Connect with us

Culture

QB future for all 32 NFL teams: Russell Wilson, Aaron Rodgers and other intriguing questions

Published

on

QB future for all 32 NFL teams: Russell Wilson, Aaron Rodgers and other intriguing questions

Russell Wilson playing for a new contract with the Pittsburgh Steelers ranks among the top quarterback storylines heading into the 2024 NFL season’s final weeks. There are many others of interest, which makes this a good time to check in on all 32 quarterback situations.

As I usually do this time of year, I’ve grouped all 32 quarterbacks into buckets based on how their teams should feel about them, from “Committed Without Reservation” at one end to “We’re Looking For A Way Out” at the other.

The New York Giants’ current starter (Drew Lock) is not listed, but their former one (Daniel Jones) does appear. I’ve included contract duration and salary rank, along with where each ranks in EPA per pass play among the 40 quarterbacks with at least 100 pass attempts this season.

1. Committed Without Reservation

We have top-five QBs in their primes, signed to long-term contracts.

Patrick Mahomes, Kansas City Chiefs

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2031 | APY Rank: 12 | QB EPA Rank: 10/40

There’s been an interesting statistical tradeoff for Mahomes in recent weeks. After tossing eight touchdown passes with nine interceptions in the first seven games, the TD-INT ratio has flipped to 11-2 in five subsequent games. His sack rate has also jumped from 5.1 percent to 9.0 percent, while his rate of passes gaining more than 15 yards has dropped. Not that any of these things affect how the Chiefs feel about their quarterback, who leads the league in fourth-quarter comebacks (four) and game-winning drives (six), per Pro Football Reference.

Josh Allen, Buffalo Bills

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 14 | QB EPA Rank: 4/40

Allen has become the betting favorite for MVP honors in recent weeks and is everything the Bills hoped they were getting when they traded up to draft him in 2018. His sack rate has fallen and his explosive pass rate has risen across all three offensive coordinators during his seven seasons.

Advertisement

GO DEEPER

Josh Allen, Saquon Barkley, Lamar Jackson and a sizzling MVP race: Sando’s Pick Six

Lamar Jackson, Baltimore Ravens

Signed thru: 2027 | APY Rank: 8 | QB EPA Rank: 1/40

The Ravens are winning the big bet they made on Jackson when they signed him to an extension before the 2023 season. Jackson’s production, in decline before he signed the deal, has reached new highs. He has 41 more total touchdowns than turnovers since signing the deal, tied with Allen for the best differential in the league. Jackson ranked 21st (+13) across the 2021-22 seasons.

Advertisement

Joe Burrow, Cincinnati Bengals

Signed thru: 2029 | APY Rank: 4 | QB EPA Rank: 6/40

Burrow passed for 820 yards with nine touchdowns and one interception in 41-38 and 35-34 defeats to Baltimore this season, capturing the essence of this Bengals season. Cincinnati ranks fifth in offensive EPA per play but only 30th on the defensive side. That is the largest differential between offensive and defensive rankings through Week 13. The other teams with similar disparities include the 8-5 Ravens (-24), 8-5 Commanders (-24) and 6-6 Buccaneers (-23).

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

QB Betrayal Index: Lamar Jackson acing his toughest test; Justin Herbert finally gets a break

Justin Herbert, Los Angeles Chargers

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2029 | APY Rank: 7 | QB EPA Rank: 21/40

Herbert was fifth in Quarterback Tiers voting before the 2023 and 2024 seasons despite slipping from Tier 1 to Tier 2 entering 2024. He’s throwing fewer passes and taking more sacks for a team that is winning on defense. It’s difficult to imagine coach Jim Harbaugh straying too far from his run-heavy philosophy.

2. Committed And Hoping The Sky Is The Limit

We think our young QBs can become stars (and there’s some evidence to prove we are right).

Jordan Love, Green Bay Packers

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 3 | QB EPA Rank: 13/40

Comparing Love to predecessor Aaron Rodgers would seem unfair if Love weren’t starting his career with similar production.

Rodgers through 27 starts: 64 percent completions, 7.8 yards per attempt, 50 touchdown passes, 18 interceptions

Love through 27 starts: 63 percent completions, 7.4 yards per attempt, 51 touchdown passes, 23 interceptions

The main differences: Rodgers added more EPA on scrambles and lost more EPA on sacks, while Love has lost more on interceptions.

Advertisement

C.J. Stroud, Houston Texans

Signed thru: 2026 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 26 | QB EPA Rank: 25/40

To what degree does Stroud’s decline in production from his rookie season reflect a weakened offensive line and injuries at receiver?

That will be a key question heading into next season for the 2023 Offensive Rookie of the Year.

3. Committed And Content

We have veteran quarterbacks signed for the long term and are happy with the situation.

Advertisement

Jared Goff, Detroit Lions

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 6 | QB EPA Rank: 3/40

Goff is proving to be a great good-team quarterback.

Now in his fourth season with Detroit, Goff is replicating his 2018 Super Bowl season with the Rams through 12 games, except he’s throwing the ball less frequently and throwing it shorter, which means a higher completion rate and fewer explosive gains.

Everything else is about the same: the won-lost record (11-1 both years), the passer rating (109.9 then, 109.0 now) and the elevated yards per attempt (9.1 then, 8.8 now).

Advertisement

Jalen Hurts, Philadelphia Eagles

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 9 | QB EPA Rank: 12/40

The Eagles are 31-4 through the first 12 games of the past three seasons with Hurts in the lineup. The big difference this season is how much more Philadelphia is leaning on its defense and ground game, led by Saquon Barkley.

Hurts, in his first season with offensive coordinator Kellen Moore, has attempted 304 passes during the 10-2 start this season, down from 403 during the team’s 10-2 start last season. That’s a drop from 33.5 attempts per game to 25.3 per game.

Kyler Murray, Arizona Cardinals

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 10 | QB EPA Rank: 14/40

Murray seems to have matured and is no longer defined by the “homework clause” Arizona put into (and later removed from) the contract extension he signed in July 2022.

After missing parts of the past two seasons with a torn ACL, he has started the first 12 games of a season for the first time since 2020, his second year in the league.

One big difference from then to now: He averaged a career-high 7.6 rushes and scrambles per game then, compared to a career-low 3.9 this season. While he leads the league in ESPN’s Total QBR metric, teams are blitzing Murray much more effectively than in recent seasons.

Dak Prescott, Dallas Cowboys

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 1 | QB EPA Rank: 28/40

The Cowboys have had a winning record six times in seven seasons when Prescott started at least half the games and never had a losing season (they were 8-8 in 2019). But the team fell off in 2024, Prescott suffered a season-ending hamstring injury and his new contract is set to count $89 million against the cap in 2025 — his age-32 season — making the future look murkier.

Baker Mayfield, Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Signed thru: 2026 | APY Rank: 18 | QB EPA Rank: 11/40

Mayfield has found a home in Tampa and is providing a solid return on the Buccaneers’ three-year, $100 million investment in him. Since joining Tampa Bay last season, he ranks 10th in EPA per pass play and is tied with the Ravens’ Jackson for the league lead in touchdown passes (53).

Advertisement

The Buccaneers have a mediocre record this season (6-6) because the defense ranks 29th in EPA per play. Mayfield has posted career-high totals through 12 games for passing yards (3,034), passing touchdowns (25), passer rating (101.3) and EPA per pass play (0.11). He’s done it for an offense that ranks fifth in points per game (27.2) and sixth in EPA per play.

4. Committed And Content, With No Guarantees

We like our QBs and have them signed beyond this season to deals containing little or no more guaranteed money. This gives us more flexibility to consider our options.

Matthew Stafford, Los Angeles Rams

Signed thru: 2026 | APY Rank: 15 | QB EPA Rank: 17/40

When Stafford sought a new contract last offseason, the Rams gave him $40 million fully guaranteed, with only $4 million in guarantees after this season. That gives the team greater flexibility to move on from Stafford if some combination of age/injury/performance leads the Rams to consider other options. Stafford remains the best option now. His three game-winning drives are his most since having four in 2021.

Advertisement

Geno Smith, Seattle Seahawks

Signed thru: 2025 | APY Rank: 19 | QB EPA Rank: 23/40

The way this Seahawks season has played out under new offensive coordinator Ryan Grubb, with the team skewing heavily toward the pass and Kenneth Walker III ranking 30th among running backs in rush yards, the focus could fall more on the overall approach than it falls on the person taking snaps from center.

Whatever the case, Smith remains under contract for 2025 under terms favorable to the team, as his $24.8 million in compensation is not guaranteed. That gives the Seahawks flexibility if they decide to consider other options.

Smith had 30 touchdown passes with 11 interceptions in his first season as the Seahawks’ starter (2022). He has 13 and 12, respectively, for an offense that has struggled to find consistency so far this season.

Advertisement

5. Committed With Concerns

We signed our QB to an expensive long-term extension but can’t feel great about it, for different reasons.

Tua Tagovailoa, Miami Dolphins

Signed thru: 2028 | APY Rank: 5 | QB EPA Rank: 2/40

The Dolphins struggled to function when Tagovailoa was not available to them, pushing back against perceptions that the quarterback was mostly a product of coach Mike McDaniel’s scheme and the team’s elite weaponry.

The team has averaged 0.09 EPA per play on offense with Tagovailoa, compared with -0.32 per play without him. That is the difference between being a top-five offense this season and being more than twice as bad as the last-ranked one (Cleveland at -0.15).

Advertisement

Tagovailoa and the Dolphins paid a heavy price for learning more about the quarterback’s value. The concussion he suffered against Buffalo in Week 2 spurred another round of questions about his long-term health and viability as a quarterback.

Trevor Lawrence, Jacksonville Jaguars

Signed thru: 2030 | APY Rank: 2 | QB EPA Rank: 27/40

There’s little evidence Lawrence can overcome tough situations, or that the Jaguars can help him enough to ensure success, but the team still entered into a $275 million extension with him before the season, when there was no looming deadline to do so.

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

The Jaguars overestimated themselves. Did they overestimate Trevor Lawrence, too?

Advertisement

Here’s where Lawrence ranks in EPA per pass play: 25th since 2021, 20th since 2022, 25th since 2023 and 24th this season. He’ll likely remain among the top five in average annual salary for years to come. Can he close the gap?

6. Committed Until No Longer Committed

Our veteran starters could be on the way out, for different reasons.

Derek Carr, New Orleans Saints

Signed thru: 2026 | APY Rank: 16 | QB EPA Rank: 9/40

The Saints’ next coach will likely help decide what course the team follows at quarterback after this season. Releasing Carr could be difficult given the team’s salary-cap situation, but all options would seem to be on the table as the club sets a new course. Designating him a post-June 1 release would make the most sense if the Saints decide to cut ties.

Advertisement

Kirk Cousins, Atlanta Falcons

Signed thru: 2027 | APY Rank: 13 | QB EPA Rank: 16/40

Cousins could be running out of chances to reverse a recent slide in production. How long before first-round rookie Michael Penix Jr. becomes the best option? It seems fitting that this career crossroads has Cousins returning to Minnesota against his former team in Week 14. Here’s hoping Vikings coach Kevin O’Connell is miked up during pregame, at least.

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

Falcons sticking with, and standing up for, Kirk Cousins after ugly day in Atlanta


How long before Penix takes over from Cousins as the Falcons’ starter? (Kevin Sabitus / Associated Press)

Aaron Rodgers, New York Jets

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2025 | APY Rank: 17 | QB EPA Rank: 29/40

Rodgers’ contract has a $35 million option for 2025. It’s difficult to see the Jets exercising it when a franchise refresh seems appropriate and Rodgers, who just turned 41, has lost athleticism.

As disappointing as this Jets season has been from a quarterback standpoint, this might be worse: The team’s 88.2 passer rating is its second-best through 12 games since 2008.

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

Jets owner Johnson suggested benching Aaron Rodgers in September: Sources

7. Committed, But At What Value?

Our QB has earned an extension, but recent events have raised questions about the price.

Advertisement

Brock Purdy, San Francisco 49ers

Signed thru: 2025 | APY Rank: 84 | QB EPA Rank: 7/40

Purdy, with less than $3 million in career earnings, has a $1.1 million salary in 2024. He’s been the NFL’s biggest bargain over the past two-plus seasons and should be in line for a big raise, but how big?

Six weeks ago, the conversation revolved around whether Purdy might cash in for $60 million per year. But as the season slips away and some of Purdy’s physical limitations surface, could the 49ers decide to wait? Could they pursue more of a compromise deal, in the spirit of what Green Bay did with Love in 2023? There’s time to figure out something.

8. Lots to Play For Down The Stretch With Contract Talks Ahead

The veteran we signed on the cheap will command an extension if this keeps up.

Advertisement

Russell Wilson, Pittsburgh Steelers

Signed thru: 2024 | APY Rank: 63 | QB EPA Rank: 8/40

The one-year, $1.2 million deal Wilson signed with the Steelers (while still collecting $37.8 million from Denver on his previous deal) ranks as the biggest bargain in the league this season.

Wilson’s passing production in six starts projects to 4,706 yards with 28 touchdowns and nine interceptions over a 17-game schedule. The final five games deliver some difficult defenses, but with the Steelers all but assured a playoff berth, Wilson has a great opportunity to make Pittsburgh his longer-term home.

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

Russell Wilson and the Steelers offense’s sensational day (and the immense implications)

Advertisement

9. Evaluating: Long Runways

Our first-round rookies are just getting started.

Jayden Daniels, Washington Commanders

Signed thru: 2027 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 24 | QB EPA Rank: 5/40

This season has showcased Daniels’ dual-threat prowess along with some preexisting durability concerns, but Washington must be very happy with its selection of Daniels overall. His EPA per pass play ranks fifth through 13 starts among all rookies since 2000, per TruMedia. Matt Ryan, Robert Griffin III, Ben Roethlisberger and Prescott rank higher. Wilson, Herbert and Stroud rank sixth through eighth, respectively. That is good company for Daniels.

Caleb Williams, Chicago Bears

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2027 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 22 | QB EPA Rank: 30/40

Williams has gone from ranking among the bottom 10 in EPA per pass play under former coordinator Shane Waldron to ranking among the top 10 after three games with Thomas Brown in the role. Whether that is sustainable, the uptick has been encouraging for the No. 1 pick in the 2024 draft. Who will be coaching Williams for the long term?

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

The Bears need to hire the right head coach this time. 5 tips for their search

Bo Nix, Denver Broncos

Signed thru: 2027 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 39 | QB EPA Rank: 26/40

Advertisement

Nix has feasted on the AFC West and NFC South, combining for 15 touchdown passes with one interception in eight games, including six Denver victories. He ranks among the top 10 in a range of passing categories, including EPA per pass play, since Week 8.

Drake Maye, New England Patriots

Signed thru: 2027 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 25 | QB EPA Rank: 22/40

Maye has less around him than the other first-round rookie quarterbacks, one reason the Patriots were reluctant to start him right away. He has arguably outperformed expectations given that context, shifting the focus away from him and onto what New England must do to help him in the coming offseason.

10. Evaluating: Clock Is Ticking

We haven’t given up on the 2023 first-round picks we benched, but there’s some urgency.

Advertisement

Bryce Young, Carolina Panthers

Benched after only two games this season, Young has played well enough in five games since his return to renew hope for his future. The Panthers are 2-3 and averaging 21.4 offensive points per game since Young’s return. They had a 2-16 record while averaging 11.2 points per game on offense in his previous 18 starts.

go-deeper

GO DEEPER

NFL QB stock report, Week 14: Insight into Bryce Young’s revival; Kirk Cousins still Falcons’ QB1?

Signed thru: 2026 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 23 | QB EPA Rank: 34/40

Anthony Richardson, Indianapolis Colts

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2026 (not counting fifth-year option) | APY Rank: 29 | QB EPA Rank: 31/40

The Colts were much worse on offense during the two games Joe Flacco started than they were previously or since Richardson returned to the lineup for the past three games. Richardson remains a low-percentage passer capable of the spectacular but is still seeking consistency. How patient will the Colts be in developing him?

11. Evaluating: Need An Alternative

Our young QB could play his way into a future with us, but it’s looking like we’ll be in the market for an upgrade.

Will Levis, Tennessee Titans

Signed thru: 2026 | APY Rank: 53 | QB EPA Rank: 35/40

Advertisement

The Titans’ current coaching staff inherited Levis and could keep him but presumably would not want to bet its future on him, given the returns so far. Can Levis finish strong?

Aidan O’Connell, Las Vegas Raiders

Signed thru: 2026 | APY Rank: 71 | QB EPA Rank: 15/40

The Raiders had O’Connell on their roster entering this season and preferred signing Gardner Minshew for $12.5 million per year. Can O’Connell play his way into their future plans over the remaining five games? His 340-yard game at Kansas City was a start.

12. Thank You For Your Service (And The Future Comp Pick)

We’re grateful for our QB but committed to a different one.

Advertisement

Sam Darnold, Minnesota Vikings

Signed thru: 2024 | APY Rank: 21 | QB EPA Rank: 19/40

The assumption here is that Darnold has played well enough to earn an opportunity greater than what the Vikings can promise him in 2025, when first-round pick J.J. McCarthy returns from knee surgery to presumably claim the starting job.

13. Likely Headed to Free Agency as a Bridge Starter/Backup

There will be a market for these veterans, but not necessarily as the undisputed starter.

Jameis Winston, Cleveland Browns

Advertisement

Signed thru: 2024 | APY Rank: 42 | QB EPA Rank: 20/40

The Browns are averaging 21.8 offensive points per game when Winston starts after averaging 13.4 when Deshaun Watson was in the lineup earlier in the season. Their rate of explosive pass plays has more than doubled from 8.4 percent with Watson to 17.8 percent with Winston.

It’s possible the Browns or another team will project Winston as a starter next season. The two pick sixes Winston threw against Denver on Monday night tempered some of the recent enthusiasm.

Daniel Jones, Minnesota Vikings

Signed thru: 2024 | APY Rank: 90 | QB EPA Rank: 32/40

Advertisement

Jones could fill the Darnold role for the Vikings next season if Darnold finds a better opportunity elsewhere. He could also test the market, although additional time with O’Connell in Minnesota could be good for his career longer term.

14. We’re Looking For A Way Out

Help! Our quarterback could not start for any team, but we owe him more than $90 million over the next two seasons.

Deshaun Watson, Cleveland Browns

Signed thru: 2026 | APY Rank: 11 | QB EPA Rank: 40/40

The worst contract in NFL history isn’t getting better soon enough for the Browns. Watson, out for the season with a torn Achilles tendon, is scheduled to count $72.9 million against the cap in each of the next two seasons. Those figures could be manipulated in various ways, but Watson is getting his money regardless, unless he violates the contract in some way.

Advertisement
go-deeper

GO DEEPER

Deshaun Watson and a Browns escape plan (once they finally admit it’s over): Sando’s Pick Six

(Top photo of Russell Wilson, left, and Aaron Rodgers: Joe Sargent / Getty Images)

The Football 100
The Football 100

The story of the greatest players in NFL history. In 100 riveting profiles, top football writers justify their selections and uncover the history of the NFL in the process.

The story of the greatest players in NFL history.

Advertisement

BuyBuy The Football 100

Culture

This Poem About Monet’s “Water Lilies” Reflects on the Powers and Limits of Art

Published

on

This Poem About Monet’s “Water Lilies” Reflects on the Powers and Limits of Art

Advertisement

In the midst of the world’s unrelenting horribleness, it’s important to make room for beauty. True! But also something of a truism, an idea that comes to hand a little too easily to be trusted. The proclamation that art matters — that, in difficult times, it helps — can sound like a shopworn self-care mantra.

So instead of musing on generalities, maybe we should focus our attention on a particular aesthetic experience. Instead of declaring the importance of art, we could look at a painting. Or we could read a poem.

A poem, as it happens, about looking at a painting.

Advertisement

Hayden did not take the act of seeing for granted. His eyesight was so poor that he described himself as “purblind”; as a child he was teased for his thick-framed glasses. Monet’s Giverny paintings, whose blurriness is sometimes ascribed to the painter’s cataracts, may have revealed to the poet not so much a new way of looking as one that he already knew.

Read in isolation, this short poem might seem to celebrate — and to exemplify — an art divorced from politics. Monet’s depiction of his garden, like the garden itself, offers a refuge from the world.

Advertisement

Claude Monet in his garden in 1915.

Advertisement

“Ceux de Chez Nous,” by Sacha Guitry, via Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

But “Selma” and “Saigon” don’t just represent headlines to be pushed aside on the way to the museum. They point toward the turmoil that preoccupied the poetry of Hayden and many of his contemporaries.

Advertisement

“Monet’s ‘Waterlilies’” was published in a 1970 collection called “Words in the Mourning Time.” The title poem is an anguished response to the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and to the deepening quagmire in Vietnam. Another poem in the volume is a long elegy for Malcolm X. Throughout his career (he died in 1980, at 66), Hayden returned frequently to the struggles and tragedies of Black Americans, including his own family.

Advertisement

Robert Hayden in 1971.

Jack Stubbs/The Ann Arbor News, via MLive

Born in Detroit in 1913, Hayden, the first Black American to hold the office now known as poet laureate of the United States, was part of a generation of poets — Gwendolyn Brooks, Dudley Randall, Margaret Danner and others — who came of age between the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and the Black Arts movement of the ’60s.

Advertisement

A poet of modernist sensibilities and moderate temperament, he didn’t adopt the revolutionary rhetoric of the times, and was criticized by some of his more radical peers for the quietness of his voice and the formality of his diction.

But his contemplative style makes room for passion.

Advertisement

Continue Reading

Culture

Frankenstein’s Many Adaptations Over the Years

Published

on

Frankenstein’s Many Adaptations Over the Years

Ever since the mad scientist Frankenstein cried, “It’s alive!” in the 1931 classic film directed by James Whale, pop culture has never been the same.

Few works of fiction have inspired more adaptations, re-imaginings, parodies and riffs than Mary Shelley’s tragic 1818 Gothic novel, “Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus,” the tale of Victor Frankenstein, who, in his crazed quest to create life, builds a grotesque creature that he rejects immediately.

Advertisement

The story was first borrowed for the screen in 1910 — in a single-reel silent — and has directly or indirectly spawned hundreds of movies and TV shows in many genres. Each one, including Guillermo del Toro’s new “Frankenstein,” streaming on Netflix, comes with the same unspoken agreement: that we collectively share a core understanding of the legend.

Here’s a look at the many ways the central themes that Shelley explored, as she provocatively plumbed the human condition, have been examined and repurposed time and again onscreen.

“I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation.”— Victor Frankenstein, Chapter 3

Advertisement

The Mad-Scientist Creator

Shelley was profuse in her descriptions of the scientist’s relentless mind-set as he pursued his creation, his fixation on generating life blinding him to all the ramifications.

Advertisement

Sound familiar? Perhaps no single line in cinema has distilled this point better than in the 1993 blockbuster “Jurassic Park,” when Dr. Ian Malcolm tells John Hammond, the eccentric C.E.O. with a God complex, “Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could that they didn’t stop to think if they should.”

Among the beloved interpretations that offer a maniacal, morally muddled scientist is “The Curse of Frankenstein” (1957), the first in the Hammer series.

“Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein” (1994), directed by Kenneth Branagh, is generally considered the most straightforward adaptation of the book.

Advertisement

More inventive variations include the flamboyant Dr. Frank-N-Furter, who creates a “perfect man” in the 1975 camp favorite “The Rocky Horror Picture Show.”

In Alex Garland’s 2015 thriller, “Ex Machina,” a reclusive, self-obsessed C.E.O. builds a bevy of female-like humanoids.

Advertisement

And in the 1985 horror comedy “Re-Animator,” a medical student develops a substance that revives dead tissue.

Then there are the 1971 Italian gothic “Lady Frankenstein” and the 2023 thriller “Birth/Rebirth,” in which the madman is in fact a madwoman.

“With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.”— Victor Frankenstein, Chapter 5

Advertisement

The Moment of Reanimation

Shelley is surprisingly vague about how her scientist actually accomplishes his task, leaving remarkable room for interpretation. In a conversation with The New York Times, del Toro explained that he had embraced this ambiguity as an opportunity for imagination, saying, “I wanted to detail every anatomical step I could in how he put the creature together.”

Advertisement

Filmmakers have reimagined reanimation again and again. See Mel Brooks’s affectionate 1974 spoof, “Young Frankenstein,” which stages that groundbreaking scene from Whale’s first movie in greater detail.

Other memorable Frankensteinian resurrections include the 1987 sci-fi action movie “RoboCop,” when a murdered police officer is rebooted as a computerized cyborg law enforcer.

In the 2012 Tim Burton animated “Frankenweenie,” a young scientist revives his beloved dog by harnessing lighting.

Advertisement

And in the 2019 psychologically bleak thriller “Depraved,” an Army surgeon, grappling with trauma, pieces together a bundle of body parts known as Adam.

“Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust?”— The creature, Chapter 15

Advertisement

The Wretched Creature

In Shelley’s telling, the creature has yellow skin, flowing black hair, white teeth and watery eyes, and speaks eloquently, but is otherwise unimaginably repulsive, allowing us to fill in the blanks. Del Toro envisions an articulate, otherworldly being with no stitches, almost like a stone sculpture.

It was Whale’s 1931 “Frankenstein” — based on a 1927 play by Peggy Webling — and his 1935 “Bride of Frankenstein” that have perhaps shaped the story’s legacy more than the novel. Only loosely tethered to the original text, these films introduced the imagery that continues to prevail: a lumbering monster with a block head and neck bolts, talking like a caveman.

Advertisement

In Tim Burton’s 1990 modern fairy tale “Edward Scissorhands,” a tender humanoid remains unfinished when its creator dies, leaving it with scissor-bladed prototypes for hands.

In David Cronenberg’s 1986 body horror, “The Fly,” a scientist deteriorates slowly into a grotesque insectlike monster after his experiment goes wrong.

Advertisement

In the 1973 blaxploitation “Blackenstein,” a Vietnam veteran who lost his limbs gets new ones surgically attached in a procedure that is sabotaged.

Conversely, in some films, the mad scientist’s experiment results in a thing of beauty: as in “Ex Machina” and Pedro Almodóvar’s 2011 thriller, “The Skin I Live In,” in which an obsessive plastic surgeon keeps a beautiful woman imprisoned in his home.

And in Yorgos Lanthimos’s 2023 sci-fi dramedy, “Poor Things,” a Victorian-era woman is brought back to life after her brain is swapped with that of a fetus.

Advertisement

“I am an unfortunate and deserted creature; I look around, and I have no relation or friend upon earth.”— The creature, Chapter 15

The All-Consuming Isolation

Advertisement

The creature in “Frankenstein” has become practically synonymous with the concept of isolation: a beast so tortured by its own existence, so ghastly it repels any chance of connection, that it’s hopelessly adrift and alone.

What’s easily forgotten in Shelley’s tale is that Victor is also destroyed by profound isolation, though his is a prison of his own making. Unlike most takes on the story, there is no Igor-like sidekick present for the monster’s creation. Victor works in seclusion and protects his horrible secret, making him complicit in the demise of everyone he loves.

The theme of the creator or the creation wallowing in isolation, physically and emotionally, is present across adaptations. In Steven Spielberg’s 2001 adventure, “A.I. Artificial Intelligence,” a family adopts, then abandons a sentient humanoid robot boy programmed to love.

Advertisement

In the 2003 psychological horror “May,” a lonely woman with a lazy eye who was ostracized growing up resolves to make her own friend, literally.

And in the 1995 Japanese animated cyberpunk “Ghost in the Shell,” a first-of-its-kind cyborg with a human soul struggles with its place amid humanity.

Advertisement

“Shall each man find a wife for his bosom, and each beast have his mate, and I be alone?”— The creature, Chapter 20

The Desperate Need for Companionship

In concert with themes of isolation, the creators and creations contend with the idea of companionship in most “Frankenstein”-related tales — whether romantic, familial or societal.

Advertisement

In the novel, Victor’s family and his love interest, Elizabeth, are desperate for him to return from his experiments and rejoin their lives. When the creature demands a romantic partner and Victor reneges, the creature escalates a vengeful rampage.

That subplot is the basis for Whale’s “The Bride of Frankenstein,” which does offer a partner, though there is no happily ever after for either.

Advertisement

Sometimes the monster finds love with a human, as in “Edward Scissorhands” or the 2024 horror romance “Lisa Frankenstein,” in which a woman falls for a reanimated 19th-century corpse.

In plenty of other adaptations, the mission is to restore a companion who once was. In the 1990 black comedy “Frankenhooker,” a science whiz uses the body parts of streetwalkers to bring back his fiancée, also Elizabeth, after she is chewed up by a lawn mower.

In John Hughes’s 1985 comedy, “Weird Science,” a couple of nerdy teenage boys watch Whale’s 1931 classic and decide to create a beautiful woman to elevate their social standing.

Advertisement

While the plot can skew sexual — as with “The Rocky Horror Picture Show,” “Ex Machina” and “Frankenhooker” — it can also skew poignant. In the 1991 sci-fi action blockbuster “Terminator 2: Judgment Day,” a fatherlike bond forms between a troubled teenage boy and the cyborg sent to protect him.

Or the creature may be part of a wholesome, albeit freakish, family, most famously in the hit 1960s shows “The Addams Family,” with Lurch as the family’s block-headed butler, and “The Munsters,” with Herman Munster as a nearly identical replica of Whale’s creature.

Advertisement

In Shelley’s novel, the creature devotes itself to secretly observing the blind man and his family as they bond over music and stories. While sitcom families like the Munsters and the Addamses may seem silly by comparison, it’s a life that Shelley’s creature could only have dreamed of — and in fact did.

Continue Reading

Culture

Test Your Knowledge of Family-History Novels That Were Adapted as Movies or TV Series

Published

on

Test Your Knowledge of Family-History Novels That Were Adapted as Movies or TV Series

“Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West,” Gregory Maguire’s 1995 novel, has been adapted into a stage musical that was itself made into a two-part feature film. In all versions, what is the name of the witch Elphaba’s younger sister, whom she accompanies to Shiz University?

Continue Reading
Advertisement

Trending