Virginia hailed the new rule, saying it will be essential in safeguarding miners.

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A spokesman for the National Mining Association said the group was reviewing the rule but supports the lower limits. The mining lobby has pushed to allow use of administrative controls and personal protective equipment to meet safety standards. “Unfortunately, those recommendations were not included in the final rule,″ said spokesman Conor Bernstein.

Vonda Robinson, whose husband, John, was diagnosed with black lung a decade ago at age 47, said she’s felt hopeful as officials considered the rule changes. But she was skeptical how the rule will be enforced.

Robinson, who lives in rural Nickelsville, Virginia, near the Tennessee line, said the mine safety office does not have enough staff or resources to adequately protect workers and their families.

“You can have rules, but until you back it up with enforcement, it’s not going to mean anything,” she said in an interview. “If they’re going to put out these rulings, you need to hire more people.”

The White House requested a $50 million increase to the mine safety office’s budget for the current year, most of which would have been for more inspectors and enforcement. Congress rejected it, keeping the budget at the 2023 level of $388 million.

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Vonda Robinson said her husband struggles every day. John Robinson worked in the mines for almost three decades. Two years ago, the couple met with a physician about a lung transplant.

“Until you see it and live with it, you don’t understand,” Vonda Robinson said. “And knowing what we’re looking at now — miners being diagnosed at 32 – they’ll probably never see their children graduate or have grandchildren.”

The Labor Department rule lowers the permissible exposure limit of respirable crystalline silica to 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air for a full-shift exposure, calculated as an 8-hour average. If a miner’s exposure exceeds the limit, mine operators must take immediate corrective actions.

The rule is in line with exposure levels imposed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration on construction and other non-mining industries. And it’s the standard the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was recommending as far back as 1974.

The Labor Department began studying silica and its impact on workers’ health nearly a century ago, but the focus on stopping exposure in the workplace largely bypassed coal miners. Instead, regulations centered on coal dust, a separate hazard created by crushing or pulverizing coal rock that also contributes to black lung.

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In the decades since, silica dust has become a major problem as Appalachian miners cut through layers of sandstone to reach less accessible coal seams in mountaintop mines where coal closer to the surface has long been tapped. Silica dust is 20 times more toxic than coal dust and causes severe forms of black lung disease after even a few years of exposure.

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Willingham reported from Charleston, West Virginia.

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Bobby Cox, One of Baseball’s Top Managers, Dies at 84

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Bobby Cox, One of Baseball’s Top Managers, Dies at 84

Bobby Cox, the Baseball Hall of Fame manager who led the Atlanta Braves to five National League pennants and a World Series championship in the 1990s and was ranked No. 4 for career victories among major league managers, died on Saturday in Marietta, Ga. He was 84.

The team announced the death but provided no further details. Cox had a stroke in 2019 that impaired the use of his right arm.

Cox himself was a major league player whose career consisted of two seasons, mostly at third base, with the Yankees in 1968 and 1969. He batted .225 overall in 220 games and was hampered by knee problems.

He found his niche as a manager, mostly for the Braves in two stints surrounding a stretch with the Toronto Blue Jays. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2014 as “one of the most successful managers in history” for steering the Braves to dominance in the 1990s.

Cox’s 2,504 victories in 29 seasons have been exceeded only by three others: Connie Mack, with 3,731, managing the Philadelphia Athletics for 50 years, followed by John McGraw with 2,763 and Tony La Russa with 2,728. Cox was voted manager of the year four times by the Baseball Writers’ Association of America.

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Cox’s Braves boasted strong pitching, most notably from the Hall of Famers Tom Glavine, Greg Maddux and John Smoltz. His Atlanta teams won division championships 14 consecutive times, from 1991 to 2005, a players’ strike having curtailed the 1994 season.

But they didn’t capture his lone World Series championship until 1995, when they defeated the Cleveland Indians in six games, with the clincher coming on a 1-0 victory behind Glavine’s one-hitter and David Justice’s sixth-inning home run.

The Braves were bested in the Series by the Minnesota Twins in 1991, the Blue Jays in 1992 and the Yankees in 1996 and 1999.

After the Braves captured the 1995 Series title, Cox expressed resentment over frequent references in previous years to his never having reached baseball’s pinnacle.

“That’s all they ever talk about,” he told The New York Times. “Fran Tarkenton never won a Super Bowl. He’s one of the greatest quarterbacks ever. He talks about having a little luck occasionally, too.”

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Cox regarded himself as a players’ manager and was well liked by his teams.

“I can get on a player, and have, as good as anybody in the world,” he told The Times during the 1999 World Series. “But certainly, when we leave, we understand each other, and it hasn’t been printed and nobody knows about it. At least most of the cases.”

Robert Joe Cox was born on May 21, 1941, in Tulsa, Okla., and grew up in Selma, Calif., near Fresno. His father, J.T. Cox, was an electrician for a pump company, and his mother, Willie Mae (Hendrix) Cox, was a store clerk.

Bobby played for his high school baseball team, and the Los Angeles Dodgers’ organization signed him in 1959 as an amateur free agent. He remained in the minor leagues until the Yankees obtained him in a December 1967 trade from the Braves’ organization. He debuted in the major leagues the following year.

Cox managed in the Yankee farm system from 1971 to 1976. He then became the Yankees’ first-base coach under the manager, Billy Martin, in 1977 when the team defeated the Dodgers in the World Series.

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He replaced Dave Bristol as the manager of the floundering Braves in 1978. The Braves’ only winning season under Cox came in 1980, when they were 81-80. He was fired after the strike-shortened 1981 season.

He had better success managing the Blue Jays, which had entered the American League as a 1977 expansion team. He took them to 99-62 record in 1985, though they lost to the Kansas City Royals in the seven-game league championship series after taking a 3-to-1 game lead.

Cox was fired afterward, then served as the Braves’ general manager from 1985 to 1990. During that tenure, he drafted third baseman Chipper Jones, another future Hall of Famer, and traded for Smoltz.

Cox replaced Russ Nixon as the Braves’ manager in June 1990 while remaining as general manager. John Schuerholz took over the front office after that season, and they proved to be a highly successful tandem.

While 1995 was a triumphant season for Cox, he was in the news in connection with a troubling family matter in May of that year. His wife, Pamela, called the police to their home after they had argued the night following a game. The police said she told an officer that her husband had hit her in the face. Cox was arrested on a battery charge, then quickly released on $1,000 bail.

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The next day, at a news conference arranged by the Braves, Pamela Cox retracted the allegation. Under a court arrangement, Cox enrolled in anger-management counseling, and his wife attended a program for battered women. Early in September, upon completion of those obligations, the charge against Cox was dismissed.

He and his wife, Pamela (Boswell) Cox, had three daughters. He also had five children from an earlier marriage, to Mary Xavier, that ended in divorce. A complete list of survivors was not immediately available.

Cox retired as the Braves’ manager following the 2010 season but continued to serve as an adviser. He also became an executive with a bank in the Rome, Ga., area.

Apart from the wins-losses column, Cox set a record for an arcane statistic, having been ejected from 162 games long before managerial challenges of most questionable calls could be settled by video replays, avoiding chest-to-chest arguments.

Most of the time, Cox was protecting his players from ejections by shouldering their anger, and there were evidently no hard feelings on the part of the umps.

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“The umpires have the utmost respect for Bobby Cox,” the umpire Richie Garcia told The Associated Press in 2007. “What happens one night isn’t carried over to the next.”

As the umpire Bob Davidson put it, “If I was a ballplayer, I’d want to play for Bobby Cox.”

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Bobby Cox, Hall of Fame manager of Atlanta Braves, dies at age 84

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Bobby Cox, Hall of Fame manager of Atlanta Braves, dies at age 84

Former Atlanta Braves manager Bobby Cox waves to the crowd as he is introduced at a ceremony to open the Braves’ new stadium before a baseball game against the San Diego Padres, April 14, 2017, in Atlanta.

John Bazemore/AP


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John Bazemore/AP

ATLANTA — Bobby Cox, the folksy manager of the Atlanta Braves whose teams ruled the National League during the 1990s and gave the city its first major title as well as World Series trips that fell short, has died. He was 84.

The Atlanta Braves announced Cox’s death Saturday; details weren’t immediately available. Cox had a stroke in 2019.

“Bobby was the best manager to ever wear a Braves uniform. He led our team to 14 straight division titles, five National League pennants, and the unforgettable World Series title in 1995. His Braves managerial legacy will never be matched,” the Braves said in a statement.

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Cox took over a last-place team in June 1990 and led the Braves to a worst-to-first finish in 1991, losing the World Series to the Minnesota Twins in seven games. That was the start of what was to be a record 14 consecutive division titles, a feat no professional team in any sport had accomplished.

He managed the Braves for 25 years and led Atlanta to its only World Series title in 1995, retired after the 2010 season and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2014.

“Bobby was a favorite among all in the baseball community, especially those who played for him. His wealth of knowledge on player development and the intricacies of managing the game were rewarded with the sport’s ultimate prize in 2014 — enshrinement into the Baseball Hall of Fame,” the Braves said.

As of Saturday, Cox ranks fourth all-time with 2,504 wins, fifth with 4,508 games, first with 15 division titles including a record 14 in a row, first with 16 playoff appearances and fourth with 67 playoff victories.

Only Connie Mack, John McGraw and Tony La Russa had more regular-season wins than Cox. His 158 regular-season ejections also was the most among managers.

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“He is the Atlanta Braves,” catcher Brian McCann said in 2019. “He’s the best.”

McCann described Cox as an “icon” and “one of the best human beings any of us have ever met.”

The Braves retired Cox’s No. 6 jersey in 2011, when he joined the team’s Hall of Fame.

Cox spent 29 seasons as a major league manager, including four with Toronto. He managed 16 postseason teams. He brought an old-school approach to the dugout. He always wore spikes and stirrups, and his fatherly demeanor inspired loyalty from his players.

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The New Harvard Trend? Getting Punched in the Face.

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The New Harvard Trend? Getting Punched in the Face.

Her opponent at the Babson fight night was her Harvard teammate Muskaan Sandhu, 18, a freshman, who had sparred before. No one likes getting hit, Ms. Sandhu said, but she liked learning that she could take a punch.

It made her feel she could do anything. “After the fight, I never felt so capable in my life,” she said.

Modern life — lived on screens or amid the constant distraction of screens — can feel isolating. She sees boxing as a way to engage with people. “You feel really human,” she said. “You feel a connection with the person you’re fighting. Like we’re in this together.”

Mr. Lake said he intended for Harvard’s club to join the National Collegiate Boxing Association, a nonprofit that provides structure and safety rules. The N.C.B.A. represents about 840 athletes, an 18 percent increase from a year ago, said the group’s president, George Chamberlain, who coaches the University of Iowa’s boxing club.

The well-attended fight night at Babson, which also included boxers from Brandeis University, reflected the growing interest.

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Before it began, a volunteer passed out waiver documents. Most of the boxers immediately flipped to the end and signed. Mr. Jiang, of Harvard, appeared to be the only one who read it.

He was a mixed martial arts fan who resolved to try a combat sport in college. “I like the technique side of it,” Mr. Jiang said of boxing, “the science behind the sport.”

His fight plan, he explained, was to control the action with his jab and occasionally throw the right hand, to maintain good defense and try to tire out his opponent.

It seemed a solid strategy — though, as the heavyweight Mike Tyson famously noted, everyone has a plan until they get punched in the face.

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