The S&P 500 (SNPINDEX: ^GSPC) is an index of 500 companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges. It’s a prestigious achievement for any company to be admitted into the index, and only the highest-quality names make the cut.

Selection is at the discretion of the Index Committee, but companies must be profitable, and they also need a market capitalization of at least $18 billion. That figure rises over time, because the S&P 500 is weighted by market cap, which means the largest companies in the index have a greater influence over its performance than the smallest.

As a result, technology has become the largest sector in the index with a weighting of 31.4%. It includes trillion-dollar giants Microsoft, Apple, and Nvidia.

Meet the S&P 500 Growth index

The S&P 500 Growth index holds around 231 of the best-performing stocks in the regular S&P 500, and excludes the rest. It selects those stocks based on factors like their momentum and the sales growth of the underlying companies.

Therefore, it’s no surprise the tech sector has a whopping 50.2% weighting in the Growth index. Nvidia, for example, grew its revenue by 262% year over year during its most recent quarter, and its stock has soared 200% over the past 12 months alone.

But here’s the best part. The Growth index rebalances every quarter, which means it removes stocks that no longer meet its criteria for inclusion and replaces them with more suitable candidates. As a result, this index has typically outperformed the regular S&P 500 over the long term.

The Vanguard S&P 500 Growth ETF tracks the S&P 500 Growth index

The Vanguard S&P 500 Growth ETF (NYSEMKT: VOOG) is designed to track the performance of the S&P 500 Growth index by holding the same stocks and maintaining similar weightings.

The below table shows the top five holdings in the Vanguard ETF, and how their weightings compare to the regular S&P 500:

Data source: Vanguard. Portfolio weightings are accurate as of July 31, 2024, and are subject to change.

The Vanguard ETF delivered a return of 36.5% over the past year, comfortably outperforming the S&P 500, which is up 30.2%:

There were two factors at play:

1. The five stocks in the above table have delivered an average return of 76.7% over the past year, and since they have a much higher weighting in the Vanguard ETF relative to the S&P 500, that contributed to the outperformance of the ETF.

2. As I mentioned earlier, the Growth index (and by extension, the Vanguard ETF), only holds the top-performing stocks from the S&P 500 and excludes the laggards, which also contributed to the higher return in the ETF.

Story continues

The Vanguard ETF can outperform the S&P 500 over the long term

The Vanguard ETF has delivered a compound annual return of 15.9% since it was established in 2010, beating the average annual gain of 13.7% in the S&P 500 over the same period. While that 2.2 percentage point difference each year doesn’t sound like much, it makes a big impact in dollar terms thanks to the effects of compounding:

Calculations by author.

If technologies like cloud computing, semiconductors, and artificial intelligence continue to drive the tech sector forward, the largest holdings in the Vanguard ETF are likely to remain constant in the coming years. In that scenario, I predict the ETF will continue outperforming the S&P 500.

However, even if there is a shift in market leadership, the Growth index will rebalance as necessary. Therefore, if the Vanguard ETF does suffer a period of underperformance relative to the S&P 500, I think it’s likely to be very short-lived.

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(Bloomberg) — China has initiated stress tests with financial institutions on their bond investments, to make sure they can handle any market volatility should a record-breaking rally reverse, according to state-run media.

Most Read from Bloomberg

The People’s Bank of China has made a gradual start to the tests recently, wary that a bull run might lead to one-sided bets in long-term government bonds, according to a front-page report by Financial News. Its intention may not necessarily be to significantly push yields higher, the central bank-backed newspaper said citing an unidentified source.

Financial institutions should be able to cope with large drops in bond prices, as crowded holdings in debt positions could easily turn into a “stampede” in the event of a sharp yield reversal, Financial News said. That can raise the likelihood of a liquidity crisis and threaten financial stability, it added.

A stellar rally in Chinese bonds has stalled amid measures to cool sentiment including having state banks sell some bonds and gathering financial institutions for meetings. That has triggered a collapse in government bond trading as investors consider the regulatory moves.

The central bank did not seek to nor will it seek to ban legitimate investments or trading in its government bonds, but it sees risks in a buying spree of the securities, Bloomberg earlier reported, citing people familiar with the PBOC’s thinking.

By doing the tests, the authorities want to see if banks can handle drastic market swings in hypothetical and extreme conditions with their current holdings of assets, the paper said. In the case of the bond market, officials may want to see how banks can react if yields surge by 10, 20 or even 50 basis points in a sudden move, it added.

Financial risks in key areas are being resolved in an orderly manner, PBOC Governor Pan Gongsheng said in an interview with state broadcaster China Central Television that aired Saturday. China will adhere to a supportive monetary policy stance and promote credit growth and gradual decline funding costs, he added.

(Update with more details in the report)

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Eli Lilly (LLY) and Novo Nordisk (NVO) have become hot stocks over the past year thanks to their blockbuster GLP-1 drugs to treat obesity.

Over the last year, Lilly and Novo shares are up 72% and 44%, respectively. By market cap, Novo is the largest company in Europe while Lilly ranks eighth among US companies with a market cap of $900 billion.

Shares of both companies have been bolstered by promising research that shows expanded indications beyond losing weight and treating diabetes, sending investors on the hunt for the next big breakthrough in the space.

On a recent segment of Good Buy or Goodbye (video above), RSE Ventures CEO Matt Higgins made the case for Viking Therapeutics (VKTX).

“We all know what Eli Lilly and what [Novo Nordisk have] done,” Higgins, who is invested in $VKTX, told Yahoo Finance. “But it’s a massive TAM [total addressable market]. It’s a $150 billion market. And [Viking] is a biotechnology firm … and they are onto something pretty amazing. They are working on two products: One is a shot that you would take once a month, and the other is a pill, which is the holy grail and early studies show that it’s being very well tolerated.”

Higgins isn’t the only one who’s noticed. Viking’s shares are up nearly 250% this year. At a market cap of $7 billion, its size is dwarfed by Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly.

Another big contrast with the pharma giants is that Viking doesn’t yet have any revenue because its treatments are still in development. And as of June, the company didn’t even have 30 full-time employees; combined, Novo and Lilly employ more than 100,000 people.

Even with the surge in Viking stock this year, Higgins thinks shares are still attractive, with two potential catalysts going forward.

One is the possibility of being acquired: He ballparks a takeout value at $15 billion, or roughly double today’s value.

The other is a conference in November, at which Viking is speculated to update its findings around its GLP-1s.

“I don’t think it’s priced in at all,” Higgins said.

Julie Hyman is the co-host of Market Domination on Yahoo Finance. You can find her on social media @juleshyman.

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