WASHINGTON — A divided Home on Friday accredited laws that may mandate that faculties make library catalogs and curriculums public, and that they receive parental consent earlier than honoring a pupil’s request to vary their gender-identifying pronouns, a part of a Republican effort to wring political benefit from a raging debate over contentious social points.

The invoice, accredited virtually completely alongside get together traces on a vote of 213 to 208, is a centerpiece of the Republican agenda that its sponsors name the Mother and father Invoice of Rights Act. It has no likelihood of passing the Democratic-controlled Senate or being signed by President Biden, whose advisers say it endangers transgender kids with out really supporting mother and father.

Its passage mirrored the most recent bid by Home Republicans to concentrate on subjects that animate the right-wing base by selling what they forged as commonsense modifications that might enchantment to voters throughout the ideological spectrum. Republican proponents describe the invoice as a measure “to make sure the rights of fogeys are honored and guarded within the nation’s public faculties,” and argue that the objective is to offer college students one of the best studying expertise doable.

“Sending a baby to public college doesn’t terminate parental rights on the door,” mentioned Consultant Erin Houchin, Republican of Indiana. “It offers energy again to folks.”

Democrats argue as a substitute that the invoice may create a authorized foundation for censorship in faculties and guide bans, and would create divisions based mostly on sexual orientation and gender identification. Throughout debate on the Home ground this week, some Democrats dubbed the laws the “Politics Over Mother and father Act,” calling it excessive and a automobile to deliver political battles over social points into school rooms whereas making an attempt to codify parental rights that exist already.

“This invoice doesn’t give mother and father any extra rights than they have already got,” mentioned Consultant Mary Homosexual Scanlon, Democrat of Pennsylvania. As a substitute, she mentioned, it offered a “one measurement matches all method throughout the nation, assuming the dimensions that matches is a proper wing straight jacket.”

Debate over the measure grew heated as Republicans and Democrats argued over its implications, treading fastidiously round a number of the most fraught and emotional points that kids and fogeys face.

For Republicans, a lot of whom have opposed transgender rights altogether, it was a possibility to focus on fears that many mother and father have publicly expressed about how faculties deal with gender points, and to answer broader fears amongst their conservative supporters about progressive indoctrination whereas offering momentum to states which might be passing related payments.

In emotional speeches on the Home ground, Democrats mentioned that hidden below the seemingly innocuous language of the 30-page invoice had been politics that may imperil L.G.B.T. kids. And so they warned that such laws would make it simpler for right-wing teams to wage campaigns towards books they wished banned, probably saddling college boards with lawsuits if they didn’t comply.

The invoice would require faculties to alert mother and father if a pupil wished to vary his or her pronouns, or wished to vary the toilet or locker room that she or he used at college. If a faculty didn’t receive parental consent for such modifications, it may lose federal funding. Consultant Lauren Boebert, Republican of Colorado, gained inclusion of an modification that required faculties to alert mother and father if a pupil whose organic intercourse is male participated in a sport designated for girls and ladies.

Consultant Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Democrat of New York, mentioned the impact could be to “require faculties to out trans, nonbinary and L.G.B.T. youth, even when it could put mentioned youth in hurt’s means.” She added that “for thus many kids of abuse, college is their solely protected place to be.”

Consultant Mark Takano, Democrat of California and a former instructor, shared his personal experiences of kids dealing with extreme punishment at dwelling after academics outed college students to folks.

“When a house just isn’t protected for L.G.B.T. children, faculties turns into their protected place,” he mentioned, noting that the invoice would push “good academics to do unhealthy issues” and power “children again into the closet. It’s a basic invasion of privateness that places kids in peril.”

Republicans, in response, insisted that the invoice would do no such factor.

“It doesn’t power any instructor to disclose non-public conversations or any dialog about sexual orientation,” mentioned Consultant Virginia Foxx, Republican of North Carolina.

She mentioned it could merely require a faculty to alert the mother and father if a pupil wished to vary his or her pronouns or wished to make use of a toilet or locker room designated for a distinct intercourse.

Lots of the arguments in favor of the invoice had been couched as criticism of academics’ unions, which Republicans argued had been improperly urgent their very own agenda on the expense of fogeys. Ms. Foxx mentioned that they had “labored to push progressive politics in school rooms whereas preserving mother and father at the hours of darkness.”

Republicans first seized on the problem of progressive politics ostensibly working rampant in public faculties in 2021, after former Gov. Terry McAuliffe of Virginia, a Democrat, mentioned throughout a marketing campaign for his outdated submit in a particular election: “I don’t assume mother and father ought to be telling faculties what they need to train.”

His Republican rival, Glenn Youngkin, seized on the comment and used the problem — which resonated with some mother and father who had been offended about the way in which faculties responded to the pandemic — to propel himself to victory, successful the governorship later that 12 months.

The difficulty has change into a potent one for Republicans in different states as effectively. In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis pushed via the “Parental Rights in Training” Act, which has led to the banning of books like “And Tango Makes Three,” an award-winning kids’s guide concerning the true story of a same-sex penguin couple. This week, his administration moved to develop a controversial coverage that forbids classroom instruction on sexual orientation and gender identification, by searching for to develop it to all grades.

On Capitol Hill, Republicans defended their invoice as a easy piece of laws that may assist present one of the best studying experiences for college kids, mandate two parent-teacher conferences yearly and power faculties to submit their budgets and curriculum in public.

“They’re afraid of fogeys having the ability to are available,” Consultant Chip Roy, Republican of Texas, mentioned of the Democratic opposition. “They’re afraid of the sunshine going into the classroom.”

Over three days of debate, in committees and on the Home ground, as they defended themselves towards Democratic assaults, Republicans mentioned they weren’t proponents of banning books.

Mr. Roy mentioned that “no person needs to tug books about Rosa Parks.” However he singled out “Flamer,” a graphic novel about a teen struggling along with his identification as a Catholic and a Boy Scout who’s coming to phrases with the truth that he’s homosexual. Mr. Roy described it as a “graphic guide about younger boys performing sexual acts at a summer season camp” and mentioned it was the sort of guide that didn’t belong in public faculties.

In response, Democrats famous that the American Library Affiliation opposes the laws, deeming it a catalyst for extra guide banning and censorship, and mentioned that was one of many core objectives of the laws.

“It’s about banning books,” mentioned Consultant Jim McGovern, Democrat of Massachusetts. “This invoice goes to be weaponized by far proper teams and used to threaten faculties with authorized motion in the event that they don’t pull books off the cabinets. They wish to ban books about Black and Brown folks and so they wish to ban books about L.G.B.T.Q.I.+ folks.”

Ms. Scanlon known as the laws a “gorgeous act of federal overreach that may basically nationalize our training system.” And she or he famous that the libertarian Cato Institute expressed reservations concerning the laws, claiming that the invoice “suffers from a basic flaw: It isn’t constitutional.”

5 Republicans voted towards the invoice: Representatives Andy Biggs of Arizona, Ken Buck of Colorado, Matt Gaetz of Florida, Mike Lawler of New York and Matt Rosendale of Montana. Republicans maintain a four-seat majority within the Home, however the invoice was in a position to move regardless of the defections due to Democratic absences.

The White Home mentioned in an announcement of administration coverage that it didn’t help the invoice as a result of “the invoice doesn’t really assist mother and father help their kids at college” whereas placing homosexual, lesbian and transgender college students at larger danger.