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State lawmakers eye promise, pitfalls of AI ahead of November elections • West Virginia Watch

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State lawmakers eye promise, pitfalls of AI ahead of November elections • West Virginia Watch


LOUISVILLE, Ky. — Inside a white-walled conference room, a speaker surveyed hundreds of state lawmakers and policy influencers, asking whether artificial intelligence poses a threat to the elections in their states.

The results were unambiguous: 80% of those who answered a live poll said yes. In a follow-up question, nearly 90% said their state laws weren’t adequate to deter those threats.

It was among the many exchanges on artificial intelligence that dominated sessions at last week’s meeting of the National Conference of State Legislatures, the largest annual gathering of lawmakers, in Louisville.

“It’s the topic du jour,” Kentucky state Sen. Whitney Westerfield, a Republican, told lawmakers as he kicked off one of many panels centering on AI. “There are a lot of discussions happening in all of our state legislatures across the country.”

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While some experts and lawmakers celebrated the promise of AI to advance services in health care and education, others lamented its potential to disrupt the democratic process with just months to go before November’s elections. And lawmakers compared the many types of legislation they’re proposing to tackle the issue.

This presidential election cycle is the first since generative AI — a form of artificial intelligence that can create new images, audio and video — became widely available. That’s raised alarms over deepfakes, remarkably convincing but fake videos or images that can portray anyone, including candidates, in situations that didn’t occur or saying things they didn’t.

“We need to do something to make sure the voters understand what they’re doing,” said Kentucky state Sen. Amanda Mays Bledsoe.

The Republican lawmaker, who chairs a special legislative task force on AI, co-sponsored a bipartisan bill this year aimed at limiting the use of deepfakes to influence elections. The bill would have allowed candidates whose appearance, action or speech was altered through “synthetic media” in an election communication to take its sponsor to court. The state Senate unanimously approved the proposal but it stalled in the House.

While Bledsoe expects to bring the bill up again next session, she acknowledged how complex the issue is: Lawmakers are trying to balance the risks of the evolving technology against their desire to promote innovation and protect free speech.

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“You don’t want to go too fast,” she said in an interview, “but you also don’t want to be too behind.”

Rhode Island state Sen. Dawn Euer, a Democrat, told Stateline she’s concerned about AI’s potential to amplify disinformation, particularly across social media.

“Election propaganda and disinformation has been part of the zeitgeist for the existence of humanity,” said Euer, who chairs the Senate Judiciary Committee. “Now, we have high-tech tools to do it.”

Connecticut state Sen. James Maroney, a Democrat, agreed that concerns about AI’s effects on elections are legitimate. But he emphasized that most deepfakes target women with digitally generated nonconsensual intimate images or revenge porn. Research firm Sensity AI has tracked online deepfake videos for years, finding 90% of them are nonconsensual porn, mostly targeting women.

Maroney sponsored legislation this year that would have regulated artificial intelligence and criminalized deepfake porn and false political messaging. That bill passed the state Senate, but not the House. Democratic Gov. Ned Lamont opposed the measure, saying it was premature and potentially harmful to the state’s technology industry.

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While Maroney has concerns about AI, he said the upsides far outweigh the risks. For example, AI can help lawmakers communicate with constituents through chatbots or translate messaging into other languages.

Top election officials on AI

During one session in Louisville, New Hampshire Republican Secretary of State David Scanlan said AI could improve election administration by making it easier to organize election statistics or get official messaging out to the public.

Still, New Hampshire experienced firsthand some of the downside of the new technology earlier this year when voters received robocalls that used artificial intelligence to imitate President Joe Biden’s voice to discourage participation in a January primary.

Prosecutors charged the political operative who allegedly organized the fake calls with more than a dozen crimes, including voter suppression, and the Federal Communications Commission proposed a $6 million fine against him.

While the technology may be new, Scanlan said election officials have always had to keep a close eye on misinformation about elections and extreme tactics by candidates or their supporters and opponents.

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“You might call them dirty tricks, but it has always been in candidates’ arsenals, and this really was a form of that as well,” he said. “It’s just more complex.”

The way state officials responded, by quickly identifying the calls as fake and investigating their origins, serves as a playbook for other states ahead of November’s elections, said Cait Conley, a senior adviser at the federal Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency focused on election security.

“What we saw New Hampshire do is best practice,” she said during the presentation. “They came out quickly and clearly and provided guidance, and they really just checked the disinformation that was out there.”

Kentucky Republican Secretary of State Michael Adams told Stateline that AI could prove challenging for swing states in the presidential election. But he said it may still be too new of a technology to cause widespread problems for most states.

“Of the 99 things that we chew our nails over, it’s not in the top 10 or 20,” he said in an interview. “I don’t know that it’s at a maturity level that it’ll be utilized everywhere.”

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Adams this year received the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award for championing the integrity of elections despite pushback from fellow Republicans. He said AI is yet another obstacle facing election officials who already must combat challenges including disinformation and foreign influence.

More bills coming

With an absence of congressional action, states have increasingly sought to regulate the quickly evolving world of AI on their own.

NCSL this year tracked AI bills in at least 40 states, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Washington, D.C.

Without a doubt, artificial intelligence is being used to sow disinformation and misinformation, and I think as we get closer to the election, we’ll see a lot more cases of it being used.

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– Texas Republican state Rep. Giovanni Capriglione

As states examine the issue, many are looking at Colorado, which this year became the first state to create a sweeping regulatory framework for artificial intelligence. Technology companies opposed the measure, worried it will stifle innovation in a new industry.

Colorado Senate Majority Leader Robert Rodriguez, a Democrat who sponsored the bill, said lawmakers modeled much of their language on European Union regulations to avoid creating mismatched rules for companies using AI. Still, the law will be examined by a legislative task force before going into effect in 2026.

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“It’s a first-in-the nation bill, and I’m under no illusion that it’s perfect and ready to go,” he said. “We’ve got two years.”

When Texas lawmakers reconvene next January, state Rep. Giovanni Capriglione expects to see many AI bills flying.

A Republican and co-chair of a state artificial intelligence advisory council, Capriglione said he’s worried about how generative AI may influence how people vote — or even if they vote — in both local and national elections.

“Without a doubt, artificial intelligence is being used to sow disinformation and misinformation,” he said, “and I think as we get closer to the election, we’ll see a lot more cases of it being used.”

Stateline is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Stateline maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor Scott S. Greenberger for questions: [email protected]. Follow Stateline on Facebook and X.
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West Virginia

West Virginia delegate candidates in Wood County split on top issues, from manufacturing to health care rules

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West Virginia delegate candidates in Wood County split on top issues, from manufacturing to health care rules


PARKERSBURG, W.Va. (WTAP) – Candidates running for seats in the West Virginia House of Delegates in Wood County say their top priorities if elected range from job creation and workforce development to health care policy changes and infrastructure, as they make their case to voters ahead of the election.

Incumbent Delegate Vernon Criss, a Republican running in House District 12, said jobs would be his top focus, arguing Wood County has been left out of state efforts to attract manufacturing.

“It would be jobs,” Criss said. He pointed to what he described as $340 million available through a high-impact, jobs-related manufacturing fund for companies returning to West Virginia, saying the governor “has refused to use these dollars to help the county.” Criss also cited restoring highway funding and funding for drinking water and sewer projects as priorities.

Criss said he would also push for foster care legislation in the next session, noting the governor vetoed a foster care bill this year that he said would have helped families and relatives caring for children in the system.

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In House District 13, Republican candidate Melissa McCrady said her leading priority is repealing the state’s certificate of need program, which she said restricts medical facilities and practices from opening in the state.

“The main issue that I would prioritize is the repeal of the certificate of need,” McCrady said, calling it a program that limits a “free market” approach to health care by requiring approvals before certain services can expand.

McCrady said she would also like to repeal the inventory tax on businesses, which she said makes West Virginia less attractive for economic growth. She also said she supports religious and philosophical vaccine exemptions for children and adults in response to future outbreaks.

On education, McCrady said she wants to give teachers and families more voice in Wood County and reduce what she called burdensome requirements and restrictions placed on classrooms. On jobs and cost of living, she said reducing taxes and regulations and allowing the market to develop would create more opportunity for residents.

Incumbent Delegate Scot Heckert, a Republican running in House District 13, said his top issues include “infrastructure, accountability” and school funding.

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“Top issues right now is infrastructure, accountability, for the school funding,” Heckert said. He said policy changes depend in part on what he hears from residents, but added he believes the school aid formula should be reviewed and that traditional public schools, homeschooling and charter schools should be held to the same set of rules.

Heckert said the state needs to do more to support teachers and address long-term retirement funding costs. On jobs and workforce development, Heckert said building a workforce is essential and suggested the state should look at incentives and assistance programs to encourage employment.

Asked about transparency and accountability, Heckert said constituents can contact him directly.

“Any constituent of District 13 can call me anytime,” he said, adding, “You can’t have one without the other.”

Criss and McCrady also emphasized transparency as a priority. Criss said the budget process should remain open to the public, while McCrady said she wants to be accessible through office hours and multiple communication channels.

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Candidate for House of Delegates district 12 Charles Hartzog was not available to be interviewed.

Voters in Wood County will choose their delegates in House Districts 12 and 13 in the upcoming election. Details on early voting and Election Day locations are available through the county clerk’s office.

Editor’s note: The video for this story will be added once it airs. Please check back for the updated video.

Copyright 2026 WTAP. All rights reserved.



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Former PAAC House residents find hope and housing after sudden closure

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Former PAAC House residents find hope and housing after sudden closure


An abrupt closure at a Charleston recovery home last week left residents searching for a new place to stay, but members of the local recovery community stepped in to help keep many of them on track.

PAAC House closed its doors Friday after funding issues left employees unpaid for nearly a month, displacing 14 residents, many of whom were still in early sobriety.

For former resident John Boso, the closure came after weeks of uncertainty.

“Services started dropping off, we’d have less counseling, less things going on,” Boso said. “And then before we know it, it’s like, you’ve got to find somewhere else to go.”

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Caroline Paxton, a founder of the nonprofit True Freedom, said the sudden disruption raised immediate concerns about residents’ stability.

“I think especially in early sobriety, that’s really stressful for anyone. And so our biggest concern was we want to make sure they were able to continue to stay sober and continue on this like recovery journey,” Paxton said.

Paxton and fellow True Freedom founder Michael Paxton said they already knew many of the men through the nonprofit’s meetings. When they learned the residents had just four days’ notice to find new housing, they began working to secure placements — a process that often involves applications, interviews and fees.

They connected with HopeWorks, a recently opened home, and worked to fast-track interviews the next day. HopeWorks Director Catherine Tyler said she fortunately had many beds open and their transition has been smooth so far.

“They’re doing great so far,” said Tyler. “They are already buddies from the PAAC House, and I think that’s going to be really good for them.”

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Six of the men were able to stay together, something former residents said has been critical to their recovery.

“It’s awesome that we’re all together,” one resident said. “Brotherhood was the biggest thing we had going for us. That was the only thing we were sure of.”

The men said despite the sudden closure, due to securing placements they have been able to continue attending meetings and focusing on recovery.

Several residents said they feared the disruption could have pushed them backward in their recovery.

“I was hopeless thought I was going to go right back to the life I was living then bam Mike and Caroline to the rescue it was great,” Alden Smith said.

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“I thought I had come all this way for nothing,” said Christian Taylor.

Michael Paxton said helping the men find stability has been worth every effort.

“Just to know these guys, know that they’re safe and they have a place they’re loved. You know, they still have another chance at life,” he said.

Those involved encouraged anyone struggling with addiction to reach out to True Freedom.



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West Virginians weigh in on two races for unexpired terms to state Supreme Court – WV MetroNews

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West Virginians weigh in on two races for unexpired terms to state Supreme Court – WV MetroNews


West Virginia voters will play a heavy role in shaping the state Supreme Court, which has two of five seats on the ballot.

Although this is a primary election for many other races, it’s the final say-so for these two seats on the state’s highest court.

One election is for an unexpired term to fill the seat formerly held by Justice Beth Walker, who retired last year. The term expires in 2028. Two candidates are running for this seat.

The other election is for an unexpired term to fill the seat formerly held by Justice Tim Armstead, who died last year. Candidates are running to fill out the term that expires in 2032. Five candidates are vying to fill this seat.

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Former Walker seat, two years on term

Thomas Ewing was appointed by Gov. Patrick Morrisey to fill the unexpired term until the election.

“What I’ve done is public record,” he said on MetroNews Talkline.

“I’m not running from that. It’s sort of my resume or my statement to the voters. I’ve demonstrated to you how I’ll do this job.”

Ewing served as circuit court judge in Fayette County for eight years before being appointed to the Supreme Court last year.

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As a circuit judge, he presided over the Fayette County Adult Treatment Court. He also established and presided over several other programs, including the Fayette County Family Treatment Court, the Fayette County Teen Court and the Fayette County Truancy Diversion Program.

“I think it’s important to continue to have someone with circuit court experience on the Supreme Court,” he said.

He grew up in Hico and is a graduate of Midland Trail High School. He graduated college from Glenville State, where he was captain of the basketball team, and then the West Virginia University College of Law.

From 2004 until 2018, he practiced law with the firm Kay, Casto & Chaney.

“For me, my personal integrity matters, and if you don’t have personal integrity, if you don’t hold yourself personally accountable, then I don’t see how you can uphold the integrity of the judiciary,” he said.

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Bill Flanigan is the other challenger for the seat vacated by Walker.

Flanigan is a Wheeling attorney and a Republican member of the West Virginia House of Delegates representing Ohio County. The Supreme Court race is nonpartisan.

“What I tried to do as a legislator and what I want to do on the court is that our laws should be written in a way that are clear and precise, easily applied and within the purviews of the Constitution as it was originally constructed,” he said on Talkline.

He was first appointed to the House of Delegates in 2016 as a Republican representing Monongalia County, but a cancer diagnosis at that time prevented him from seeking election to the seat.

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Flanigan and his family moved from Monongalia County to Ohio County so his son could participate in a program for students with dyslexia. After moving to Ohio County, Flanigan was elected to the House in 2024 and currently serves that district.

Flanigan earned his bachelor’s degree from Salem Teikyo University and his law degree from the West Virginia University College of Law.

“I fell in love with the Constitution. I fell in love with the law — how it affects us, what it does for us and how it can apply to each of us as citizens,” he said.

Former Armstead seat, six years on term

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Gerald Titus III was appointed by the governor to fill the unexpired term until the election.

“For me, courts, judges should not legislate, should not wade into policy issues — they should let those leaders lead and simply apply the law,” he said on Talkline.

“My job is very simple. It doesn’t mean it’s easy. There are times that it’s weighty and challenging. But for our government to function properly, I think the court plays a vital but limited role.”

Titus, a Charleston attorney, has 22 years of experience in law practice.

Before his appointment to the Supreme Court, he was an attorney with the Charleston-based law firm Spilman Thomas and Battle

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He previously served as an assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia, where he worked in the Violent Crime Division.

He is a graduate of Washington and Lee University in Virginia, where he earned both a bachelor’s degree in politics and American history and his law degree.

“I just found myself in a place where I wanted to do more, where I wanted to put that experience to use. I’m in the absolute prime of my legal career. I feel like I have the most to give now as I ever will,” he said.

Laura Faircloth is a veteran attorney who has served as a circuit judge in the Eastern Panhandle for nearly a decade.

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She was first elected in 2016 to the 23rd Judicial Circuit covering Berkeley, Jefferson, and Morgan counties and then was elected in 2024 to the newly created 27th Judicial Circuit, which serves Berkeley and Morgan counties.

“I am the only independent registered to run in this contested election in division one. I’m also the only woman who is running,” Faircloth said on Talkline, referring to her personal voter registration.

“I’m not a good old boy, and I don’t subscribe to backroom politics, which is where deals are made oftentimes. That’s never going to happen in my courtroom, and it will not happen if I’m a justice on the Supreme Court of West Virginia.”

Before her time on the bench, she led her own six-person law firm in Martinsburg.

She earned a bachelor’s degree in political science from Shepherd University and got her law degree from the WVU College of Law.

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“We are like umpires in a baseball game: We call fouls, strikes and balls. We call outs and safe. And that’s it. And to do anything more is trying to assume a role that we are not permitted to assume because the sanctity of the judiciary is not to allow that,” she said.

Todd Kirby is is a circuit judge in Raleigh County and a former Republican member of the House of Delegates.

In the House, he represented the 44th District in Raleigh County starting in 2023.

He was appointed to the bench by then-Gov. Jim Justice in July 2024 to fill a vacancy and successfully won election to the seat that same year.

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“There’s a long history of West Virginia Supreme Court justices having served in the Legislature,” Kirby said on Talkline.

Earlier this year, Kirby appeared at a Health Freedom Day rally at the West Virginia Legislature that focused on school vaccination requirements. But he said his appearance was an expression of his principles and should not be interpreted as him taking a stance on specific cases that might come before the court.

Kirby recused himself from a school vaccine exemptions case in Raleigh Circuit Court last year because of votes he had taken at the Legislature.

Kirby opened his own law practice in Beckley in 2011. His career has been heavily focused on child welfare, including serving as an assistant prosecuting attorney in Raleigh County handling child abuse and neglect cases. He has also worked as a guardian ad litem and as an attorney representing foster parents and respondent parents.

He graduated from Marshall University and got his law degree from Liberty University.

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“My area of expertise has been the law and of course now as a circuit court judge. I feel like I have the experience as an assistant prosecutor, as an attorney for respondent parents, for foster kids, as guardian ad litem, my time on the House Judiciary Committee,” he said.

“My conservative credentials and my background, I feel like I’m the right candidate for the state at this time in its history.”

H.L. “Kirk” Kirkpatrick  is a senior status judge and a long-time circuit court judge in Raleigh County with more than 30 years of experience on the bench.

“I decided I had plenty of life in me and I could serve West Virginia by serving on the Supreme Court,” Kirkpatrick said on Talkline.

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He was first appointed to the bench in Raleigh County by then-Gov. Gaston Caperton in 1995 and was then elected in 1996. He served as the chief judge of the Raleigh County circuit and retired in December 2024.

“I look at myself as a referee,” Kirkpatrick said. “We are required to be impartial and be fair and apply the law in a fair manner.”

Kirkpatrick administered the Raleigh County juvenile drug court for 10 years. He also served on the state Judicial Investigation Commission, which is responsible for enforcing the Code of Judicial Conduct for judges and justices.

After retirement, he was appointed as a senior status judge, a role that allows him to be recalled for temporary assignments.

That way, he presided over the high-profile murder trial of Natalie Cochran, a pharmacist convicted of using insulin to fatally poison her husband. He also filled a vacancy on the Fayette County Circuit Court when Thomas Ewing was appointed to the Supreme Court.

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He is a graduate of the University of Kentucky and earned his law degree from West Virginia University.

“My strong suit is my experience,” Kirkpatrick said. “I’ve presided over every conceivable type of trial and case from speeding ticket appeals to murder trials. I’ve handled just about anything that could come down the pike.”

Martin “Red Hat” Sheehan is a veteran Wheeling attorney with 45 years in the legal profession, during which he says he has done a little bit of everything.

Sheehan is a former assistant U.S. attorney and federal prosecutor. He has been in private practice since 1990.

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He is the former chairman of the Ohio County Republican Executive Committee and has previously run for a seat in the West Virginia House of Delegates as a Republican.

Sheehan, speaking on Talkline, said he has been motivated by a backlog in the judicial system.

“I think that’s the big issue for me in this particular campaign is to try to get action by the court in a more timely way,” Sheehan said.

“The court loses its moral authority to help the circuit courts to manage their caseloads as well by not being able to take care of its own house.”

Sheehan notably sued the West Virginia Judicial Investigations Commission in federal court, challenging a rule that prevents judicial candidates from speaking publicly about issues likely to come before the court. He argued the rule is unconstitutional.

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“I think I’m dedicated to trying to get something done,” he said. “The problem is it’s very hard for the judges to campaign. I’ve also brought suit, somewhat unsuccessfully at this time, to declare a couple of cannons in the judicial code unconstitutional because they limit the ability to have contact with the public as candidates.

“What you’ll see is, everybody running for the Supreme Court says they’re people of integrity, people of experience, whatever, and nobody is talking about any serious issues about how to fix things at the court.”

Sheehan got his bachelor’s degree from Tufts University and his law degree from Duquesne.

While he appears with the nickname “Red Hat” on the ballot, he was previously known on ballots as “Red Shoes” because of his choice of flamboyant footwear.

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