Finance
Jordan: Empowering climate action in the financial sector
Climate change effects are on the radar of central banks, financial regulators, and supervisors. Climate-related and environmental risks can affect financial stability, but they also provide new green finance opportunities: the financial sector can become a major driver in mobilizing trillions of the highly needed climate finance. As successful climate action requires a whole-of-economy approach, so too does ‘greening’ the financial sector demand a ‘whole-of-financial sector’ approach.
The World Bank (WB) has been spear-heading support to developing countries in greening their financial sectors in a wide range of areas: conducting climate risk assessments; supporting central banks and financial regulators in integrating climate-related considerations into supervisory and regulatory frameworks; developing climate-responsive capital market instruments; and supporting green taxonomies, voluntary carbon markets, and other areas, all based on global expertise and knowledge.
A recent achievement of the cooperation between the WB and Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) has yielded a blueprint for how central banks and financial regulators around the world can move toward a greener financial sector, and this experience can inform a green finance agenda across the MENA region and beyond.
Last November 2023, the CBJ began their journey towards greening the financial sector by launching the Green Finance Strategy 2023 – 2028. The World Bank is proud to have provided technical assistance in developing this strategy, and we hope that it will inspire other countries. Our support for developing similar strategies spans from inception to fruition: advice on the scope and level of granularity; bringing in good international practices and latest developments in climate risk management and green finance; assistance in selecting targets and setting up action plans to achieve those targets; facilitating stakeholder engagement, including support in conducting baseline surveys; etc.
Jordan has been an early mover in the MENA region on climate action having submitted ambitious climate change commitments eight years ago. Yet, meeting these commitments largely depends on securing as-yet-unidentified financing. Simple calculations show that if, hypothetically, 20% of Jordan’s banking sector’s credit portfolio is made green, it would more than cover the expected private sector share of Jordan’s US$10 billion climate investment needs by 2030.
CBJ’s Green Finance Strategy includes : 1) a comprehensive capacity-building program, 2) the first climate risk assessment for Jordan’s financial sector, 3) integration of climate-related considerations into a micro-prudential and financial stability supervisory framework, 4) regulations and guidelines to integrate climate-responsive and environmental factors into all aspects of financial decision-making, including corporate governance structures, risk management and internal controls, disclosure and reporting, and green financing, 5) inclusive green finance, 6) sustainable Islamic finance, and 7) green finance mobilization measures. All the milestones are accompanied by detailed action plans with targets and timelines for their achievement, spanning across the banking sector, insurance, and non-bank financial institutions.
Key Milestones of the CBJ’s Green Finance Strategy 2023-2028
The WB will continue to provide implementation support for the Strategy. The climate risk assessment is underway, and the first phase of a comprehensive green finance capacity-building program is expected to be delivered in the coming months. Also, work on the National Green Taxonomy has commenced.
The following are some of the lessons our team learned from behind the scenes of working on this project:
- Embrace emerging areas of green finance. The CBJ’s Green Finance Strategy has explicit targets in relatively new areas such as inclusive green finance, results-based climate finance, sustainable Islamic finance, low-carbon transition plans, and others.
- Do not forget the green finance demand side to empower the financial sector in driving the transition toward a more resilient and greener economy. Comprehensive and coordinated national green policies are essential to creating demand for green financing.
- Green finance strategy is a strong policy signal affecting the behavior of financial institutions (FIs) and setting the tone for FIs’ proactive preparation to comply with forthcoming green finance regulations and policies.
- Regulators and supervisors can lead by example. The CBJ is establishing a Green Finance and Climate Risk Division and is arranging a green finance capacity building program to be implemented jointly for CBJ’s and FIs’ staff.
- Addressing data gaps is a critical step for evidence-based greening of the financial sector.
- Be flexible and adjust along the way. While green finance and climate risk management are rapidly advancing, practical implementation remains in the early stages across many countries, and there are still many more lessons to be learned along the way.
- Gradual implementation and proportionality are key to greening the financial sector.
The launch event of the CBJ’s Green Finance Strategy convened public, private, and financial sector representatives, international partners, Sustainable Banking and Finance Network representatives, as well as peers from Morocco and Egypt. (Photography by World Bank)
You can also watch a brief video about the CBJ’s Green Finance Strategy.
Finance
Homebuyers warned as market stalls: ‘Hesitation turns to urgency’
With rising interest rates, a war in the Middle East and high fuel prices, a lot of property investors are likely feeling a little cautious about the current environment. For many buyers, the instinct to wait for certainty feels like the responsible thing to do.
Wait until interest rates stabilise, the news headlines improve or until the market feels safer. But in property, certainty often comes at a cost.
Some of the most significant buying opportunities emerge during periods of uncertainty, when headlines are negative, confidence is low, and most buyers are sitting on the sidelines. This pattern has a name. I call it the V effect.
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The V effect captures what typically happens during periods of disruption, whether economic shocks, natural disasters or geopolitical events. Markets experience a sharp drop in activity and sentiment, followed by a recovery that can be just as swift. At the bottom of that V is where opportunity tends to be the highest.
During this phase, competition thins out, vendors become more flexible, and some withdraw their listings entirely. Properties take longer to sell. The market slows, but it does not stop.
The length of any downturn depends on the nature of the disruption. Localised events such as flooding or cyclones may compress activity for two to four months while recovery takes place. Broader economic or geopolitical shocks can extend that window, but sentiment can also rebound quickly once confidence returns. What remains consistent is the pattern itself.
When uncertainty peaks, activity drops. When certainty returns, buyers flood back in. And this is where many buyers misread the cycle. By waiting for conditions to feel safer, they are effectively waiting until the market has already begun recovering, moving up the right-hand side of the V. Competition intensifies, prices firm up, and your ability to negotiate diminishes. The moment that feels the safest to buy is often the most expensive one.
Buyers who act during uncertainty position themselves differently. They face less competition, have far greater negotiating power and can secure properties on better terms. When the market recovers, as it has consistently done throughout history, those buyers benefit from the uplift that follows.
Finance
Fayette schools face accounting concerns as outside reviews continue
LEXINGTON, Ky. — As the school district works to rectify potentially decades of inaccurate accounting, two finance employees with Fayette County Public Schools are on paid leave. At the same time, two external reviews continue for Kentucky’s second-largest school district.
FCPS Superintendent Demetrus Liggins said he’s been made aware of troubling and deeply concerning information.
“I’ve spoken with several of our district’s financial advisor and our external audit firm and have conducted our that’s conducted our routine audit. and those conversations have also revealed issues that I was unaware of,” Liggins said.
One review is from accounting firm Weaver and Tidwell, hired by the district, and another, which Liggins said he requested, is being conducted by the auditor of public accounts.
While those reviews are ongoing, and based on preliminary reporting, Liggins said he’s been informed of both inaccuracies and improper accounting practices that date back to 2008.
Last month, the district hired Kyna Koch, a former associate commissioner of finance for the Kentucky Department of Education, as the interim chief financial officer.
Since taking on the task, she said she doesn’t have confidence in the numbers she’s been asked to review.
“Federal and state requirements may not have been followed, and our accounting procedures may not have been aligned with acceptable practices,” Koch said.
Koch said inaccuracies were found in revenue collection, record-keeping, invoicing, and that spending guidelines may not have been followed.
Now she’s helping set new measures, like additional reviews, to dig deeper and provide a clearer financial picture.
“It’s clear that these practices are sometimes nuanced and not easily identified through routine financial reports that are provided to the superintendent and the board. Some of these things would not have been readily apparent based on the information typically generated,” Koch said.
Koch is also recommending that the district get a short-term loan to cover expenditures until next fall’s property taxes are collected.
Though the district is not releasing names at this time, Liggins did comment on the status of some finance administrators.
“We currently have three administrators in our financial and accounting office. Two are on paid administrative leave, and one is on medical leave,” Koch said.
Those on paid administrative leave are pending an investigation.
Liggins said while they are still awaiting finalized reports from those outside audits, they’re aiming for accuracy and transparency in their next moves.
“As we continue this work, I’m committed to following the facts wherever they may lead, and whatever they may uncover, we’re only after the truth,” Liggins said.
Liggins was asked on Thursday whether property taxes would increase for the 2026-27 school year. He said they are not currently planning to ask the board to raise property taxes any more than they typically have in years past.
On Monday, Koch will present her latest findings to the board at its regularly scheduled finance meeting.
Koch also said the district plans to have a loan proposal ready as soon as next month.
Finance
KCRHA board institutes hiring freeze, finance committee as audit suggests millions missing
SEATTLE — The King County Regional Homelessness Authority’s governing board approved a hiring freeze on Friday and ordered a finance committee review after an audit revealed millions of dollars in unaccounted taxpayer funds.
The vote came late Friday afternoon amid growing calls to disband the agency.
RELATED: City, county councilmembers move to dissolve KCRHA after audit flags $13M unaccounted for
KCRHA CEO Kelly Kinnison told the board there are “no missing funds,” despite the audit indicating about $13 million could not be accounted for. The report also found the agency lacked a chief financial officer, had missing receipts, and allowed purchasing card use with little oversight.
Mike Nurse, a certified fraud examiner with Clark Nuber, detailed the independent audit during a presentation that lasted more than an hour. He said the agency’s structure as a “pass-through entity” for the city and county, combined with weak internal controls, contributed to financial issues, including a negative cash balance and funds that may not be recoverable.
The governing board is co-chaired by King County Executive Girmay Zahilay and Seattle Mayor Katie Wilson. Wilson attended the meeting remotely and briefly addressed the board, reiterating earlier comments that all options remain on the table.
Wilson declined to comment when approached by a reporter earlier Friday.
Zahilay led much of the discussion, and the board unanimously approved the finance committee review. Wilson’s office, represented by Deputy Mayor Brian Surratt, supported the measure, including the addition of a hiring freeze.
PREVIOUS COVERAGE: $13M missing: Seattle leaders call attention to ‘egregious’ regional homelessness audit
Just 24 hours earlier, Seattle City Councilmember Maritza Rivera and King County Councilmember Rod Dembowski announced they were sponsoring a joint resolution to eliminate the KCRHA and unwind the agency over the course of the next year.
Zahilay did not go that far when asked about the possibility on Friday.
“This is not a light switch that can be turned on and off,” he said. “We have to think through all of the ramifications. There are contracts, there is federal funding at risk, there are people’s jobs, and most importantly, we don’t want to disrupt services.”
Seattle City Councilmember Alexis Mercedes Rinck, who previously worked as a director at KCRHA, now serves on the governing board. Speaking after the meeting, she said she left the agency three years ago in part because of concerns about its operations.
“I left three years ago primarily because of the dysfunction I was witnessing within the agency,” Mercedes Rinck said.
She said her focus now is on understanding the full scope of the situation.
“My focus in this moment is ensuring that we really sort out what the truth is in this matter,” she said.
Asked whether it is time to dissolve KCRHA, she urged caution.
“It’s important that we don’t take any knee-jerk reactions when we’re talking about immediate changes,” she said.
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