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Cryptocurrency dilemma: India must balance between adoption and oversight | Policy Circle

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Cryptocurrency dilemma: India must balance between adoption and oversight | Policy Circle
India’s regulatory regime for cryptocurrency remains uncertain, leaving investors and businesses in a state of limbo.

Despite its global popularity, cryptocurrency has struggled to gain solid footing in India, with the central bank remaining sceptical even years after its inception. Many support the RBI’s cautious stance, arguing that cryptocurrency offers little value while posing significant risks. As virtual currencies operate without the need for regulation, their very nature presents substantial threats. As a result, the future of cryptocurrency in India remains uncertain.

However, the Indian government has shown some openness to dialogue. A panel led by the Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) recently issued a consultation paper seeking feedback from stakeholders on how to regulate crypto assets. This indicates that the government is taking an active interest in shaping the future of digital currencies in the country.

READ | A nation in the dark: Census delay risks India’s future

Cryptocurrency Regulation

India’s G20 presidency marked a pivotal moment for cryptocurrency regulation. One of the most significant outcomes was a comprehensive discussion on a regulatory approach to crypto assets. G20 members, along with the IMF and FSB, jointly agreed on a Synthesis paper, setting the stage for a unified regulatory framework. The discussions outlined key elements of effective regulation while also identifying responsible entities for implementation.

Nevertheless, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman recently noted that, despite global agreement on the need for regulation, each country will need to adopt its own legislative framework. This will require coordination within countries and across borders, demanding efforts at both the macro and micro levels. In September 2023, Economic Affairs Secretary Ajay Seth stated that the government would carefully consider the recommendations based on the consensus built and then decide on policies moving forward. Given the heightened risks associated with cryptocurrencies, especially for emerging economies, India must tailor its regulations to ensure stability.

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As part of its regulatory efforts, India banned nine offshore crypto platforms, or Virtual Digital Asset (VDA) service providers, for violating the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) of 2002. Even Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, faced scrutiny. However, in December 2023, Binance re-entered the Indian market after registering with the Financial Intelligence Unit.

India’s stance on cryptocurrency has been evolving. After introducing a ban in 2018 that prohibited Indian banks from facilitating cryptocurrency transactions, the Supreme Court overturned the decision in 2020. In the Union Budget 2022-23, a 30% tax on income from the transfer of digital assets was proposed, along with a 1% tax deduction at source (TDS) on such transactions to discourage crypto trading.

Globally, countries have adopted diverse approaches to cryptocurrency regulation. Some have imposed strict regulations, while others have opted for outright bans. India’s approach has been a mix of both.

Although India has historically taken a cautious stance toward virtual assets, it has been recognised that an outright ban is not an “easy option,” as the IMF-FSB paper pointed out. A ban could drive investors to more crypto-friendly regions, increasing financial integrity risks and potentially leading to India losing oversight of digital assets.

A more viable path forward is to regulate and supervise licensed or registered cryptocurrency issuers and service providers. This approach could help close information gaps and facilitate oversight of cross-border activities. The Cryptocurrency Bill of 2021, introduced in the Lok Sabha, was a significant step toward regulating India’s growing cryptocurrency market. The bill proposed guidelines for the Reserve Bank of India to create an official digital currency while seeking to ban all other private cryptocurrencies.

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Despite the government’s efforts to limit digital assets, Chainalysis’ 2023 Global Crypto Adoption Index ranked India first among 154 nations for grassroots crypto adoption. This suggests that ordinary people in India are actively using cryptocurrencies in their daily lives, regardless of government concerns. Investors now await meaningful regulations that will address the growing interest in the sector while also protecting them from potential risks.

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Bitcoin and Ether ETFs Add Combined $443 Million in Strong Inflow Day

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Bitcoin and Ether ETFs Add Combined 3 Million in Strong Inflow Day

Key Takeaways:

  • Bitcoin ETFs saw $358.17 million inflows on April 9, led by Blackrock IBIT, restoring momentum.
  • Ether ETFs added $85.19 million as ETHA gained $90.94 million, showing selective but rising demand.
  • XRP lost $661K while Solana saw no flows, suggesting capital is still fluctuating between altcoin ETFs.

Market Turns Decisively Positive for Bitcoin and Ether ETFs

No day is ever the same in the exchange-traded fund (ETF) market, and on Thursday, April 9, the tide turned again. This time, with force.

After a stretch of uneven flows and fading conviction, crypto ETFs snapped back into positive territory, delivering one of the week’s strongest sessions. The recovery was broad, decisive, and led by familiar names.

Bitcoin ETFs recorded a powerful $358.17 million in net inflows, marking a clean reversal from the prior day’s losses. Notably, every major fund contributed, and no outflows were recorded.

Blackrock’s IBIT once again dominated the field, pulling in $269.34 million, roughly three-quarters of total inflows. The scale of that contribution underscored its continued role as the market’s anchor. Fidelity’s FBTC followed with a solid $53.33 million, while Morgan Stanley’s newly launched MSBT added $14.87 million, building on its early momentum.

Bitcoin ETFs likely to close the week in green with inflows surpassing outflows so far.

Further support came from Bitwise’s BITB with $11.73 million, Ark & 21Shares’ ARKB at $4.78 million, Vaneck’s HODL with $2.04 million, and Franklin’s EZBC at $2.08 million. Trading volume reached $1.99 billion, and net assets climbed to $93.29 billion.

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Ether ETFs mirrored the rebound, though with a more mixed internal picture. The group posted $85.19 million in net inflows, driven by strong demand for select funds.

Blackrock’s ETHA led with $90.94 million, while its ETHB product added another $13.67 million, continuing its steady rise in investor preference. Grayscale’s Ether Mini Trust contributed $9.67 million.

Yet selling pressure persisted elsewhere. Fidelity’s FETH recorded a $20.98 million outflow, followed by 21Shares’ TETH with $5.53 million. Smaller outflows were seen in Franklin’s EZET at $1.68 million and Grayscale’s ETHE at $900,440. Despite these exits, inflows held firm. Trading volume came in at $831.08 million, with net assets closing at $12.69 billion.

Outside the majors, activity was limited. XRP ETFs posted a modest $661,160 outflow, entirely from 21Shares’ TOXR. Trading volume stood at $11.03 million, with net assets at $955.13 million.

Solana ETFs remained inactive for the session, with no recorded flows. Net assets held steady at $803.03 million.

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The broader pattern is becoming clearer. Capital is returning, but it is concentrated. Investors are favoring scale, liquidity, and established names, particularly in bitcoin and select ether products. The market is not fully stable, but confidence is rebuilding in visible pockets.

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Morgan Stanley Low-Fee Bitcoin ETF Sparks Fee War Across Issuers, Analyst Says

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Morgan Stanley Low-Fee Bitcoin ETF Sparks Fee War Across Issuers, Analyst Says

Key Takeaways:

  • Morgan Stanley launched MSBT with a 0.14% fee, undercutting Blackrock IBIT and escalating a bitcoin ETF fee war.
  • Bloomberg analyst says the fee war could squeeze issuer margins while expanding investor access.
  • Blackrock dominance may persist unless outflows rise or a 10 bps Vanguard entrant disrupts pricing power.

Morgan Stanley Sparks Bitcoin ETF Fee War With Aggressive Pricing

The launch of a lower-cost bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) is intensifying structural competition across digital asset markets. Morgan Stanley, a global investment bank, rolled out its bitcoin ETF (NYSE Arca: MSBT) with a 0.14% expense ratio on April 8, undercutting Blackrock’s Ishares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) and signaling a new phase of aggressive pricing pressure. This shift highlights how fee compression could redefine issuer margins and investor allocation strategies.

Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Eric Balchunas addressed the implications of Morgan Stanley’s pricing move. He stated on social media platform X:

“MSBT coming at 14bps could entice others to cut, or new entrants to come in even lower.”

The remark signals that MSBT’s ultra-competitive fee could reset industry benchmarks, accelerating price competition among incumbents while lowering barriers for new ETF entrants.

Across the competitive landscape, MSBT now ranks among the lowest-cost bitcoin ETFs, undercutting Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ( BTC) at 0.15% and Franklin Templeton’s EZBC at 0.19%. Other major issuers, including Bitwise (BITB), Vaneck (HODL), and ARK 21Shares (ARKB), cluster between 0.20% and 0.21%, while Blackrock’s IBIT, Fidelity’s FBTC, and several peers maintain 0.25% fee structures. At the higher end, Grayscale’s legacy GBTC remains at 1.50%, reflecting its structural differences and earlier market entry. This spread highlights a rapidly compressing fee band, with new entrants increasingly targeting sub-20 basis point pricing to gain share.

Fee Pressure Threatens Margins While Strengthening Investor Power

Morgan Stanley’s broader strategy suggests ambitions beyond simple fee disruption, with projections pointing to as much as $160 billion in potential inflows tied to its bitcoin ETF initiative. That scale could materially pressure Blackrock’s IBIT, which benefits from deep liquidity, tight spreads, and strong institutional adoption. The firm’s positioning underscores a growing trend where traditional financial giants leverage distribution advantages to capture crypto market share.

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Balchunas emphasized the broader economic consequences of intensifying fee competition across the ETF sector. He remarked:

“Fee wars are part of life in the Terrordome = hell for issuers, but heaven for investors. That said, prob won’t see any cut from IBIT.”

The observation underscores a structural reality: declining fees enhance investor access while compressing issuer margins, forcing providers to rely on scale, flows, and operational efficiency.

Despite mounting pressure, market leadership continues to provide pricing resilience for dominant funds. Balchunas stressed that IBIT’s scale and liquidity concentration preserve its pricing power, with disruption likely only if competitors generate sustained outflows or if Vanguard files a near-10 basis point product, a scenario he considers highly improbable. This dynamic indicates that IBIT’s fee stability remains anchored in its liquidity advantage unless a significant competitive shift materializes.

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Crypto ATM Giant Discloses $3.7 Million Bitcoin Theft Following Cyberattack

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Crypto ATM Giant Discloses .7 Million Bitcoin Theft Following Cyberattack

Key Takeaways:

  • Bitcoin Depot lost 50.903 BTC, worth $3.665 million, after a March 23 cyberattack on corporate systems.
  • Management deemed the event material on April 6 due to potential regulatory and reputational costs.
  • Bitcoin Depot is now working with external experts to harden IT security and seek insurance recovery.

Details of the Security Breach

Bitcoin Depot, one of the world’s largest bitcoin ATM operators, revealed Wednesday, April 8, that it was the victim of a targeted cyberattack in late March that resulted in the unauthorized transfer of more than 50 bitcoin from corporate accounts. According to a Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the breach was first discovered March 23, 2026.

An unauthorized party infiltrated the company’s internal information technology systems, eventually gaining control of credentials for digital asset settlement accounts. The intruder siphoned 50.903 bitcoin from company-controlled wallets. At the time of the incident, the stolen assets were valued at approximately $3.665 million.

Despite the loss, Bitcoin Depot emphasized that the breach appears to have been localized to its corporate environment. The company stated that customer platforms remained unaffected and maintained that user data and environments were not breached.

“The Company has not identified evidence that customer personally identifiable information was accessed or exfiltrated in connection with the incident; however, the investigation remains ongoing,” the company stated in the filing.

Upon detecting the intrusion, the ATM operator activated emergency response protocols, engaged third-party cybersecurity specialists and notified law enforcement. The company is currently working to harden its infrastructure to prevent future breaches.

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While the company initially stated the incident had not “materially impacted” daily operations, management now considers the event material due to the potential for “reputational harm, legal, regulatory, and response costs.” The company added that while it holds insurance policies for cybersecurity incidents, there is no guarantee the coverage will fully reimburse the $3.665 million loss.

The company said it does not believe the theft will have a long-term impact on its overall financial condition or its network of bitcoin ATMs across North America.

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