Science
A Fish That Hitches Rides Where the Sun Doesn’t Shine
When danger calls, some animals bare their teeth. Others take to the sky, or curl into protective balls. But the remora — a fish that often hitches a ride on larger marine animals like sea turtles, whales and sharks — sometimes follows a less dignified strategy: It disappears inside a manta ray’s rear end.
In a study published on Monday in the journal Ecology and Evolution, a team of researchers referred to this newly observed behavior as “cloacal diving.” While many questions about this fishy practice remain, there is one thing the team feels sure about.
“It does not look like the manta ray likes it,” said Catherine Macdonald, director of the shark research and conservation program at the University of Miami and senior author of the new study.
While remoras, also known as suckerfish, have been observed diving into the safety of whale-shark cloacae in the past, this is the first time anyone has documented the behavior in manta rays.
The paper uses seven instances of cloacal diving that took place between 2010 and 2025 across all three known species of manta ray. What’s more, the observations, which were gathered by the Marine Megafauna Foundation, occurred in three separate ocean basins, suggesting that this previously unobserved behavior could be common among rays and the remora species that associate with them.
In some cases, the remora forces itself so far inside the ray’s cloaca that only the very tip of its tail can be seen protruding from the exterior. In others, the ray is not large enough to accommodate the remora’s entire body, and half of the suckerfish hangs out of the ray, like a toddler playing peekaboo beneath a blanket.
“The remoras are pretty much as wide as the cloaca is,” said Emily Yeager, a Ph.D. student at the University of Miami and the lead author of the study. “So it’s fully filling that opening.”
To the researchers’ knowledge, no one has studied how sensitive manta ray cloacae are specifically, though Dr. Macdonald said that her lab would often swab the cloacae of sharks for fecal DNA to better understand what they’d been eating.
“They don’t especially like us sticking a swab up there,” she said. “And that swab is a big Q-Tip compared to a remora.”
While all of this may seem as if it’s a lark — News flash: Fish hides inside another fish’s backside — the findings contribute new information to a topic already hotly debated by scientists: the type of impact remoras have on their hosts.
Traditionally, experts have seen the interaction between remoras and manta rays as either commensal or mutualistic. In a commensal relationship, one animal benefits while the other is neither benefited nor harmed. In a mutualistic relationship, both creatures benefit: The remora gets a free ride and food, while the manta has its skin cleaned of parasites.
But cloacal diving almost certainly changes the equation, said Eleanor Caves, a sensory biologist at Brown University who was not affiliated with the new study. While the remora’s presence inside the ray is most likely brief, it could interfere with waste discharge or reproduction, or even damage the cloaca’s lining. This may mean the relationship between remoras and manta rays sometimes tilts into a parasitic interaction, in which one species benefits and the other is harmed.
While the researchers provide just seven instances of remoras using manta-ray cloacae as their own personal panic rooms, the fact that the animals are so difficult to see once inside suggests that the behavior is under-documented, at the very least.
“It’s really challenging to study these highly mobile relationships in marine systems,” Ms. Yeager said. “Oftentimes when researchers interact with these organisms, it’s just for a second in time, when we’re scuba diving in one location and one passes over us, or we’re fishing in a site and we bring one to our boat.”
“But these relationships persist 24/7, all of the time,” she added. “And we’re seeing just a snapshot.”
Science
NorCal braces for dry, dangerous fire season as SoCal faces typical conditions
Southern California’s top fire officials met behind closed doors in East Los Angeles Friday to discuss the outlook for this year’s peak fire season and how to coordinate the region’s world-class firefighters to keep communities safe.
At a press conference afterward, officials stressed that even though coastal Southern California is not expected to have an exceptionally dangerous fire season, they are doing everything they can to protect Californians. They urged residents to do the same.
“It is clear that wildfires are no longer solely a fire-service problem. They are an all-of-us problem,” said Orange County Fire Authority Interim Chief T.J. McGovern, standing in front of a suite of emergency response vehicles at L.A. County Fire Department’s headquarters. “They can only be mitigated by all of us working together.”
Coastal Southern California, which had the third-wettest season in record within the last 15 years, can expect a typical wildfire season, fire weather analysts predict. That’s in sharp contrast to Northern California, which saw a record-breaking March heat wave melt mountain snowpack early. Fire officials typically rely on the snowpack to keep vegetation green and moist into summer.
“The interesting thing about last year is that it was the southern half of the state that was significantly drier,” said Cal Fire Director Joe Tyler at a wildfire season outlook briefing last month. This year, he said, “we’re seeing that critical condition really spreading across Northern California.”
Coastal Southern California must still endure a particularly dry June before reaching typical conditions July through September — and even “typical” conditions remain dangerous, which is why officials urged Southern Californians Friday to remain vigilant.
A series of fires mid-May served as a warning shot for the region. The Sandy fire in Ventura County destroyed one home and damaged two more structures. The Santa Rosa Island fire burned through a third of the second-largest Channel island.
Officials at Friday’s Southern California meeting urged homeowners to do what they can to harden their homes against wildfire — including covering vents with mesh to prevent embers from entering the home and using multi-paned tempered windows that are less likely to shatter in extreme heat.
They also asked homeowners to maintain defensible space around homes by clearing dead vegetation in their yards, making sure there is space between shrubs and trees and creating a 5-foot buffer around homes with nothing combustible, including plants.
Homeowners should also make sure they’re signed up for evacuation alerts from their local fire department, the chiefs added, and should not hesitate to evacuate at the sight or smell of smoke — regardless of whether an official evacuation has been ordered.
As for their part, Southern California fire departments have been working to thin out hazardous vegetation surrounding communities and remain at the ready to respond to fires.
“We will show up. We show up every time, across every jurisdiction … That’s not a question,” said Los Angeles City Fire Department Chief Jaime Moore. However, without defensible space at individual homes, it is “very difficult for us to be able to combat those fires.”
The Los Angeles and Ventura county fire departments have been working to remove flammable vegetation surrounding communities in the Santa Monica Mountains with fire department crews, goats and prescribed fire. The U.S. Forest Service has been doing similar work in the San Gabriel Mountains.
The crews are working to create a network of vegetation-free pathways, called fuel breaks, that can slow fires and give firefighters strategic access to wildlands to combat blazes. They are also working to remove particularly flammable invasive grasses.
“As we share our preparation to defend communities and build wildfire resilience, it’s a call to action,” Angeles National Forest Fire Chief Robert Garcia said. “It’s now a shift to individual homeowners and communities to start leveraging some of that work that your agencies are doing.”
While this kind of landscape-wide work has significantly increased in the state over the past five years, California is running out of money to complete such projects.
Meanwhile, the U.S. Forest Service saw a decrease in how much work it could complete after the Trump administration significantly reduced the size of the service’s workforce.
Neither the state’s funding woes nor the shrinking of the federal workforce are expected to impact firefighting ability.
“It is absolutely as strong as ever,” Tyler said last month of the federal and state government’s ability to respond to fires.
Science
Video: Can the Artemis III Mission Go on as Planned?
new video loaded: Can the Artemis III Mission Go on as Planned?
By Katrina Miller, Melanie Bencosme, Joey Sendaydiego, Lauren Pruitt and Kenneth Chang
June 13, 2026
Science
Warning of cuts to medical services, L.A. health officials ask state for emergency funds
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services has joined a chorus of California hospitals and health systems lobbying the state for a $500-million emergency payment to public hospitals bracing for massive financial losses.
The California Assn. of Public Hospitals and Health Systems is requesting a one-time general fund payment in the 2026-27 budget to help cover inpatient care for fee-for-service Medi-Cal patients at the state’s 17 public hospitals.
While the exact percentage of the $500 million allocated to each hospital will depend on inpatient claims, the county expects that roughly 25%, or $125 million, will end up at Los Angeles County hospitals, said Dr. Christina Ghaly, director of LA Health Services.
“That’s the money that is really necessary to serve as a stopgap and continue that lifeline that the public hospitals desperately need, particularly with the state’s proposed shift of undocumented individuals from managed care into fee-for-service,” Ghaly said.
Ghaly praised county voters for passing Measure ER, which will provide an estimated $220 million annually for the next five years to the county health system through a new half-cent sales tax, Ghaly said.
But it’s not enough to stanch what the county estimates will be a $700-million annual loss by the 2028-29 fiscal year.
LA Health Services is the largest public health system in the state and second-largest in the nation. It serves as a safety net for the county’s 10 million residents, providing healthcare regardless of an individual’s ability to pay.
More than 80% of the system’s patients rely on Medi-Cal, Los Angeles General Medical Center Chief Executive Jorge Orozco told a state Senate committee in March.
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which President Trump signed into law last summer, alters Medicaid eligibility requirements and includes about $1 trillion in federal Medicaid reductions over 10 years, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office. As a result, California is expected to lose tens of billions in total funding for Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program.
About 660,000 people in Los Angeles County are expected to lose Medi-Cal coverage, “but they will not stop needing healthcare,” Orozco said in March. “They will still come to our emergency rooms for everything from routine illness to life threatening conditions. And safety net hospital systems like ours will be forced to absorb those costs.”
County health officials have enacted hiring freezes, consolidated services, reduced overtime and taken other cost-cutting measures in anticipation of the losses, resulting in about $230 million in savings.
“But we need to be clear: we cannot cut our way out of a funding loss of this magnitude,” the department said in a statement released this week. “Without help from the State, we will be forced to consider options no one wants, reduced patient services, staff layoffs, and potential facility closures.”
The county has not yet identified specific services for closure, Ghaly said.
“Our focus is entirely on preventing the harm that would come before we have to make those tough choices,” she added.
A memo on the department’s fiscal outlook prepared for the Board of Supervisors sounded the alarm in April.
“For the patients we serve, losing Medi-Cal doesn’t mean they stop getting sick — it means losing access to care. Health Services will still be here, but with over 600,000 more uninsured patients in LA County alone, the strain will be felt across our health system and across every emergency room in Los Angeles County,” the memo read.
“Without substantial new revenue sources, Health Services will have no alternative but to consider planning for service curtailments — including possible facility closures and staff layoffs — beginning in early 2027.”
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