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Time’s Up: Cryptocurrency Has Become a National Security Issue

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Time’s Up: Cryptocurrency Has Become a National Security Issue

Final month, the FBI introduced that North Korean hackers had stolen greater than $600 million in cryptocurrency from a web-based gaming firm, Axie Infinity, in March 2022. The North Korean hacker unit, the Lazarus Group, has not too long ago targeted its cyberattacks on blockchain applied sciences, stealing an estimated $1.75 billion price of cryptocurrency in recent times. North Korea’s cyber operations have been effectively documented in recent times, and the Lazarus Group itself has been closely sanctioned by the U.S Treasury Division. Nevertheless, questions stay about how Pyongyang’s cyber brokers switch stolen cryptocurrency into fiat foreign money for the Kim household regime. There are additionally allegations that Pyongyang makes use of stolen digital foreign money to bolster its nuclear arsenal. If these allegations are true, worldwide sanctions have carried out little to stem the cryptocurrency-funded development of North Korea’s nuclear program. As an alternative, a tailor-made securities regulation plan to stem North Korea’s cash laundering scheme needs to be carried out by the US and its allies.

North Korean cyber brokers switched out their digital tokens for ether utilizing decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges. North Korean hackers then make the most of “mixers,” which mix cryptocurrency funds with different monetary transactions and obfuscate the origins of the ill-gotten funds. Blockchain analytics agency Elliptic estimates that North Korean hackers laundered 18 %, or round $108 million, of the funds stolen through the assault on Axie Infinity. This profitable theft will embolden Pyongyang and encourage much more assaults from North Korean hackers on blockchain targets

Whereas North Korea is an impoverished nation with out entry to the web for the overwhelming majority of its residents, its cyber brokers are extraordinarily refined and educated on cryptocurrency issues. For instance, the North Koreans are extraordinarily curious about mining Monero, “the privateness coin.”  North Koreans want this cryptocurrency since Monero mining is feasible from standard computer systems, transactions stay nameless, and the funds are extraordinarily exhausting to trace. 

Nevertheless, questions stay about how North Korean hackers convert stolen cryptocurrency into fiat foreign money for the regime. Some of the believable situations is that North Korea makes use of its long-established illicit networks within the growing world to hold out cash laundering schemes. Because the Seventies, many North Korean diplomats and embassy officers in Africa and Southeast Asian nations have engaged in illicit actions reminiscent of drug trafficking and ivory smuggling. With this in thoughts, the North Korean regime is probably going using these underground prison networks for its cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Whereas most reputable corporations won’t settle for cryptocurrency as cost for bodily objects, some shady entities within the Asian prison underground could also be prepared to promote the North Koreans much-needed objects for inflated cryptocurrency costs, that means that North Koreans residing overseas might be utilizing cryptocurrency to buy oil shipments and navy know-how. Alternatively, the North Koreans might be changing digital foreign money by casinos and different playing ventures in Southeast Asia. As an example, after the 2016 Bangladesh Financial institution cyber heist, North Koreans used casinos in Southeast Asia to scrub their stolen funds and convert them into on line casino chips after which into money. Because the pandemic started in February 2020, North Korean diplomats and officers haven’t returned residence as a result of tight border closures. Nonetheless, these politically dedicated and dependable employees stay lively within the international margins, supporting the Kim household regime and funneling funds into the Occasion’s coffers. 

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It was already well-known that North Koreans are utilizing digital foreign money mixers to make prison proceeds indistinguishable from the funds of different clients. Nevertheless, U.S officers have lastly realized that sanctioning these mixers might undermine North Korea’s cyber actions. For instance, on Could 6, the Treasury Division sanctioned a digital foreign money mixer, Blender.io, for the primary time. North Korean hackers had used this mixer extensively for illicit monetary actions. Underneath Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Monetary Intelligence Brian E. Nelson acknowledged, “At the moment, for the primary time ever, Treasury is sanctioning a digital foreign money mixer. Digital foreign money mixers that help illicit transactions pose a risk to U.S. nationwide safety pursuits. We’re taking motion towards illicit monetary exercise by the DPRK and won’t enable state-sponsored thievery and its money-laundering enablers to go unanswered.”

North Korea’s stolen cryptocurrency proceeds are exhausting to trace, and the Lazarus Group is adept at rapidly laundering digital foreign money into extra reputable monetary streams. This infusion of stolen cryptocurrency into the Kim household regime’s coffers is probably going protecting the Occasion’s elite afloat through the nation’s intensive border closures. Whereas the North Korean folks endure underneath brutal financial circumstances, the management prioritizes nuclear improvement and the development of the regime’s cyber operations. With these cyber heists, the regime is ready to keep afloat throughout inner financial misery. In confronting Pyongyang’s aggression and belligerence on the worldwide stage, analysts and sanctions officers ought to assess North Korea’s cryptocurrency heists and cash laundering schemes extra robustly.  

Nevertheless, that is additionally a structural subject with the crypto-economy. Fairly than issuing largely symbolic sanctions on North Korean cyber entities every time there’s a main Pyongyang-affiliated hack, U.S officers ought to focus their efforts on regulating all the cryptocurrency trade. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrency appeals to North Korean hackers, and the U.S authorities must take a extra aggressive strategy to regulating all the trade. The know-how is ripe for sanctions evasion, and authoritarian governments, reminiscent of North Korea, use these decentralized platforms to keep away from regulated Western financial establishments. By making cryptocurrency a nationwide safety subject, the U.S authorities can implement much-needed laws on this trade and be sure that overseas adversaries don’t use the applied sciences for nefarious agendas that threaten American establishments’ monetary and political stability. Fraud and hacks are ripe within the crypto-economy, and U.S shoppers want to grasp the nationwide safety implications of the unregulated world of crypto.

Benjamin R. Younger is an assistant professor of homeland safety and emergency preparedness within the Wilder Faculty of Authorities and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth College. He’s the writer of the e book Weapons, Guerillas, and the Nice Chief: North Korea and the Third World, and his writing has appeared in a spread of media shops and peer-reviewed scholarly journals. Comply with him on Twitter @DubstepInDPRK.

Picture: Reuters.

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What Is Celestia (TIA) Cryptocurrency?

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What Is Celestia (TIA) Cryptocurrency?

The native token of the Celestia blockchain, TIA has a market capitalisation of over $US1.3 billion. That places it in the top 100 coins globally, but the token’s value seems to be trending downwards.

TIA started the year at around $US12, reached an all-time high of over $US20 in February, and at the time of writing was worth $US6.90. Of course that’s still up over 200% on its initial listing price of $US2.08 around 240 days prior.

Celestia is a Layer 1 blockchain, designed to be ‘modular’ in nature with the goal of making it easy for developers to launch their own blockchain. Development time is primarily reduced by enabling developers to combine existing rollup (aka Layer 2 scaling solution) technology options to create their own customised stack. Celestia lets you can build an independent blockchain where:

  • The ‘execution’ layer of the blockchain—where smart contracts and transactions happen—can be separate from the consensus mechanism.
  • The blockchain’s consensus mechanisms and data availability functions leverage Celestia infrastructure, including its network validators.

The Celestia project was initiated in 2019 by co-founders Mustafa Al-Bassam and Ismail Khoffi and attracted considerable venture capital investment including a $US1.5 million seed round in 2021 and $US55 million raised in 2022. Celestia is built on the Cosmos SDK framework.

What Is the TIA Token?

One billion TIA tokens were created, with 20% for public allocation. Its current circulating supply is around 193 million. More tokens owed to initial investors will be gradually unlocked over coming years—which can be freely traded—with the first unlock event in October this year.

The TIA token’s role in the Celestia blockchain is three-fold:

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  1. Developers use TIA to pay gas fees on transactions and to publish data to what’s known as a ‘blobspace’ on the network’s data availability layer.
  2. Network validators and delegators stake TIA to support network consensus activities—verifying and securing transactions across a decentralised network of computers—as Celestia is a proof-of-stake blockchain. Validators and delegators also earn staking rewards in the form of TIA.
  3. TIA holders get some governance powers, being able to propose and vote on proposals to change a subset of network parameters.

Celestia’s TIA token is not to be confused with the token of the Tiamonds project, which also trades under the TIA symbol. The alternate TIA is a token distributed to owners of tokenised diamonds sold via the Tiamonds platform—which touts itself as the world’s largest tokenised diamond marketplace.

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Usiacurí Pioneers Cryptocurrency Integration in Colombia with the Crypto District Initiative

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Usiacurí Pioneers Cryptocurrency Integration in Colombia with the Crypto District Initiative
  • Usiacurí becomes Colombia’s first municipality to integrate cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Tether, and Tron into its economy.
  • The “Crypto District” initiative is a partnership between Usiacurí’s municipality, Certika, Universidad de la Costa, and Corporación CienTech.

Usiacurí, a quaint coastal town in Colombia, has taken a pioneering step by becoming the country’s first municipality to legally incorporate cryptocurrencies into its local economy. Launched on June 21, this innovative move is part of the “Crypto District” project, a collaborative effort between the Usiacurí municipality, Certika, Universidad de la Costa, and Corporación CienTech.

usiacuri-pioneers-cryptocurrency-integration-in-colombia-with-the-crypto-district-initiative
The CienTech Corporation participated in the launch of the Crypto District project in Usiacurí Atlántico, an initiative developed in alliance with Certika, the Universidad de la Costa (CUC) and the Mayor’s Office of Usiacurí that will allow the population of Usiacurí to connect to large global capitals through through Blockchain, the technology behind cryptocurrencies.

This initiative allows the use of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Tether, and Tron for both tourists and local residents to conduct transactions. The integration of digital currencies into Usiacurí’s economy is aimed at addressing the needs of foreign tourists and adapting to the demands of an increasingly globalized and digital world.

As we have written in Crypto News Flash, it positions Usiacurí at the forefront of financial technology by enabling artisans and local businesses to transact using blockchain technology, thus providing a fast and secure payment method.

Beyond facilitating e-commerce, the project is designed to boost the local economy by enabling artisans and small businesses to seamlessly sell their goods and services using blockchain technology. This move is expected to transform how commercial transactions are conducted in Usiacurí, enhancing efficiency and security for both buyers and sellers.

The inspiration for the “Crypto District” came from Bitcoin’s adoption in El Salvador, which you can read more about in our coverage in Crypto News Flash,  which was closely studied by Tito Crissien, the executive director of CienTech and an advisor at Universidad de la Costa. The university has been instrumental in the project, providing research and academic support through its studies on blockchain and its applications.

Crissien commented:

“The participation of the Universidad de la Costa was fundamental throughout the entire process, since through its teachers and researchers they have been strengthening the line of research into blockchain and its applications, such as this tool that “It allowed us to turn Usiacurí into the first municipality with a cryptocurrency district, generating more sales in its tourism and hotel sector.”

Usiacurí’s mayor, Julio Mario Calderón, expressed his enthusiasm about the initiative, highlighting its potential to attract visitors and establish the municipality as a key destination for cryptocurrency enthusiasts. According to reports, over 60 local artisans, three hotels, two tourist guide agencies, and seven restaurants are already participating in the project.

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At the project’s launch, local artisans were equipped with cryptocurrency wallets and trained to conduct their first transactions. This initiative not only enhances Usiacurí’s tourism and hospitality sectors but also positions it as an innovative model for integrating crypto technology into municipal management and local commerce.

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COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75%

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COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75%
Credit: CC0 Public Domain

Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic saw an exponential rise in cryptocurrency investments which was partially driven by the stress of social isolation, QUT researchers have found.

The study’s results have major implications for financial advisors, marketers and policymakers on how to curb excessive risk-taking among isolated individuals.

The article, “Social isolation and risk-taking behavior: The case of COVID-19 and cryptocurrency,” was published in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.

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Dr. Thusyanthy Lavan and Professor Brett Martin, from the QUT School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, with overseas colleagues, studied the consumer interest in cryptocurrency during the pandemic.

Dr. Lavan said the team looked at the impact of the pandemic’s prolonged enforced social isolation coupled with economic instability that drove risk-taking behavior, particularly in cryptocurrency investment.

“At the beginning of the pandemic, in January 2020, market capitalization of these online currencies was about $191 billion but had surged to $769 billion by December 2020,” Dr. Lavan said.

“This shift is underscored by the significant increase in the Bitcoin price, up 700% from March 2020 to March 2021.

“The attraction of these high-risk investments could be linked to their perceived potential for high returns during times of economic instability and market volatility.

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“A further factor might be people’s tendency to try to reinstate some control in their lives and gravitate toward more autonomous and seemingly empowering activities, such as trading in cryptocurrencies.

“With this in mind, our aim was to look for the broader psychological responses to social isolation that catalyzed these changes in consumer decision-making, particularly in adopting new, and potentially riskier behaviors.

“Previous research has established the direct effects of social isolation on risk-taking behavior in non-purchase situations such as sharing of personal information on social media, but this is one of the first studies to examine risky purchase behavior.”

Professor Martin said they conducted a survey in December 2022 during a lockdown period in Australia of 216 participants screened for awareness of and familiarity with cryptocurrency but who were not current investors.

“By focusing on potential future investors, we aimed to capture unbiased perceptions and insights into cryptocurrency investment decisions,” Professor Martin said.

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“Our survey sought to identify how three psychological constructs—perceived stress, sense of control and neuroticism—might underlie the relationship between social isolation and risk-taking behavior.

“Perceived stress is a personal interpretation of stress regarding a situation in a person’s life they consider to be beyond their adaptive capacities, while sense of control reflects a person’s belief in their ability to influence events and outcomes in their life.

“Neuroticism is a tendency to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and impulsiveness.

“Our analysis of the results showed that perceived stress, rather than a sense of control or neuroticism, plays a key role in driving risk-taking behaviors during periods of social isolation.

Professor Martin said the researchers were not criticizing cryptocurrency.

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“To be clear, my recently published research has shown how the process of cryptocurrency investing can have a positive effect on peoples’ lives.

“In this project, we looked at the effect of lockdowns and isolation-induced risk-taking. This research can provide insights on developing better support strategies for vulnerable populations.”

The research team comprised Dr. Lavan, Professor Martin, and Professor Weng Marc Lim and Professor Linda Hollebeek from Sunway University, Malayasia.

More information:
Thusyanthy Lavan et al, Social isolation and risk-taking behavior: The case of COVID-19 and cryptocurrency, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103951

Provided by
Queensland University of Technology

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Citation:
COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75% (2024, June 25)
retrieved 25 June 2024
from https://phys.org/news/2024-06-covid-social-isolation-drove-cryptocurrency.html

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