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How private owners are restricting millions of acres of public land across the West

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How private owners are restricting millions of acres of public land across the West


After I lived in San Francisco’s Richmond District, I frequently jogged via Golden Gate Park, hiked the Marin Headlands and climbed up Mount Tamalpais. These adventures uncovered me to beautiful and priceless magnificence — from the fogged-drenched timber that enveloped me on early morning runs up John F. Kennedy Drive to the whales that adopted me as I made my means up, slowly, to Hawk Hill.

Whereas it appears inconceivable that anybody would ever attempt to deny the general public entry to such prized communal property, if latest tendencies throughout Western states proceed, the general public’s capability to entry to its personal land might not be assured.

For greater than a century after the nation’s founding, American regulation mirrored the perfect that the general public area ought to be transformed into non-public property. Pushed by this excellent and undergirded by the philosophy of Manifest Future — that it was God’s will that white American males management the continent — the nation got down to purchase as a lot land as doable all through the nineteenth century. A lot of that land would then be given to American heads of family totally free below homesteading legal guidelines. However towards the tip of the century, as Individuals turned involved about useful resource shortage and monopolies, Congress started establishing among the nation’s land as public.

The results of these various pursuits and beliefs turned a patchwork of tens of millions of acres of land that at the moment exist in a checkerboard sample — parcels of land alternating in possession, some public, some non-public. For hikers, path runners, hunters and different outside recreationists, accessing this public land is just not at all times straightforward and generally can border on the road of ridiculous.

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Why? As a result of based on some landowners and regulation enforcement brokers, together with right here in California, if somebody crosses from one piece of public land to kitty-corner public land, they’re essentially trespassing on the non-public land that additionally sits at that very same nook.

In keeping with analysis from the land information firm and app-maker, onX, greater than 8.3 million acres of public lands throughout the West are “corner-locked” on this means — inaccessible with out getting into, or “hopping,” non-public lands. In California, 226,000 acres of public land are corner-locked. 

Many states have legal guidelines with loopholes that successfully allow “corner-hopping” or “corner-crossing.” However that doesn’t imply non-public landowners gained’t attempt to go after people for trespassing. In 2003, regardless of Wyoming having loophole legal guidelines to guard folks looking for to entry corner-locked land, the state’s lawyer normal cautioned hunters from liberally “hopping” and “crossing” as a result of a special state statute prohibited anybody from getting into the land of one other realizing that that they had not been approved to take action. The lawyer normal specified that whether or not a hunter violated state regulation by corner-hopping would rely upon the factual circumstances of the case at hand. 

The uncertainty surrounding enforcement of the regulation had a chilling impact on the general public’s willingness to entry its personal land. For that cause, in October 2021, 4 hunters in Wyoming went as far as to convey a ladder alongside on their searching journey so they may use it at contested corners of land to ensure that they had not stepped foot on non-public lands. The hunters have been nonetheless charged with trespassing and, although a jury discovered them not responsible, they presently face civil costs. 

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This may occasionally all sound absurd, however right here in California, the regulation additionally ideas the authorized scales in favor of personal landowners. In keeping with steering from the state Fish and Sport Fee in its 2022-2023  California Mammal Looking Laws, “It’s illegal to enter any lands below cultivation or enclosed by a fence, belonging to, or occupied by, one other … the place indicators forbidding trespass or searching, or each, are displayed at intervals not lower than three to the mile alongside all exterior boundaries and in any respect roads and trails getting into these lands … with out having first obtained written permission from the proprietor, or his or her agent, or the individual in lawful possession of, these lands.”

Underneath this regulation, non-public landowners want solely put up just a few indicators to disclaim the general public entry to hundreds of acres of public land.

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Are you able to think about the replace to John Muir’s well-known quote, “The mountains are calling and I need to go … search permission from the adjoining landowner and maybe fetch a ladder … ?” 

California has not utterly shirked its responsibility with respect to rising entry to leisure alternatives. For example, below the California Division of Fish and Wildlife’s Shared Habitat Alliance for Leisure Enhancement program, non-public landowners work with the state to permit members of the general public with entry permits to enter non-public lands and cross into the 530,000 acres of landlocked parcels of public lands. However receiving such a allow requires really profitable a lottery — a setup that essentially ends in the overwhelming majority of Californians missing clear authorized entry to all of their public lands.

I’m not a hunter, however as a path runner and cross-country skier, I’ve had loads of encounters with trespassing indicators. And, via apps like onX, I’ve mapped out routes via corner-locked public lands within the hope that someday these lands shall be absolutely accessible as initially meant. Hopefully, California policymakers will observe the lead of different states, comparable to Idaho — the place the Entry Sure program unlocked 525,115 acres of public lands via coordination with non-public landowners. 

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California’s modern and collaborative nonprofit sector might additionally collaborate with policymakers to supply extra details about threats to public lands. One step that nonprofits can take is to emulate the Entry Points Reporting System developed by the Public Lands Water Entry Affiliation in Montana. The reporting system will finally function as an app for folks to enter details about limitations to accessing public lands. Think about you’re climbing the Marin Headlands and discover that somebody has positioned a gate in entrance of a trailhead. The app would can help you take an image, describe the barrier and share the situation.

Serving as an information assortment app is simply one of many functions of this system. The collected information can even enable the affiliation and different public lands advocates to establish tendencies concerning the quantity, sort and placement of entry points and, finally, to enhance the decision of these entry points by offering policymakers with correct data.

By adopting finest practices from different states and main nonprofits, California can eradicate limitations to accessing public lands and guarantee corner-hopping is actually only a stroll within the park.

Kevin Frazier will be a part of the Benjamin L. Crump Faculty of Regulation at St. Thomas College as an assistant professor within the fall. He’s a Public Lands Water Entry Affiliation member.

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'Tis the Season for Science at California Academy of Sciences

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'Tis the Season for Science at California Academy of Sciences


Young reindeer having a snack at the California Academy of Sciences in San Franciscos Golden Gate Park. (California Academy of Sciences via Bay City News)

Two young reindeer lounging in their pen the Saturday before Thanksgiving — the day of their big holiday season premiere at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco — were taking a break after eating lunch.

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They were lying around, but children outside the pen were fascinated, pointing, calling out to the deer and doubtlessly wondering why they weren’t training. After all, the reindeer’s biggest day of the year was only about a month away.

The academy employee supervising the scene said they were saving their energy, being from Northern Europe, which is very cold.

Uh-huh. That’s why they save their energy.

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Everyone knows why a reindeer needs a lot of extra juice. They’re really saving it for the long trip on Dec. 24.

The academy just opened its annual “‘Tis the Season for Science” program. Besides the young reindeer jolly old Saint Nick lent the academy, there’s festive decor, public programs about visiting animals, music, dance and magic performances, cookie decorating and seasonal photo ops.

There’s also snow periodically falling inside the big presentation space in the center of the museum. The snowflakes were a big hit Saturday, if running, screaming, dancing children trying to catch snow on their tongues were a good indicator.  

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There are also lots of spots for photo ops and more practical winter wonderland information, like how animals adapt to climate change.

Of course, the best thing about going to the Academy of Sciences during the holidays is having an excuse to do something really cool and tell oneself it’s educational for the kids. It is, but it’s also a lot of fun.

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The four-legged holiday visitors are just outside the academy’s eastern end. Baby camels are scheduled to make an appearance Dec. 6, followed by baby yaks on Dec. 20. 

They all have a place in holiday lore, but the academy makes sure visitors get some scientific facts as well. 

Signs outside the pen explain these two reindeer are only seven months old and recently weaned from mom. They’re tiny but tough, one sign says, and are built for the cold. From birth, reindeer, camels and yaks are adapted to withstand the elements.

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Reindeer quickly develop insulation for arctic (North Pole?) life, camels grow thick fur to protect them from chilly desert nights, and yak calves’ sport shaggy coats for high Himalayan mountains. 

“As climate change alters and reduces habitats, these species — and many others — face new challenges. Humans can help these resilient young animals thrive by protecting and regenerating ecosystems,” a sign said.

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Then there’s of course, the year-round penguin exhibit, which is a favorite, judging by the crowds gathered around the viewing window. Unlike the other animals brought in to celebrate the holidays, penguins are typically from the planet’s (very) deep south, where it’s very cold.

“Every year the academy catches the holiday bug with ‘Tis the Season for Science,’ more than a month of wintry festivities with a special academy science twist,” academy executive director Scott Sampson said in an email. “This year we are stepping up the action with visits by pairs of live baby reindeer, camels, and yaks for two weeks each to explore winter survival adaptations and other unique features of these adorable creatures.

“The museum also is buzzing with other fun and educational activities, including falling snow inside our piazza; seasonal science experiments (think dry ice); and music, dance, and magic performances from over a dozen diverse troupes,” Sampson said. 

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And, of course, there’s the old favorites, including the world-class Steinhart Aquarium starring Claude the albino alligator, who was very active this day.  

The lush, four-story Osher Rainforest dome was full of more than 1,600 butterflies, birds, fish, plants (and tropical humidity – wear layers) and the Morrison Planetarium was mind-boggling, as usual. (Tom Hanks narrating a trip through the universe in “Passport to the Universe” is worth waiting in line for 20-30 minutes).

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The California Academy of Sciences is at 55 Music Concourse Drive in San Francisco. 

Public hours are 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday and 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays. Thursday NightLife is from 6 to 10 p.m. The museum is closed Dec. 4 for a private event. 

For more information, go to www.calacademy.org.

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What California city has the best weather for you? Take our quiz

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What California city has the best weather for you? Take our quiz


California has plenty of options when it comes to finding a place with your preferred weather. If you like cool weather, some cities spend nearly the entire year below 70 degrees. If you hate the rain, there are locations that average just a few inches per year.

The Chronicle gathered data about temperature, precipitation, air quality and extreme weather for 61 places across California, including the 20 most populous cities with data available. In total, 53 of the state’s 58 counties are represented in the analysis.

While there may not be a perfect match with everything you’re looking for, this quiz will help pinpoint a place that gets close.



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California woman dies from Fresno County's first human case of rabies in more than 30 years

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California woman dies from Fresno County's first human case of rabies in more than 30 years


A California woman died of rabies after allegedly being bitten by a bat in her classroom, according to Fresno County health officials.

The woman, later identified as Leah Seneng, 60, marks the first human case of rabies in Fresno County since 1992.

“In general, rabies is a disease that affects the brain, and it is very rare. But when it develops, it can cause very serious consequences,” said Dr. Trnidad Solis, Fresno County Health Department’s deputy health officer. “It’s transmitted through saliva; it is not airborne.”

RABIES PATIENT BECOMES FIRST FATAL CASE IN US AFTER POST-EXPOSURE TREATMENT, REPORT SAYS

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Leah Seneng, 60, was the first human case of rabies in Fresno County since 1992, according to county health officials. (GoFundMe)

Seneng, who was an art teacher at Bryant Middle School in Dos Palos, was bitten by the bat when she was attempting to rescue it in her classroom, local outlet ABC30 reported.

She first came into contact with the bat in October, but did not display symptoms until approximately a month later, according to Fresno County health officials.  She was admitted to the hospital and died four days later.

Bryant Middle School

Leah Seneng was an art teacher at Bryant Middle School in Dos Palos, California. (Map Quest)

PEANUT THE SQUIRREL EARMARKED FOR EUTHANASIA BEFORE BEING CONFISCATED AND WAS RABIES-FREE: REPORT

“The most frequent route of transmission is through the bite of an animal that has rabies. With rabies, unfortunately, there is no cure. So, when symptoms develop, there is no treatment, and often when it develops, it is often fatal. So we want the public to know that prevention is key to preventing rabies infection,” Solis said.

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Fresno County officials do not believe there is a threat to public health at this time, but are working with the Merced County Health Department to identify any other possible exposures and administer vaccines.

Rabies vaccination syringe held in gloved hand.

Health experts recommend people and pets get vaccinated for rabies. (iStock)

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Seneng’s coworkers have set up a GoFundMe account to assist her family during this time.



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