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Long-Term Exercise Enhances Fat Tissue Health in Individuals with Obesity

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Long-Term Exercise Enhances Fat Tissue Health in Individuals with Obesity
Research finds that people with obesity who exercise regularly show improved fat tissue health, which may lead to reduced risk of metabolic issues

A recent study from the University of Michigan has found that individuals with obesity who engage in long-term exercise have healthier belly fat tissue, allowing for more effective fat storage compared to their non-exercising counterparts.

This finding supports the importance of regular physical activity for metabolic health and offers encouragement for clients who aren’t able to shed fat despite a regular exercise routine.

Study Highlights

The research team wanted to explore the impact of years of exercise on fat tissue. They compared two groups of adults with obesity: 16 participants who reported exercising at least four times a week for an average of 11 years, and 16 individuals who had never exercised regularly but were matched in terms of body fat mass, weight and sex.

Researchers took samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue—fat located just beneath the skin—from both groups. The results showed that the exercisers had distinct structural and biological differences in their fat tissue, including increased blood vessel density, more mitochondria and higher levels of beneficial proteins. They also had lower amounts of collagen that could interfere with metabolism and fewer inflammation-causing cells.

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“Our findings indicate that regular exercise not only helps expend calories but also modifies fat tissue in ways that allow for healthier fat storage during weight gain, which many people experience as they age,” said Jeffrey Horowitz, a professor of movement science at the U-M School of Kinesiology.

The implications of these findings are important. Storing fat in subcutaneous adipose tissue, the type sampled in this study, is considered healthier than fat accumulation around vital organs, which can lead to serious health issues.

Horowitz noted, “Increasing the capacity to store fat here reduces the likelihood of storing fat in unhealthy areas, such as visceral fat around the organs or in the organs themselves.”

This research builds on earlier studies that observed changes in fat tissue after shorter exercise periods. Horowitz emphasized the need for further investigation into how long-term exercise influences fat tissue health and whether specific types or intensities of exercise yield better results.

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This study provides insights for personal trainers, emphasizing the importance of long-term exercise for metabolic health and fat tissue management. Trainers can leverage these findings to educate clients about the broader health impacts of consistent physical activity beyond just weight loss.

Moreover, fitness professionals can design sustainable long-term exercise programs that promote adherence and highlight the health benefits of regular activity, as opposed to pure aesthetics. Understanding that exercise can lead to healthier fat storage may also help address common client concerns about weight gain as they age, fostering a more positive mindset towards fitness.

While the study findings are positive, there are several limitations. The study involved only 32 participants, which may restrict the generalizability of the results. Also, the reliance on self-reported exercise data could introduce bias and inaccuracies in actual activity levels. The research compared current fat tissue characteristics rather than tracking changes over time, limiting insights into how exercise impacts fat tissue development.

The participants were matched based on specific characteristics, which may overlook other influential factors such as genetics and lifestyle. Also of note: the focus on subcutaneous abdominal fat may not capture the full spectrum of fat distribution and health implications, and the controlled setting may not reflect real-world conditions affecting exercise adherence.

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Continued research in this area will further clarify the relationship between exercise, fat storage and overall health, informing best practices in the fitness industry.

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Coast mother uses endurance training to combat postpartum depression

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Coast mother uses endurance training to combat postpartum depression

BILOXI, Miss. (WLOX) – People feel called to exercise for many reasons — whether it be weight loss, heart health, or recreation. But for one woman on the Coast, it’s fueling her quest to be the best mother she can be.

Bridgette Hamlett is a safety worker at Chevron, a volunteer firefighter, a mother and an endurance athlete.

Hamlett was a college softball player, but her dedication to endurance training did not come until after the birth of her second child.

“One day, I was just doing a CrossFit workout post-partum. I was a couple of months postpartum, and it just hit me: ‘This workout really sucks.’ I just thought about that deeper, and I just came up with the choice to learn to be okay with being uncomfortable,” Hamlett said.

Mental health and fitness

Hamlett said exercise helped boost her mental health after the birth of her second child.

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“After my second son, I did have postpartum depression, and I was very fortunate to have a husband that did pay attention to me and was able to notice the signs, but I think that if I didn’t have my workout community and I wasn’t working out the way that I was, it could have went a lot worse,” Hamlett said.

According to the Mississippi State Department of Health, based on 2021 data, nearly 21% of women in the state reported symptoms of postpartum depression.

Hamlett is encouraging new mothers to take up fitness.

“Pregnancy in itself is kind of rough. So, I think staying active while pregnant is the biggest tip I can give anyone,” Hamlett said. “It gave me an outlet and a way to feel refreshed when I started getting really anxious about things. It is 100% the best medicine for that.”

Hamlett still feels the call to challenge herself, hoping to teach her kids valuable lessons in the process.

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“Constantly, in my mind I’m thinking, ‘Man, if I quit, then I show them it’s okay to quit, and if I keep going, I show them that hard work does pay off,’” Hamlett said. “I just want to show my kids that it is okay to be uncomfortable, and that’s just life.”

Hamlett has her eyes set on the Clash Endurance Duathlon, prepping for over 20 miles of running and biking.

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Varying your exercise routine could add years to your life | CNN

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Varying your exercise routine could add years to your life | CNN

Editor’s note:  Before beginning any new exercise program, consult your doctor. Stop immediately if you experience pain.

Interested in boosting your longevity? All you may have to do is vary your exercise. Switching between activities such as walking, swimming, yoga, gardening and pickleball could result in a whopping 19% decrease in your chance of death from all causes, according to recent research.

“A 19% decrease is a big deal,” said Dr. James Voos, chief of orthopedics at University Hospitals in Westlake, Ohio, who was not involved in the study. “When you look at the literature, anything that has that significant of a response should encourage us to take a look at our habits.”

An international team of scientists pored over data from two large cohort studies involving more than 110,000 people whose physical activity was assessed over 30 years. The findings, published in the journal BMJ Medicine in January, showed that those who had the largest variety in their physical activity lived the longest.

Engaging in many different forms of movement could also be more beneficial than doing the same activity for a longer amount of time, the researchers found.

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“That was the most surprising part of the study,” said Dr. Han Han, one of the study’s two first authors and a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston. “We’re usually thinking more about the quantity of exercise. These results add a new dimension to the existing evidence in this field.”

Adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week, according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, published by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The guidelines also advise adults to do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity at least twice per week, and note that varying your exercises can prevent overuse injuries.

“Engaging in a variety of exercises is definitely beneficial,” Voos said. “Your body needs different ranges of motion, strength and stability, and cross-training lets your body see all of those different movements each week.”

This is especially true for children. Sports medicine experts have long encouraged kids to play multiple sports and not to specialize in one at a young age. A raft of data on the topic shows children who specialize in a sport when young have an increased risk of injury, while those who don’t specialize tend to be healthier, are less bored with exercise and enjoy greater sports achievements when they are older.

But adults and even professional athletes need to vary their routines, too. Voos, who is also head team physician for the Cleveland Browns, said NFL football players at training camp might do a lot of conditioning one day, then work on flexibility and balance the next, then move onto strength training, all of which is intermixed with playing football.

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“So even at the highest levels, our athletes are exposing their bodies to different motions,” Voos said.

Another plus to shaking things up with your exercise routine, especially if you prefer one activity, is that it helps prevent the plateau effect. The plateau effect is a period of time when progress in your favored sport stops, because your body has become very efficient at the movements. To overcome such pauses, you need to change your movement routine and stimulate your body in different ways.

While changing up your exercise is important for many reasons, experts don’t have specific recommendations for how many different exercises you need to do each week or month to achieve the most benefit. But it’s important to work all of your muscle groups each week, if possible, to strengthen them all.

This doesn’t mean you have to run to the gym every day so you can alternate between the treadmill, rowing machine and weights. If you like walking, for example, use trekking poles every other day to give your arms some exercise. Or alternate cycling with digging in the garden.

Keep in mind even simple exercises done at work or home are beneficial, too.

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“Do squats at your desk or push-ups on the wall,” Voos said. “Take a break and walk around the parking lot. Contract your abs while sitting to improve your core strength, which is important for balance. It doesn’t have to be the most sophisticated thing. Anything you can sneak in is great.”

Pumped up about creating a new exercise regimen that might help extend your longevity? Remember it’s also crucial to your health to incorporate rest days into your program. Much as varying your workouts can help prevent overuse injuries and boredom, regular rest days will enhance your overall health. It’s during these rest days, experts say, that your body repairs tissues and refills energy stores, among other crucial functions.

But rest days don’t mean laying on the couch all day. It’s best to be active, perhaps by incorporating some gentle stretching throughout the day.

“Just keep your body moving,” Voos said.

Melanie Radzicki McManus is a freelance writer who specializes in hiking, travel and fitness.

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You don’t need to jump to get an effective cardio workout—this expert trainer explains why

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You don’t need to jump to get an effective cardio workout—this expert trainer explains why

Back in the ’90s, aerobics was all the rage and I’d spend hours every week jumping around to Zumba and step. This was fun in my 20s, but not so feasible in my late 40s with my post-labour pelvic floor.

These days, I like my cardio to be low impact and many of my personal training clients who are over 40—and dealing with pelvic floor, back or knee issues—feel the same.

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