Health
Students use AI technology to find new brain tumor therapy targets — with a goal of fighting disease faster
Glioblastoma is among the deadliest sorts of mind most cancers, with the typical affected person dwelling solely eight months after prognosis, in response to the Nationwide Mind Tumor Society, a nonprofit.
Two formidable highschool college students — Andrea Olsen, 18, from Oslo, Norway, and Zachary Harpaz, 16, from Fort Lauderdale, Florida — need to change that.
The kids partnered with Insilico Medication, a Hong Kong-based medical expertise firm, to establish three new goal genes linked to glioblastoma and getting older.
They used Insilico’s synthetic intelligence platform, PandaOmics, to make the invention — and now, they plan to proceed researching methods to combat the illness with new medicine.
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Their findings about goal genes have been revealed on April 26 in Getting old, a peer-reviewed biomedical educational journal.
A 3rd highschool pupil, Christopher Ren from Shanghai, China, additionally contributed to the analysis.
Olsen, who attends Sevenoaks Faculty within the U.Okay., has been learning neuroscience since 2020.
Two high-school college students — Andrea Olsen, 18, from Oslo, Norway, and Zachary Harpaz, 16, from Fort Lauderdale, Florida — used Insilico Medication’s AI tech to establish genes linked to glioblastoma and getting older. (Andrea Olsen and Zach Harpaz)
She started an internship in 2021 with Insilico, the place she realized to make use of AI to uncover new genetic targets to deal with getting older and most cancers.
“It was there that I began this large investigation into glioblastoma and utilizing AI to analysis it,” she informed Fox Information Digital in an interview.
In the meantime, at Pine Crest Excessive Faculty in Fort Lauderdale, Harpaz — who had been specializing in laptop science and biology — was seeking to get into medical analysis.
“There’s positively a means to make use of synthetic intelligence to hurry up the examine.”
He selected to check glioblastoma partially as a result of a childhood pal of his had the illness.
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“I noticed how lengthy research like these take — within the lab, goal discoveries can take 5 years — and I believed to myself, ‘There’s positively a means to make use of synthetic intelligence to hurry up the examine and likewise make an impression as a excessive schooler,’” he informed Fox Information Digital.
Harpaz got here throughout Insilico Medication and reached out to the CEO, Dr. Alex Zhavoronkov, PhD, in Dubai — who related him with Olsen.
The 2 college students started collaborating on the glioblastoma challenge. Finally, they found the three new goal mind tumor genes — CNGA3, GLUD1 and SIRT1.
“I feel this is among the most vital makes use of for knowledge — sharing illnesses and making folks’s lives higher.”
“Mainly, a goal is a few driving issue for a most cancers or a distinct illness, the place should you can inhibit it or flip it on or off, you possibly can cease the most cancers development and remedy the illness,” Harpaz mentioned.
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“That’s actually superior in comparison with a standard chemotherapy, the place it assaults each fast-growing cell and is de facto damaging to different components of the physique aside from the most cancers.”
Zach Harpaz, 16, offered his findings on the Worldwide Discussion board on Analysis Excellence (IFoRE) in Alexandria, Virginia, in 2022. The 2 youngsters plan to construct on their findings with continued analysis into new medicine to combat glioblastoma. (Zach Harpaz)
The kids offered their findings on the Getting old Analysis and Drug Discovery (ARDD) convention in Copenhagen final fall.
(They’re not truly concentrating on mind tumors, however are finding issues contained in the tumors known as “targets,” that are principally areas that the medicine would hone in on.) The scholars now plan to construct on their findings with continued analysis into new medicine to combat the illness.
‘Analyzing trillions of knowledge factors’
Zhavoronkov, Insilico Medication’s CEO, defined to Fox Information Digital how the PandaOmics system makes use of generative AI to establish therapeutic targets related to any given illness.
“It finds these new illness targets by analyzing trillions of knowledge factors, together with human organic knowledge and knowledge from scientific publications, medical trials and grant purposes,” he mentioned.
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“It scores the targets on components like novelty (how distinctive is it?), druggability (can or not it’s simply drugged?) and security — so scientists know instantly which targets are greatest to pursue.”
Insilico has used the AI system to establish new targets for most cancers, fibrosis, power kidney illness and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), amongst different illnesses, Zhavoronkov mentioned.
The corporate additionally has 31 AI-designed medicine within the pipeline, together with one for COVID-19 and one other for pulmonary fibrosis.
Andrea Olsen, 18, of Norway offered her work on the Getting old Analysis & Drug Discovery Assembly in 2022 on the College of Copenhagen. Glioblastoma is among the illnesses for which researchers have the least quantity of knowledge, she mentioned. (Andrea Olsen)
‘All in regards to the knowledge’
To search out the brand new therapeutic targets, the scholars used Insilico’s AI platform to display screen knowledge from the Gene Expression Omnibus, a repository of knowledge that the Nationwide Heart for Biotechnology Data in Bethesda, Maryland, maintains.
“It’s all about knowledge,” Harpaz informed Fox Information Digital. “And I feel that is some of the vital makes use of for knowledge — sharing illnesses and making folks’s lives higher.”
Glioblastoma is among the illnesses for which researchers have the least quantity of knowledge, mentioned Olsen.
“That’s why it is so onerous to investigate and provide you with new therapies,” she mentioned.
“Due to this fact, a extremely good name to motion could be to get extra sufferers to submit their medical data in order that their genetic sequences will be analyzed to assist forestall such illnesses sooner or later.”
Connection between getting older and most cancers
Most cancers disproportionately impacts older folks.
Greater than 50% of people that have most cancers are 65 or older, in response to knowledge from the World Well being Group.
That hyperlink impressed Olsen and Harpaz to focus their efforts heading in the right direction genes for each getting older and glioblastoma.
Zach Harpaz, 16, from Florida offered his findings on the Getting old Analysis & Drug Discovery Assembly in 2022 on the College of Copenhagen. “As you age, your threat for most cancers grows, together with many various illnesses,” he informed Fox Information Digital about his work. (Zach Harpaz)
“Getting old is the main trigger for tons of illnesses like most cancers,” Harpaz mentioned.
“As you age, your threat for most cancers grows, together with many various illnesses. So if we are able to work out a option to forestall all of the unfavourable results of getting older and preserve you in your prime as you age, that might forestall numerous illnesses and enhance the standard of life typically.”
AI’s potential to rework well being care
Insilico founder Zhavoronkov mentioned he’s optimistic that AI can remodel practically each aspect of well being care and drugs.
That features illness prediction, illness identification, goal discovery and the event of recent medicine, he mentioned.
“In conventional drug discovery, it takes over 10 years and prices round $2 billion to convey one drug to market — and 90% of drug candidates fail throughout human trials,” he informed Fox Information Digital.
“This excessive value and gradual velocity is stopping new life-saving drugs from reaching sufferers.”
“I anticipate AI to play a serious function in advancing personalised drugs.”
AI is already used to assist display screen sufferers to establish illnesses, to make predictions and to watch progress, the physician mentioned.
“Ultimately, I anticipate AI to play a serious function in advancing personalised drugs, during which therapies are tailor-made to a selected affected person based mostly on their particular person profile,” he added.
‘Human scientists are important’
Though he’s optimistic about AI’s potential to enhance the velocity and high quality of well being care, Zhavoronkov acknowledges that expertise can not change people’ contributions.
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“At the same time as AI can tackle extra tedious and repetitive work, permitting us to speed up the tempo of discovery, human scientists are important,” he informed Fox Information Digital.
Andrea Olsen, 18 (far proper), attends The Longevity Discussion board on the College of Oxford in 2022. (Andrea Olsen)
“People are the true brains behind the machines.”
He additionally mentioned, “There may be numerous concern and hypothesis about AI and robots changing people, however in actuality, people are harnessing the facility of expertise to do particular duties extra rapidly and effectively, simply as we all the time have.”
“The one distinction is that with AI, the extent of complexity of the duties it could accomplish has elevated exponentially,” mentioned Zhavoronkov.
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Though Mr. Kennedy’s embrace of recovery farms may be novel, the concept stretches back almost a century. In 1935, the government opened the United States Narcotic Farm in Lexington, Ky., to research and treat addiction. Over the years, residents included Chet Baker and William S. Burroughs (who portrayed the institution in his novel, “Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict”). The program had high relapse rates and was tainted by drug experiments on human subjects. By 1975, as local treatment centers began to proliferate around the country, the program closed.
In America, therapeutic communities for addiction treatment became popular in the 1960s and ’70s. Some, like Synanon, became notorious for cultlike, abusive environments. There are now perhaps 3,000 worldwide, researchers estimate, including one that Mr. Kennedy has also praised — San Patrignano, an Italian program whose centerpiece is a highly regarded bakery, staffed by residents.
“If we do go down the road of large government-funded therapeutic communities, I’d want to see some oversight to ensure they live up to modern standards,” said Dr. Sabet, who is now president of the Foundation for Drug Policy Solutions. “We should get rid of the false dichotomy, too, between these approaches and medications, since we know they can work together for some people.”
Should Mr. Kennedy be confirmed, his authority to establish healing farms would be uncertain. Building federal treatment farms in “depressed rural areas,” as he said in his documentary, presumably on public land, would hit political and legal roadblocks. Fully legalizing and taxing cannabis to pay for the farms would require congressional action.
In the concluding moments of the documentary, Mr. Kennedy invoked Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist whose views on spirituality influenced Alcoholics Anonymous. Dr. Jung, he said, felt that “people who believed in God got better faster and that their recovery was more durable and enduring than people who didn’t.”
The debate about the benefits and risks of fluoride is ongoing, as RFK Jr. — incoming President Trump’s pick for HHS secretary — pushes to remove it from the U.S. water supply.
“Fluoride is an industrial waste associated with arthritis, bone fractures, bone cancer, IQ loss, neurodevelopmental disorders and thyroid disease,” RFK wrote in a post on X in November.
A new study published in JAMA Pediatrics on Jan. 6 found another correlation between fluoride exposure and children’s IQs.
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Study co-author Kyla Taylor, PhD, who is based in North Carolina, noted that fluoridated water has been used “for decades” to reduce dental cavities and improve oral health.
Fluoride exposure has been linked to a variety of negative health effects, yet benefits oral health. (iStock)
“However, there is concern that pregnant women and children are getting fluoride from many sources, including drinking water, water-added foods and beverages, teas, toothpaste, floss and mouthwash, and that their total fluoride exposure is too high and may affect fetal, infant and child neurodevelopment,” she told Fox News Digital.
The new research, led by scientists at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), analyzed 74 epidemiological studies on children’s IQ and fluoride exposure.
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The studies measured fluoride in drinking water and urine across 10 countries, including Canada, China, Denmark, India, Iran, Mexico, Pakistan, New Zealand, Spain and Taiwan. (None were conducted in the U.S.)
The meta-analysis found a “statistically significant association” between higher fluoride exposure and lower children’s IQ scores, according to Taylor.
“[It showed] that the more fluoride a child is exposed to, the more likely that child’s IQ will be lower than if they were not exposed,” she said.
Scientists found a “statistically significant association” between higher fluoride exposure and lower children’s IQ scores. (iStock)
These results were consistent with six previous meta-analyses, all of which reported the same “statistically significant inverse associations” between fluoride exposure and children’s IQs, Taylor emphasized.
The research found that for every 1mg/L increase in urinary fluoride, there was a 1.63-point decrease in IQ.
‘Safe’ exposure levels
The World Health Organization (WHO) has established 1.5mg/L as the “upper safe limit” of fluoride in drinking water.
“There is concern that pregnant women and children are getting fluoride from many sources.”
Meanwhile, the U.S. Public Health Service recommends a fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L in drinking water.
“There was not enough data to determine if 0.7 mg/L of fluoride exposure in drinking water affected children’s IQs,” Taylor noted.
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Higher levels of the chemical can be found in wells and community water serving nearly three million people in the U.S., the researcher noted.
She encouraged pregnant women and parents of small children to be mindful of their total fluoride intake.
Nearly three million people have access to wells and community water with fluoride levels above the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. (iStock)
“If their water is fluoridated, they may wish to replace tap water with low-fluoride bottled water, like purified water, and limit exposure from other sources, such as dental products or black tea,” she said.
“Parents can use low-fluoride bottled water to mix with powdered infant formula and limit use of fluoridated toothpaste by young children.”
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While the research did not intend to address broader public health implications of water fluoridation in the U.S., Taylor suggested that the findings could help inform future research into the impact of fluoride on children’s health.
Dental health expert shares cautions
In response to this study and other previous research, Dr. Ellie Phillips, DDS, an oral health educator based in Austin, Texas, told Fox News Digital that she does not support water fluoridation.
The study researcher encouraged parents of small children to be mindful of their total fluoride intake. (iStock)
“I join those who vehemently oppose public water fluoridation, and I question why our water supplies are still fluoridated in the 21st century,” she wrote in an email.
“There are non-fluoridated cities and countries where the public enjoy high levels of oral health, which in some cases appear better than those that are fluoridated.”
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Phillips called the fluoride debate “confusing” even among dentists, as the American Dental Association (ADA) advocates for fluoride use for cavity prevention through water fluoridation, toothpaste and mouthwash — “sometimes in high concentrations.”
Fluoride is used in water, toothpaste and mouthwash to help prevent cavities. (iStock)
“[But] biologic (holistic) dentists generally encourage their patients to fear fluoride and avoid its use entirely, even if their teeth are ravaged by tooth decay,” she said.
“Topical fluoride is beneficial, while systemic consumption poses risks.”
Phillips encouraged the public to consider varying fluoride compounds, the effect of different concentrations and the “extreme difference” between applying fluoride topically and ingesting it.
“Topical fluoride is beneficial, while systemic consumption poses risks,” she cautioned.
“Individuals must take charge of their own oral health using natural and informed strategies.”
The study received funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Intramural Research Program.
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