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Fed minutes reveal lively September debate about whether first rate cut should be big or small

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Fed minutes reveal lively September debate about whether first rate cut should be big or small

There was a divide within the Federal Reserve about whether its first interest rate cut in more than four years should be big or small, according to minutes from the central bank’s September meeting released Wednesday.

A “substantial majority” of Fed officials supported lowering rates by 50 basis points at the last meeting, but “some” would have preferred to have lowered by 25 basis points and “a few others indicated that they could have supported such a decision,” the minutes read.

Those who argued for a 25 basis point reduction noted that inflation was still somewhat elevated, while economic growth was strong and unemployment low.

Several said a smaller cut would line up more with a gradual reduction in the policy rate that would be more predictable and allow more time to assess any impacts on the economy.

Those who argued for a jumbo-sized cut said a 50 basis point move would help sustain strength in the economy and the job market while continuing to bring down inflation.

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Some even said there had been a case for a 25 basis point rate cut at the previous meeting in July, and that recent data offered even more evidence that inflation continues to drop while the labor market cools.

Some of this internal division at the Fed was made public on Sept. 18 as the decision to cut by 50 basis points was announced, with Fed governor Michelle Bowman dissenting and saying she preferred 25 basis points.

No Fed official has voted against a policy decision in two years, matching one of the longest such streaks in the past half-century. Moreover, no Fed governor has dissented on a rate decision since 2005.

The Fed’s rate-setting committee was also almost evenly split on the number of additional rate cuts expected this year, with seven policymakers favoring one additional 25 basis point rate cut before year-end and nine members favoring 50 basis points of additional easing. Two policymakers expected no more rate cuts.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell, in a press conference with reporters last month, acknowledged the dissent but also said there was “broad support” for the cut and a “lot of common ground” among his fellow policymakers.

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Il presidente della Federal Reserve Jerome Powell tiene una conferenza stampa dopo una riunione di due giorni del Federal Open Market Committee a Washington, Stati Uniti, 18 settembre 2024. REUTERS/Tom Brenner

Fed Chair Jerome Powell, at last month’s press conference. (REUTERS/Tom Brenner) (Reuters / Reuters)

In the week since the decision, several policymakers have offered public support for a jumbo rate cut of 50 basis points, citing progress on inflation and a cooling job market.

Atlanta Fed president Raphael Bostic has said that residual concerns might have led him to trim by a smaller 25 basis points at the September policy meeting, but that would have ignored a recent cooling in the job market.

Minneapolis Fed president Neel Kashkari said he voted in favor of cutting by 50 basis points because “the balance of risks has shifted away from higher inflation and toward the risk of a further weakening of the labor market, warranting a lower federal funds rate.”

Chicago Fed president Austan Goolsbee also said he was “comfortable” with a 50 basis point cut, viewing it “as a demarcation” that the central bank is now back to thinking as much about achieving maximum employment as it is price stability.

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But a stronger-than-expected jobs report released last week now has analysts wondering whether the central bank will curtail rate cuts or if it moved too quickly with a 50 basis point reduction. There are also worries that inflation could be re-elevated as a concern.

Fed officials will get a fresh reading on inflation Thursday when the Consumer Price Index is due out. That measure is expected to keep in line with what officials want to see.

Economists expect core inflation — which eliminates volatile food and energy prices the Fed can’t control — held steady on an annual basis in September at 3.2% from the same level in August. Month over month, CPI is expected to have grown by 0.2%, compared with 0.3% in August.

Some Fed officials are urging a gradual path to cuts as they look to balance downside risks to unemployment with continuing to bring down inflation.

Dallas Fed president Lorie Logan became the latest official to voice that view on Wednesday, saying in a speech that “a more gradual path back to a normal policy stance will likely be appropriate from here to best balance the risks to our dual-mandate goals.”

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Powell made it clear in remarks on Sept. 30 that the central bank isn’t in a “hurry” to bring interest rates down and would prefer smaller cuts.

He also reiterated that the consensus of Fed officials outlined at the September meeting was for two more 25 basis point rate cuts this year, saying, “it wouldn’t mean more fifties.”

Other officials, including New York Fed President John Williams, St. Louis Fed president Alberto Musalem, and Chicago Fed president Austan Goolsbee, all have said recently they favor bringing interest rates lower “over time.”

At the September meeting, according to the minutes, officials said it’s important to communicate that lowering rates should not be interpreted to mean the Fed believes the economic outlook has soured or that the Fed will lower rates more rapidly than the path laid out.

“Some participants emphasized that reducing policy restraint too late or too little could risk unduly weakening economic activity and employment. A few participants highlighted in particular the costs and challenges of addressing such a weakening once it is fully under way,” the minutes read.

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Almost all participants saw upside risks to the inflation outlook as having diminished, while downside risks to employment were seen as having increased.

While Fed officials generally viewed the job market as solid, some said that the recent pace of job increases had fallen short of what was required to keep the unemployment rate stable on a sustained basis, assuming a constant labor force participation rate.

Many said that evaluating the job market had been challenging, with increased immigration, revisions to reported payroll data, and possible changes in the underlying growth rate of productivity.

Several participants emphasized the importance of continuing to use disaggregated data or information provided by business contacts as a check on readings on labor market conditions obtained from aggregate data.

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Dividend Stability and Regional Strength: The Case for Truist Financial (TFC)

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Dividend Stability and Regional Strength: The Case for Truist Financial (TFC)

Truist Financial Corporation (NYSE:TFC) is included among the 11 Best Bank Dividend Stocks to Buy.

Dividend Stability and Regional Strength: The Case for Truist Financial (TFC)

Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash

Truist Financial Corporation (NYSE:TFC) is a prominent American commercial bank with a strong footprint in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. Ranking among the top ten banks in the country, it enjoys a solid market position in high-growth states like Florida and Georgia. Recently, the bank has prioritized digital innovation and technology development to improve service delivery and remain competitive against fintech firms.

Regulatory compliance remains a key focus for Truist Financial Corporation (NYSE:TFC), as it operates under enhanced prudential standards and capital requirements as a Category III banking organization. Adhering to these standards is essential for sustaining its operations and long-term strategies. At the same time, Truist’s disciplined approach to capital management allows it to maintain financial stability while pursuing strategic growth opportunities, including potential mergers and acquisitions.

Truist Financial Corporation (NYSE:TFC) is also popular among investors because of its dividend policy. The company has been making regular payments to shareholders since 1997. Currently, it offers a quarterly dividend of $0.52 per share and has a dividend yield of 4.53%, as of September 24.

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While we acknowledge the potential of TFC as an investment, we believe certain AI stocks offer greater upside potential and carry less downside risk. If you’re looking for an extremely undervalued AI stock that also stands to benefit significantly from Trump-era tariffs and the onshoring trend, see our free report on the best short-term AI stock.

EAD NEXT: 12 Best Stocks to Buy Now for Passive Income and 12 Best Retail Dividend Stocks to Buy Now

Disclosure: None.

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Financing opportunity: Q&A with Harold Pettigrew on the future of the CDFI Sector – Kresge Foundation

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Financing opportunity: Q&A with Harold Pettigrew on the future of the CDFI Sector – Kresge Foundation

As the community finance field enters a new era—shaped by economic uncertainty, shifting capital flows, and growing calls for accountability—how can CDFIs prepare for what’s ahead? The Kresge Foundation spoke with Harold Pettigrew, the president and CEO of the Opportunity Finance Network (OFN) to help answer that questionThis article is part of a series highlighting the impact of CDFIs and how the sector is adapting to the current environment. 

MD: CDFIs play a unique role in our financial ecosystem, often serving communities that mainstream banks overlook. Why are CDFIs so critical for advancing economic growth and creating opportunities in underserved communities?

HP: In every corner of America, CDFIs show that impact and financial performance aren’t at odds—they reinforce each other. We address market gaps and go where traditional capital doesn’t: listening first, solving for need, and providing capital to people and financing projects that strengthen families and communities. Whether it’s a small business on Main Street or a housing development in a rural town, CDFIs make investments that build wealth and create opportunities that reach people and communities that need it most. 

MD: CDFIs seem to have broad support in Congress, even when some administrations have looked to reduce funding or support. Is bipartisan support materially different today? What role has OFN played in telling the CDFI story and maintaining that support?

HP: Bipartisan support for CDFIs remains strong because our work cuts across political divides — we’re about creating jobs, building businesses and revitalizing communities. What’s different today is the urgency and scale of the need, and the growing recognition that CDFIs are essential partners in solving some of our nation’s toughest challenges. OFN and CDFIs tell real stories of impact—stories of people across the country whose lives and livelihoods have changed thanks to the capital provided by CDFIs. Through advocacy, research, and direct engagement with policymakers, we’ve elevated a clear, consistent message: For over 30 years, CDFIs have delivered results addressing market gaps in providing access to capital to communities across the country.  

MD: Beyond federal funding concerns, what are the current challenges and needs CDFIs are facing in their day-to-day efforts to support communities?

HP: CDFIs are navigating a complex economic environment— rising interest rates, tighter capital markets, and growing community needs are stretching our resources like never before. Many CDFIs are being asked to do more with less, while also investing in their own operations to scale effectively and sustainably. OFN is working to develop diverse pools of flexible capital, make deeper investments in talent and technology, and new policy frameworks that support and recognize the unique value CDFIs bring. The demand is clear —  what’s needed now is bold investments to meet the moment and craft new solutions for the future. 

MD: Philanthropies and community development departments of banks and insurance companies have always been crucial partners for CDFIs — how can they best support and invest in CDFIs right now?

HP: Our partners in philanthropy and financial services have been critical to the success of CDFIs, and now they have a critical opportunity to strengthen the CDFI industry for the future. That means moving beyond transactional grantmaking to long-term, trust-based partnerships. It means offering flexible, risk-tolerant capital that lets CDFIs innovate and expand, and it means investing in the infrastructure — people, systems, data — that helps us operate at scale.

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MD: What keeps you optimistic about the future of the CDFI sector?

HP: What keeps me optimistic is the impact and commitment I see every day, from the entrepreneurs we finance, to the communities we serve, to the CDFI leaders innovating with courage and conviction. The sector is growing, diversifying and deepening its impact. We’re not just responding to the moment — we’re helping define the future of expanded access to finance and financial services. And with every new loan, every new partnership, every life changed, we’re proving that when we expand access to opportunity — we don’t just finance projects, we shape the future of communities across the country.  

Harold Pettigrew is the President and CEO of Opportunity Finance Network (OFN) 

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Reimagining Finance: Derek Kudsee on Coda’s AI-Powered Future

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Reimagining Finance: Derek Kudsee on Coda’s AI-Powered Future

Derek Kudsee is a veteran of the enterprise software industry, with senior leadership roles at industry giants such as SAP, Salesforce, and Microsoft under his belt. So, when he took the helm as the new Managing Director for Unit4 Financials by Coda, ERP Today sat down with Kudsee to discuss his vision for Coda, the promise of agentic AI to make work feel lighter for finance teams, and his mission to transform the classic system of record into a dynamic system of intelligence for the Office of the CFO.

What was it about the opportunity at Unit4, and specifically the challenge of modernizing Coda, that convinced you to take this role? 

A rare combination of having a deeply trusted platform and a clear opportunity to reimagine the finance function drew me to Unit4, and specifically the Coda business. Some of the largest enterprise customers have been running on this platform for decades. I’ve been brought in to help these finance teams run more efficiently and provide greater insight through agent-driven automation. We live in a world where technology has converged in our consumer and professional lives. Therefore, modernization is not only about addressing complex systems, but also about enhancing the user experience. This combination of running a deeply trusted platform, reimagining its capabilities in an AI-driven world, and modernizing the user experience was attractive. 

Unit4 Financials by Coda’s goal is to deliver an “AI-fueled office for the CFO” using agentic AI. How will a finance team using Coda experience this in their day-to-day work? 

When one thinks of an AI-fueled Office of the CFO, it’s about having agents deep inside those finance processes that will suggest, explain, and act within guardrails that finance teams can set. The work should feel like the machine is performing tasks that were previously done manually or laboriously. 

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A simple example is in an accounts payable department. An agent can automate everything from invoice capture using AI-driven OCR, verify that the invoices are within policy, queue them for approval, send them to the respective individuals, and flag exceptions along the way. Users can see how the work feels lighter because the machine handles everything from capture to the final stage, including payment release. 

How do the AI functionalities offered by Coda differ from what competitors are offering right now? 

Many vendors today have a finance module. However, we aim to be the best standalone financial management system, not a generic suite. We’re not trying to be finance because we want to sell an HR or CRM system. That means we need to embed intelligence deeply within the finance processes so that the software acts, takes action, and performs activities for the finance function. For that, the agentic AI needs to operate with autonomy, understand financial context, and learn from user behavior. 

Moreover, fundamentally, Coda has always been built on a unified financial model. We’ve never had Accounts Payable separate from Accounts Receivable that needed to be consolidated. Our AI works on clean, structured data from day one, and that’s the foundation for accuracy. We don’t need to chase hype to incorporate AI. We’re going to redefine the finance function with AI at its core. 

How do you plan to balance the introduction of these cutting-edge innovations without disrupting the core stability that Coda is known for? 

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The safest way to modernize finance is to add certainty around the core, rather than disrupting it. Our core is why customers have been running Coda for 20-30 years. Thus, stability is not a nice-to-have; it’s non-negotiable. Our customers run mission-critical processes, and that trust is sacred to us. Therefore, every innovation we deliver, whether it’s UX modernization or AI, will be built on one simple principle: if it compromises stability, we don’t build it. We don’t ship it. 

With that rock-solid foundation in place, we can layer intelligence and usability on top. While some software providers are still determining the stability of their platform, we can offer customers the best of both worlds. They’ll have the reliability they’ve counted on for decades, and now we bring them the innovation they need to stay ahead. 

What This Means for ERP Insiders 

Your biggest enemy is decision latency. According to Kudsee, the primary challenge for modern finance is the gap between a business event occurring and the ability to respond intelligently. This decision latency, caused by fragmented data, batch processes, and manual workarounds that are standard in traditional ERP environments, prevents finance from being a proactive and strategic partner. Coda’s goal is to shrink that gap from weeks or days to near-real-time. 

Shift the ERP mindset from system of record to system of intelligence. For decades, the primary function of ERP finance modules has been to record transactions accurately. This is no longer sufficient, as Kudsee notes. A modern financial platform must function as a system of intelligence that not only records data but also analyzes, predicts, and automates actions within core financial processes, effectively acting as the intelligent brain of the CFO’s office. 

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Prioritize financial depth over suite breadth. Kudsee suggests that the single ERP for everything strategy can result in a finance module that is a jack-of-all-trades but master of none. The alternative approach is to prioritize depth and best-in-class functionality for the critical finance function. Instead of settling for the generic finance module within a larger suite, consider how a dedicated platform like Unit4 Financials for Coda, focused on deep financial control, insight, and automation, can deliver more agility and tackle core challenges, such as decision latency, more effectively. 

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