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Lori Dengler | A quick trip to Hawaii and a reminder that tsunamis can be deadly business

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Lori Dengler | A quick trip to Hawaii and a reminder that tsunamis can be deadly business


I spent last week in Hawaii. Before you get too jealous, it was a work trip, and I never got my feet wet. It was an excellent, informative and sobering trip and not entirely devoid of pleasure.

I have been part of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Tsunami Science & Technology Advisory Panel (TSTAP) for nearly two years. One can’t write about NOAA without acronyms, so please bear with me. In 1997, NOAA established a Science Advisory Board (SAB) with a responsibility to provide advice in the areas of research, education, resource management, and ocean hazards.

The Science Advisory Board is composed of experts outside of the NOAA organization — from academia, industry, and other government organizations. The SAB currently has five Working Groups — on Climate, Data Management, Ecosystems, Environmental Information, and Tsunamis.

Our tsunami group is small — eight voting members plus NOAA and USGS liaisons. Our focus is the end-to-end tsunami alerting system. That means we look at all aspects from detection of the tsunami source to analysis, dissemination, partners’ response and how everyone in harm’s way reacts. We listen to experts talk about modeling, new detection and analysis systems, social scientists who study messaging and evacuation behaviors, and everything in between. We don’t have money to dole out but report our findings on gaps, weaknesses, and strengths directly to NOAA.

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Most of our meetings are remote and online but once a year we meet in person. Last year we convened at NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory where the tsunami research program is housed. This year was Hawaii with visits to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), the Hawaii emergency management group, tsunami scientists at the University of Hawaii, and other organizations with tsunami responsibilities.

On Monday before our formal meetings started, I did a day trip to Hilo with Rocky Lopes, another TSTAP member and someone I have worked with for decades. I first met Rocky when he headed the Red Cross preparedness program. His research on what motivates people to take preparedness actions has always been a pillar of our outreach efforts on the North Coast. Fear is a poor motivator, give people the how-tos in a clear and positive way.

We were met in Hilo by two more long-time colleagues, Cindi Preller and Walter Dudley. Cindi is the director of the Pacific Tsunami Museum who I met decades ago in her various roles in NOAA’s tsunami program. Walt was a founder and now board president and scientific advisor to the museum.

The Pacific Tsunami Museum was founded in 1994 with the aim of preserving memories of past tsunamis. At the time, many of the survivors of the 1946 and 1960 tsunamis were aging and their recollections of what happened were in danger of being lost forever.

At first glance, preserving memories might seem like a thin premise on which to build a museum. Personal stories are more important than you might think. They provide evidence as to what happened in past tsunamis and fill out important details that water height measurements can’t depict. We learn about sideways surges and how the tsunami traveled over complex terrain. We also learn the human side — what triggered people to take action and what they did — critical data about evacuation behavior.

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Stories are one of the most effective education tools for tsunami awareness and preparedness. Most of the accounts the museum highlights are from ordinary people, including children to the elderly. These stories bring immediacy to the moment and convey that it doesn’t take superhuman efforts or special skills to be a survivor. Knowledge and taking quick action are key.

In the 30 years since its founding, the museum has gone far beyond the original scope. It features exhibits on Hawaii’s tsunami hazards and what areas are at risk. It has become a hub for community outreach programs and training the next generation in not only safety precautions but how to become spokespeople themselves.

Field trips are central to the museum’s activities and Walt gave us an abbreviated version. One only has to step out the front door for sites of what happened in 1946 and 1960, the deadliest and third deadliest tsunamis in U.S. history. Walt has loaded images on a tablet and at each field trip spot can compare the view of today to what it was like in the immediate aftermath of a tsunami.

The most memorable stop was Laupahoehoe Point, about a 40-minute drive north of Hilo. In 1946, it was the site of a small fishing village and a school. The teachers lived in cabins in front of the school adjacent to the coast. Children were beginning to arrive on the morning of April 1, 1946, when a series of surges quickly overtook the school. There was no tsunami warning system at the time and the earthquake that caused the tsunami was in the Aleutians, too far away for anyone to feel.

When the seas finally subsided, 24 students and staff of the school had perished. All of the Hawaiian Islands suffered damage. Hawaii was the hardest hit with 96 deaths. The final toll in the Hawaiian Islands was 159, the highest domestic tsunami casualty number in U.S. history.

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Standing where the school once stood brings meaning to those statistics. There is a stone memorial with the names of the victims. Interpretive signs include their photographs and pictures of the school grounds before and after. Laupahoehoe brings focus to our TSTAP efforts. In 1946, seismographs detected the earthquake within minutes of its occurrence. But there was no system to rapidly determine size and location, analyze if it posed a tsunami threat, or send messages to those staff and students at the school before waves arrived. And had a message been sent, would it have been understood?

We spent the rest of the week in meetings with Pacific Tsunami Warning Center personnel, and other agency representatives with response and research responsibilities. A tsunami tragedy at Laupahoehoe won’t be repeated as the school has been moved to high ground. But there are far more people living, working, and vacationing in harm’s way today than in 1946 and even with a timely warning, getting everyone to safe ground is a daunting task. The ghosts of Laupahoehoe are in my dreams and scream that we better figure out how to do so.

Note: See https://tsunami.org/qrcodes/laupahoehoe/ for more on what happened at Laupahoehoe.

Lori Dengler is an emeritus professor of geology at Cal Poly Humboldt, an expert in tsunami and earthquake hazards. Questions or comments about this column, or want a free copy of the preparedness magazine “Living on Shaky Ground”? Leave a message at 707-826-6019 or email Kamome@humboldt.edu.



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Hawaii’s 11 Best Retirement Towns Ranked

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Hawaii’s 11 Best Retirement Towns Ranked


Hawaii is home to a wide range of towns that give older adults relaxing ways to enjoy their retirement years. Across the islands, retirees can find communities with easy access to healthcare and outdoor recreation. Coastal towns like Kailua-Kona and Līhuʻe offer ocean views and nearby medical care. Inland communities such as Waimea and Makawao provide cooler weather and an easier rhythm. Retirees may be drawn to smaller places with a strong community feel, while those wanting more services may prefer regional hubs like Hilo. Together, these Hawaiian towns offer a mix of natural beauty and everyday comforts.

Kailua-Kona

Keauhou Bay, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.

Kailua-Kona is a coastal town on the Big Island of Hawaii with fewer than 25,000 residents. It continues to attract retirees thanks to its warm weather and ocean access. Areas like Kealakehe and Holualoa are still growing, with new subdivisions adding more housing options for people who want to stay long-term.

Most medical care is provided by the nearby Kona Community Hospital, and clinics throughout the Kona district offer additional services. Some of the main landmarks are Kailua Pier, Huliheʻe Palace, Kamakahonu Beach, and Kona Commons Shopping Center. These spots help residents stay active year-round.

Hilo

Overlooking Hilo, Hawaii.
Overlooking Hilo, Hawaii.

Hilo is a well-known retirement-friendly community on Hawaii Island, known for being easy to walk around. With about 48,000 residents, according to recent Census data, Hilo is a regional center for healthcare, education, and government services, which helps create long-term stability for residents.

Hilo Benioff Medical Center is the main hospital for East Hawaii and provides most of the area’s healthcare. There are also outpatient and senior care services, such as the nearby Life Care Center of Hilo.

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People in Hilo often spend time at places like Wailoa River State Recreation Area, Hilo Farmers Market, Liliʻuokalani Gardens, and Rainbow Falls. These spots are close to neighborhoods like Waiākea and Keaukaha.

Waimea

Rolling green pastureland with white fences near Waimea, Hawaiis Big Island.
Rolling green pastureland with white fences near Waimea, Hawaii’s Big Island.

Waimea is a small inland town on Hawaii Island with fewer than 10,000 residents. Because it sits at a higher elevation, the weather is cooler, with daytime temperatures usually between 70 and 80°F and nights that feel much cooler.

Residents have access to healthcare through local clinics and services linked to Queen’s North Hawai’i Community Hospital in Waimea, which provides essential care for the area. The town has strong connections to Parker Ranch, one of the country’s largest ranches, as well as nearby ranchlands. Waimea attracts retirees who want a quieter inland setting, strong community organizations, and fewer people.

Līhuʻe

A couple walks along Kalapaki Beach in Lihue, Kaua'i, Hawai'i
A couple walks along Kalapaki Beach in Lihue, Kaua’i, Hawai’i.

Līhuʻe serves as Kauai’s administrative and service center and has fewer than 10,000 residents. The town plays a central role in healthcare and government operations across the island. It is just 30 minutes from Hanapepe and offers retirees a small-town feel, with natural scenery all around.

Wilcox Medical Center is the largest hospital on the island and provides care for residents throughout Kauai. Notable landmarks include Kalapaki Beach, Nawiliwili Harbor, Kauai Museum, and Kilohana Plantation. Together, these sites support recreation, tourism, and community events across the area.

Kapa’a

Shops in downtown Kapa'a in Hawaii.
Shops in downtown Kapa’a in Hawaii. Image credit bluestork via Shutterstock.com

Kapaʻa sits on the east side of Kauai and has about 11,000 residents. It is easy to get around on foot, with everything you could need close by. The town serves as both a place to live and a hub for businesses in the area.

Residents can access healthcare at local clinics such as The Clinic at Kapaa or at Wilcox Medical Center in Līhuʻe. Some well-known spots in Kapaʻa are Kapaʻa Beach Park, the Sleeping Giant Trail, Coconut Marketplace, and Wailua River State Park. Coconut Marketplace has a Farmer’s Market twice a week, plus live local music. Hula classes and shows are also a local favorite offered at Coconut Marketplace.

Kailua

Overlooking Kailua, Oahu.
Overlooking Kailua, Oahu.

Kailua is a residential area on the windward side of Oahu with fewer than 50,000 residents. The town is known for its easy access to beaches and well-established neighborhoods such as Enchanted Lake and Coconut Grove.

Residents have access to healthcare through nearby hospitals in the Honolulu area. Adventist Health Castle, which is located in Kailua, is one of the main options. In addition, Kalapawai Market is a local favorite to grab coffee, ube scones, and other treats.

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Kailua is home to many beaches for swimming and watersports, including Kailua Beach Park. Lanikai Beach is a public beach within a residential neighborhood, with no lifeguards, restrooms, or public parking lot. For walking and biking, Kawainui Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary is a popular dog-friendly wildlife sanctuary with a scenic trail.

Haleʻiwa

Aerial view of Haleiwa, Hawaii.
Aerial view of Haleiwa, Hawaii.

Hale’iwa is known for its slower pace and strong connection to Oahu’s North Shore coastline. This historic North Shore town is said to be the quirkiest and has a population of under 5,000. It maintains a small commercial core while serving nearby rural communities.

Healthcare is available through clinics in Waialua and through The Queen’s Medical Center – Wahiawā in central Oahu.

Notable landmarks in Haleʻiwa include Haleʻiwa Beach Park, a popular spot for fishing and sunset views, and Waimea Bay, known for its large winter surf and summer swimming conditions. The nearby Banzai Pipeline draws surfers from around the world during big-wave season on Oahu’s North Shore. Residents also spend time at Haleʻiwa Aliʻi Beach Park, which has picnic areas and shoreline walking paths.

Wahiawa

Waikele Premium Outlets in Honolulu County, near Wahiawa, Hawaii.
Waikele Premium Outlets in Honolulu County, near Wahiawa, Hawaii. Image credit ARTYOORAN via Shutterstock.com

Wahiawa is a central Oahu community with a population of roughly 17,000. It sits between the island’s north and south regions, and provides a quieter inland setting while still allowing access to both Oahu’s north and south coasts.

Healthcare in Wahiawa is available through in-town facilities, such as The Queen’s Medical Center – Wahiawā.

Local landmarks include Lake Wilson, where residents fish and kayak, and the Wahiawa Botanical Garden, known for its large tropical trees and walking paths. Nearby Schofield Barracks remains one of the largest military installations in Hawaii and shapes much of the area’s economy. Residents also rely on Whitmore Village for local businesses, neighborhood services, and access to agricultural areas outside town.

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Makawao

The town of Makawao sits on the slope of the Haleakala volcano in Maui.
The town of Makawao sits on the slope of the Haleakala volcano in Maui.

Makawao is a small town in upcountry Maui with fewer than 10,000 residents. Its higher elevation gives the area cooler temperatures than much of coastal Maui, especially during the evenings.

Makawao maintains a rural atmosphere while still keeping residents close to shopping and healthcare in nearby Kahului and central Maui for routine and specialized care.

Residents enjoy art galleries, and nearby access routes to Haleakalā National Park, which draw both residents and visitors into Maui’s upland landscapes. The community also gathers around Oskie Rice Event Center, which hosts rodeos and local events throughout the year, while Pukalani Country Club provides golf and recreation with views of central Maui.

Pāhoa

Downtown street in Pahoa, Hawaii.
Downtown Pahoa, Hawaii. Image credit Chris Allan via Shutterstock

Pāhoa is a small town on Hawaii Island with fewer than 1,000 residents. The community has a slower pace of life and a strong local character shaped by East Hawaii’s volcanic landscape. Residents access healthcare through clinics in nearby Hilo and facilities connected to Hawaiʻi Health Systems Corporation in East Hawaii.

Local landmarks include Lava Tree State Monument, where lava formations surround walking paths through tropical forest, and the historic downtown which still contains several older storefronts and small local businesses such as Tin Shack Bakery. Nearby Pohoiki Black Sand Beach has become a popular coastal gathering area following recent volcanic activity, while the former Ahalanui Park site (destroyed by the Kīlauea lava flow in 2018) remains an important part of the region’s history and shoreline identity.

Honoka’a

Overlooking Honoka'a, Hawaii.
Overlooking Honoka’a, Hawaii.

Honokaʻa is a small plantation-era town on the Big Island of Hawaii. With fewer than 3,000 residents, its historic main street reflects its sugar industry past with preserved storefronts and a compact town center that still serves the surrounding Hamakua Coast communities.

Residents access healthcare through Queen’s North Hawai’i Community Hospital in nearby Waimea, which provides essential services for the region.

Along the main corridor, residents frequent shops such as Tex Drive-In, known for its malasadas, and Cafe Il Mondo, a long-running local café. The nearby Kalōpā State Recreation Area offers forest trails and native vegetation, while the Hamakua Coast provides scenic coastal drives with waterfalls and ocean views. Routes toward Akaka Falls connect the town to one of the island’s most visited natural landmarks.

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Hawaii Retirement Across the Islands

Retirement spots in Hawaii are found across the islands, each with its own pace of life. Towns like Kailua-Kona and Līhuʻe keep residents close to healthcare, services, and coastal scenery, while places such as Waimea, Makawao, and Honokaʻa offer quieter inland settings with strong local character. Others, including Hilo, Kapaʻa, and Haleʻiwa, balance everyday conveniences with beaches, parks, markets, and community gathering places. As people in Hawaii look for more space, fewer crowds, and reliable access to care, these towns show how varied retirement living can be across the state.



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Mind-bending mural brings greenery into the city

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Mind-bending mural brings greenery into the city


HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) – A new optical illusion is taking shape in Kalihi.

Commissioned by Kamehameha Schools, the mural will feature plants and trees native to the area. The artwork aims to highlight how forestry can exist within urban areas.

Coincidentally, the new artwork sits adjacent to one of Kalihi’s most famous murals: Wave 01/101.

The artist Kai’ili Kaulukukui plays with depth and shadow, creating an optical illusion on the flat face of a building.

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“The painting style is called ” trompe-l’œil”, it means ‘trick the eye’,” says Kaulukukui. “It’s been around for 2000 years. They have images of trompe-l’œil style murals at Pompeii, so it’s a very old style.”

Kaulukukui said he’s always been intrigued by the art style, though this is his first time painting it.

“They’re both kind of environmental themed murals,” he said. “This is bringing an image of what a forest could look like in the city. That is like an homage to Pipeline and our beautiful waves that we have here.”

The 55-foot-tall mural is expected to be completed by Sunday, May 31.

After this project, Kaulukukui will start an ocean-themed mural just one street over, bringing a bit more nature into urban Honolulu.

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Copyright 2026 Hawaii News Now. All rights reserved.



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County housing official sentenced to nearly 4 years in prison – West Hawaii Today

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County housing official sentenced to nearly 4 years in prison – West Hawaii Today


A former Hawaii County housing development specialist was sentenced Thursday in federal court to 46 months in prison for taking bribes to facilitate a multimillion-dollar affordable housing credits scam.

Alan Scott Rudo, 59, who now lives in Cathedral City, Calif., was given until July 9 to surrender to the federal Bureau of Prisons when he was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Jill Otake in Honolulu.

Otake also ordered Rudo to pay $483,265 in a forfeiture judgment.

In a deal with prosecutors, Rudo pleaded guilty in August 2022 to conspiracy to commit honest services wire fraud and admitted to accepting about $1.9 million in bribes from Hilo attorneys Paul Sulla Jr. and Gary Zamber and former Big Island businessman Rajesh Budhabhatti, who now lives in Morrow Bay, Calif.

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In return, Rudo agreed to use his official position in the Office of Housing and Community Development to ensure the county approved three affordable housing agreements (AHAs) benefiting the defendants’ development companies, Luna Loa Developments LLC, West View Developments LLC and Plumeria at Waikoloa LLC.

Through those AHAs, the development companies fraudulently raked in more than $11 million worth of land and excess affordable housing credits (AHCs).

Sulla, 79, Zamber, 56, and Budhabhatti, 65, were charged with conspiracy to commit honest services wire fraud and nine counts of honest services wire fraud. Sulla was also charged with money laundering.

Rudo was the prosecution’s star witness at their trial, and on June 4, 2025, a federal jury in Honolulu convicted all three on all charges.

Zamber was sentenced on Jan. 30 to 70 months in prison. Budhabhatti was sentenced on Feb. 6 to 90 months in prison. And Sulla was sentenced on April 23 to 60 months in prison.

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Zamber’s and Sulla’s law licenses also have been suspended, prohibiting them from practicing law in Hawaii.

“This sentencing marks the closing of an unfortunate chapter and underscores the importance of strong internal controls, clear segregation of duties, and effective program oversight,” said county Housing Administrator Kehaulani Costa in a statement. “The Office of Housing and Community Development remains committed to strengthening accountability and program integrity through enhanced compliance monitoring, improved documentation practices, and continued staff professional development.

“We are proud of the work undertaken to implement stronger safeguards, increase transparency, and reinforce public trust in the delivery of affordable housing programs serving Hawaii Island communities.”

A series of articles by Hilo resident Pat Tummons in her Environment Hawaii newsletter exposed questionable dealings in OHCD that ultimately led to an FBI investigation that resulted in these convictions.

When announcing charges in July 2022, then-U.S. Attorney Clare Connors praised the reporting by Environment Hawaii that first raised red flags about Rudo’s and his co-defendants’ schemes and, she said, led a county employee to alert the FBI.

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The resultant public flap caused the County Council to order an internal audit, which in 2013 found OHCD had “inadequate internal controls” over its affordable housing credits program.

Costa said OHCD has since “strengthened internal controls, enhanced oversight and compliance monitoring, improved documentation and review procedures, expanded staff training, and implemented additional safeguards to support greater accountability, transparency, and long-term program integrity.”

Email John Burnett at john.burnett@hawaiitribune-herald.com.





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