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The plan to use hemp to solve Maine’s ‘forever chemicals’ problem hits a major snag

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The plan to use hemp to solve Maine’s ‘forever chemicals’ problem hits a major snag


LIMESTONE, Maine — An Aroostook County tribe has found that industrial hemp plants will extract so-called forever chemicals from contaminated soil on land it owns at the former Loring Air Force Base.

There’s one problem: no one can figure out what to do with the hemp.

“There hasn’t been a way to get the PFAS out of the plants without it going back into the environment,” said Mi’kmaq Nation Vice Chief Richard Silliboy.

Finding a way to take per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known as PFAS, out of contaminated hemp plants without unintentionally releasing them into the air is the next step in the tribe’s effort to remediate 650 acres of polluted land the U.S. government turned over to it 15 years ago.

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Using hemp plants to suck up PFAS from the ground has been touted nationally as a potential fix for the widespread pollution. But the Maine tribe’s experience has revealed a significant obstacle to making it work. Testing will soon be underway to try to find a solution to the roadblock.

PFAS refers to a group of manufactured chemicals often found in household and personal care products that have polluted soil and water at former manufacturing sites. Known to break down slowly, the long-lasting “forever chemicals” have been linked to increased risk of some cancers, issues with hormonal and immune systems, developmental delays in children, and other health issues, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

The land the federal government gave the Mi’kmaq Nation in 2009 was so contaminated it was designated a federal Superfund site. The Mi’kmaq property used to be a key training area for Loring firefighters, who used a PFAS-laden foam.

The Air Force promised the tribe that it would clean all known toxins prior to the land transfer in 2009, but that did not happen, Silliboy said. The Mi’kmaq have largely been left on their own to clean the PFAS from their land.

Michael Daly, the EPA’s remedial project manager for Loring Air Force Base, said that a portion of the Mi’kmaq land is part of an Air Force study to determine how far foam might have spread from Loring’s airport. Daly directed other questions about clean-up efforts to the Air Force.

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Air Force spokespeople have not responded to requests for comment.

Rather than wait for federal investigators, tribal leaders found their own way to begin removing PFAS from soils on their property.

Mi’kmaq Nation Vice Chief Richard Silliboy plants hemp seeds in 2022 at the start of a research project studying whether hemp can extract PFAS from soil at property the tribes owns at the former Loring Air Force Base. Credit: Courtesy of Upland Grassroots

In 2019, Silliboy and Chelli Stanley co-founded Upland Grassroots, an organization dedicated to cleaning up the Mi’kmaq parcel. Stanley, who lives near Hallowell and has a background in community organizing, learned about hemp-based PFAS extraction and contacted Silliboy, who was immediately interested in its potential.

That year, Stanley, Silliboy and other tribal members planted and harvested several small plots of hemp plants on the Loring property. They sent the harvested hemp to the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, a state-run scientific research facility.

Initial data showed that the hemp plants were extracting various forms of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, or PFOS. In summer 2022 the group planted five larger plots, with four hemp varieties grown in smaller subsections within each plot.

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Of the 28 PFAS varieties identified in the soil, 10 were found in the harvested hemp plants, according to the group’s research published earlier this year.

Stanley and the Mi’kmaq Nation want to eventually expand the number and size of hemp plants to test for larger extractions of PFAS. But without a safe method to dispose of the PFAS-laden hemp, the group’s research can only happen on a smaller scale.

“We don’t want to put the hemp in a landfill and have it be somebody else’s problem,” Stanley said.

One of the group’s scientific partners, the University of Virginia, is currently developing and will soon be testing a method to take PFAS out of hemp plants, according to Bryan Berger, a chemical engineering professor.

Berger declined to reveal what method will be tested but said that if successful, he and colleagues could publish results in early 2025.

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Hemp, like other plant species containing toxic contaminants, cannot simply be burned, Berger said.

“That ends up creating airborne forms [of PFAS] that can end up in the atmosphere,” Berger said.

Hemp-based research related to PFAS extraction has been limited, as industrial hemp was only approved for agricultural use in 2018, and funding for such studies remains limited. But Berger and tribal partners recently scored a major funding source to expand their efforts and work toward long-term solutions.

Starting in 2025, the Mi’kmaq Nation, Stanley, Berger, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and Central Aroostook Soil and Water Conservation District will use a four-year, $1.6 million EPA grant to continue hemp planting at Loring and testing potential ways to extract PFAS from harvested hemp.

The Mi’kmaq Nation and Upland Grassroots planted several plots of industrial hemp on land that the tribe owns on the former Loring Air Force Base to discover how much PFAS the hemp could absorb. Credit: Courtesy of Upland Grassroots

As part of the grant, the group will also test areas of the Aroostook River, a waterway that the Central Aroostook Soil & Water Conservation District has found to contain PFAS due to irrigation runoff from nearby crop fields. They will study hemp as a potential rotation crop for keeping PFAS from seeping into potatoes and other produce.

The agricultural studies will be a continuation of work that the conservation district has already begun, Berger said. His lab will test approximately 300 to 400 samples of water from the Aroostook River as well as potatoes and other crops to know the extent of PFAS contamination.

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With colleagues from the Connecticut station, the group will study how PFAS moves through insect food chains using sample insects from Aroostook.

Berger credited the Mi’kmaq Nation and Stanley’s initial collaboration for being one of the first groups to study PFAS and hemp at the community level and bring attention to its potential.

“As a researcher, I have not seen a lot of people work on this until recently, so they’re way ahead of everybody else,” Berger said. “Our goal really is to help other tribes, farmers and rural communities who have been impacted [by PFAS].”



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You Don’t Have to Miss Out on Wings Anymore Thanks to This Maine Favorite

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You Don’t Have to Miss Out on Wings Anymore Thanks to This Maine Favorite


If you’re gluten-free or have celiac disease, you know the feeling: sometimes you just want what everyone else is eating. Wings, fries, pizza, those classic comfort foods that can often feel off-limits. Thankfully, Maine is really starting to show up for the gluten-free community. More restaurants are adding gluten-free options to their menus, and even better, more places are investing in separate fryers to help keep us safe.

One local favorite that deserves a reminder is 104 Main Public House in Topsham. They’ve been serving gluten-free wings, pizza, and fries for quite a while, but it’s worth highlighting again because they do it right. Their menu includes gluten-free wings and gluten-free pizza options, and they are known for accommodating gluten-free diners.

As someone who has personally eaten their wings, I can confidently say they’re delicious and I’ve always felt safe ordering them. Knowing they have a dedicated fryer makes all the difference when you’re navigating celiac disease and trying to enjoy a meal without worrying about cross-contact.

The real question is: are you a ranch or blue cheese person? Do you go for classic BBQ or are you all about the hot wings? Either way, if you’ve been craving crispy, flavorful wings this summer, 104 Main should be at the top of your list.

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It’s great to see more Maine restaurants making gluten-free dining easier, and tastier, for all of us.

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Gallery Credit: Allyssa Marson

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Atlantic Explorer pilot recounts historic 3,000 mile flight from Maine to Europe – The County

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Atlantic Explorer pilot recounts historic 3,000 mile flight from Maine to Europe – The County


Days after Bert Padelt completed a history-making 2,852-mile balloon journey from Maine to Europe across the Atlantic Ocean, the whole experience still felt like a blur. 

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The closet-sized basket where he and his co-pilots endured torrential rain, snow and freezing temperatures was packed up, its voluminous canopy deflated, but the world record-holding American balloon builder couldn’t believe he had finally accomplished a lifelong dream. 

“I kept waking up thinking, did this really happen?” Padelt said in an interview with the Bangor Daily News from Luxembourg, where the Atlantic Explorer landed on June 7. “It’s now starting to sink in, and it has turned out better than I ever thought it would.”

Standing in the basket, pilot Bert Padelt sets up the balloon’s avionics. (Cameron Levasseur | The County)

Padelt — who is from Pennsylvania — alongside fellow American Peter Cuneo and British explorer Alicia Hempleman-Adams, are now the first people to cross an ocean in a hydrogen-powered open-basket balloon, and just the 20th team ever to mount a successful trans-Atlantic balloon flight. 

The trio spent more than 70 hours in the air after taking off from a Presque Isle field early June 4, traveling as fast as 90 miles an hour and as high as 25,000 feet as they navigated strong winds and a storm above the open ocean. They set down near the city of Diekirch in northeastern Luxembourg on a “very peaceful” morning, a stark contrast to the conditions they had faced earlier.

“It was almost like we were on another flight altogether,” Padelt said. “You could hear birds chirping, roosters crowing, cows mooing. You saw fog in the valleys, which was indicating calm winds. Our final hour in the air was an extremely peaceful, wonderful moment.”

Atlantic Explorer sways in the wind under the stars late Wednesday night. (Cameron Levasseur | The County)

The Atlantic Explorer set off from Presque Isle after hours of delays from high winds. The delay prevented the team from getting ahead of bad weather that would catch up to them later, Padelt speculated. 

The first day went well, he said. All their equipment functioned perfectly and the balloon flew well. The team crossed New Brunswick, then Prince Edward Island over the first 12 hours, surpassing where the Atlantic Explorer had been forced down in its previous two attempts due to bad weather and a gas leak. 

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By that evening, they cleared Cape Breton Island and headed for Newfoundland, the last landmass before the open ocean. A few hours later, Padelt, Cuneo and Hempleman-Adams committed to the crossing and ventured out over the Atlantic.

Atmospheric conditions on the second day meant the team had to drop more ballast — jettisoning sand bags from the basket to gain altitude — than they wanted to. 

“We basically knocked off two days of duration [of] ballast,” Padelt said. “But the saving grace is we knew that the speed was going to pick up, so we weren’t all that concerned.”

Then came the storm. 

“It was a surprise,” Padelt said. “We knew the weather was there with the hopes that it was going to be south of us.”

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With little more than a thin rain cover, the Atlantic Explorer battled heavy precipitation through the night. It rose into the clouds, where temperatures dropped as low as 17 degrees below zero and snow built up on top of the balloon, forcing it to sink. The snow turned to rain and then the process repeated itself. 

“This continued probably for about four hours or so,” Padelt said. “But when the sun came up, it was a bright blue sky above us and [the storm] was beyond us.”

The American, United Kingdom and Explorers Club flags hang off the side of the Atlantic Explorer as it inflates. (Cameron Levasseur | The County)

The pilots had projected a successful flight would take four to six days averaging around 35 miles per hour. But as the wind picked up and the sun beat down on the balloon the morning after the storm, the Explorer topped 90 miles per hour. The balloon crossed the open Atlantic Ocean in approximately 37 hours.  

They passed over the beaches of Normandy along the French coast on the evening of June 6, the 82nd anniversary of the D-Day invasion, when the Allied forces used hydrogen powered barrage balloons to prevent German aircraft from attacking their position from a low altitude.

They flew inland overnight, crossing into Luxembourg as the sun rose on June 7, and landed in a field. 

Besides being the first hydrogen-powered trans-Atlantic trip, the journey set a world distance record for the size and type of balloon. Hempleman-Adams, once the youngest person ever to visit the North Pole, also became the first woman to cross the Atlantic in a gas-powered balloon, and the second to do so in any type of balloon.  

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The balloon’s chase team reached the site within an hour. That group included Padelt’s wife, Joanie, with whom he built the Atlantic Explorer. 

“All the times I’ve been thinking about this flight and how I wanted it to end, I wanted it to end with a stand-up landing with my wife there to see the balloon,” Padelt said. “The odds of that are very slim when you think about how far you’re flying … but as it turned out, it worked. And so when she arrived, there were some strong emotions, for sure.”

The pilots of the Atlantic Explorer – from left, Peter Cuneo, Bert Padelt and Alicia Hempleman-Adams – pose on the ground in Luxembourg after successfully completing the first trans-Atlantic balloon crossing by open-basket hydrogen balloon. The flight launched from Presque Isle early Thursday morning. (Courtesy of Christophe Houver)

Members of the Cercle Luxembourgeois de l’Aérostation, a nearby balloon club, also arrived to help the crew deflate and pack up the balloon. 

As their successful crossing drew attention, the royal family of Luxembourg invited the group to the Palais Grand-Ducal — the country’s royal palace. Padelt, Cuneo and the chase team met with the Grand Duke Henri, whom they presented with one of their final two bags of ballast from the flight. 

“He was very, very interested in the flight and how it turned out,” Padelt said. “He was asking quite a few questions and so forth and went to great efforts to welcome us to Luxembourg.”

The crew headed back to the U.S. on Thursday, capping off an adventure Padelt had dreamt of since he was awed by the first trans-Atlantic balloon flight. That balloon, the Double Eagle II, launched from Presque Isle in 1978. 

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As the Atlantic Explorer took off from the same city last week, hidden in the canopy was a 1978 silver dollar, both a good luck charm and an homage to the Double Eagle II, as a new group of balloonists made history. 

“I knew it would be hard. So there were no surprises,” Padelt said. “But the sense of reward afterwards is exactly the feeling I was looking for.”

A view from the basket of the Atlantic Explorer on its quest to cross the open ocean to Europe. (Courtesy of Bert Padelt)



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Maine’s Susan Collins-Graham Platner race expected to draw nearly $400M in ads

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Maine’s Susan Collins-Graham Platner race expected to draw nearly 0M in ads


When BDN shines a light, policymakers act. Make a gift to help our reporters keep Maine’s leaders informed. Make a donation now. 

More than $200 million was spent in Maine’s U.S. Senate race in 2020, a historic figure that raised eyebrows and became a case study for advocates of campaign finance reform.

Six years later, as Democrats bank on progressive Graham Platner and Republicans look to defend five-term U.S. Sen. Susan Collins to keep hold of the Senate, that record is about to be obliterated in political advertising alone.

Overall ad spending in Maine this election cycle could reach almost $500 million, according to the latest projection from AdImpact. The amount is driven by a whopping new estimate of $384 million in the Collins-Platner race alone, making the contest the fourth-most expensive Senate race in the country behind Texas, Michigan and Georgia. The races for the 2nd Congressional District and governor could also see heavy spending.

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The new estimate nearly doubles what AdImpact previously expected in Maine’s Senate race. It comes after contentious primary season spending and after Platner weathered a string of controversies in the fall and recent weeks to secure the Democratic nomination.

More than $150 million in ads through Election Day have already been booked in the race, about $100 million of it by Collins-aligned groups. But Democrats — who outspent Republicans in former Maine House Speaker Sara Gideon’s losing bid in 2020 — are sure to catch up as they push to take back Congress from President Donald Trump’s Republican Party.

“From record-setting races and surging party committee war chests to a competitive landscape that continues to expand, all indicators point to 2026 being the most expensive political advertising cycle in history,” AdImpact said in its report.

Nationwide, AdImpact expects $11.6 billion in ad spending this year, up from the 2023-2024 cycle’s record $11.2 billion. Political spending has exploded nationwide since the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2010 decision in Citizens United v Federal Election Commission.

Ads are also increasingly costly in Maine. A candidate’s 30-second spot in Portland cost an average of almost $250 in 2020, compared with $314 this year. But the rate for a 30-second ad from an issue group has nearly doubled, at almost $945 compared to $490 in 2020, according to AdImpact. Stations must give candidates priority and their lowest rates.

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Month-by-month averages have fluctuated this year, but issue groups that have dominated the airwaves have seen costs rise each of the last three months, with the current average for 30 seconds of airtime almost $1,600.

Running on a message of overhauling the power structure in Washington, Platner has proven a solid fundraiser who effectively booted Gov. Janet Mills from the Senate race. Collins and her allies have offered ads touting the senator’s track record of bringing home federal investment and others targeting Platner’s background, from a Nazi-linked tattoo he’s since covered to offensive social media comments and alleged toxic behavior in past relationships.

Platner outraised Collins between January of last year and May, about $16 million to more than $12 million. Platner has almost $350,000 in ads booked from the day after he won the primary through Election Day. Platner’s bid has received a boost of almost $11 million combined in ads going after Collins from the nonprofit dark money groups Majority Forward, Unrig Our Economy and Duty and Honor.

The Collins campaign hasn’t booked nearly as many ads yet between this week and Election Day. But she has significant help from dark money political action committees such as One Nation and Pine Tree Results PAC, which have already been running ads and have booked more than $46 million million combined so far.

Pine Tree Results has seen at least $1 million in donations from the Lexington Fund-connected Republican legal activist Leonard Leo, and $2.5 million from Florida hedge fund billionaire Ken Griffin. Nearly 100 billionaires and their spouses have donated almost $10 million collectively to Collins’ network since the beginning of last year, The Maine Monitor reported.

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The Winning for Women Action Fund, a super PAC boosting Republican women, has booked $16 million in pro-Collins ads. Her campaign has also received more than $538,000 from at least 315 individual donors bundled through AIPAC, the pro-Israel lobbying group.

Collins’ campaign and allies make the case that Platner will likely pick up just as much if not more super PAC and dark money donations, including from billionaires. They also say while some wealthy donors give based on ideology, many are more focused on stable government, leading them to embrace the longtime lawmaker and chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee.

Platner has rallied progressives around the argument that the money flowing into politics leads to votes that too often help donors, not working Mainers. His campaign on Friday pointed to his endorsement in May by the anti-corruption group End Citizens United, which accuses Collins of never meeting “a corporate PAC check she didn’t like.”

“We’re building a movement to get money out of politics and build a government that represents working people, not billionaires,” Platner said at the time.

American Promise, a Massachusetts-based nonprofit pressing for a constitutional amendment to empower states and Congress to regulate campaign fundraising and spending, has made progress, according to spokesperson Jenny Parker. Idaho in April became the 25th state to formally urge Congress to move on the issue.

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“Fifty years of Supreme Court rulings mean voters don’t have a say over the rules,” she said. “Our solution is seeing very strong momentum, and it is across parties.”



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