Crypto
Hong Kong’s Successful Approach To Cryptocurrency Regulation
A number of measures show that Hong Kong is determined to foster a “vibrant ecosystem” for virtual assets and other related products.
Jill Wong, partner at law firm Reed Smith, writes about
how Hong Kong tackles regulating cryptocurrencies, a task
which involves judging how to balance innovation against
risk.
The editors are pleased to share these views and invites
readers’ responses. The usual editorial disclaimers apply. Email
tom.burroughes@wealthbriefing.com
Like many other jurisdictions, the initial response in Hong Kong
to the advent of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies was to ask:
“what is this?” This has since evolved, although in the
initial stages of regulatory thinking virtual assets (VAs) were
regulated only to the extent that they fitted into existing laws
governing financial services. For example, VAs that resemble
traditional securities were treated as ‘securities’ or “futures
contracts’ under existing securities laws, and were subject
to the licensing, marketing and other requirements under Hong
Kong law.
However, as these laws were not formulated with VAs in mind,
there were VAs that did not fit neatly into traditional
definitions and so fell outside the regulatory net. The
securities regulator, the Hong Kong Securities and Futures
Commission (SFC), took steps to address this in the form of
public statements, warning the public that VAs, such as
cryptocurrencies, needed to be licensed. For instance, Initial
Coin Offerings could be seen as “collective investment
schemes,” and therefore required a licence under the
Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO), whilst bitcoin futures
also required a licence under the SFO as “futures contracts.”
Matters accelerated in 2018 when the SFC expanded its regulatory
oversight to cover existing SFC licensees who were portfolio
managers and distributors of VA funds. This was a significant
step in bringing greater oversight and stability to the VA
ecosystem.
The SFC issued a position paper in 2019, outlining a new
framework for regulating centralised VA trading
platforms (VATPs). VATPs that provide trading services in both
non-security VAs and security VAs would fall within the
regulatory net of the SFC. However, a loophole existed: VATPs
that only dealt with non-security VAs remained unregulated.
This was soon dealt with. In June 2023, after extensive
consultation, Hong Kong enacted a comprehensive licensing regime
for VATPs. Under this regime, VATPs performing activities in
non-security VAs are required to obtain a VATP licence under the
Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance
(AMLO).
The current position and outlook
Hong Kong has ambitions to be a VA hub. It is already moving in
the right direction, with the UN Trade & Development Report in
2023 ranking Hong Kong ninth in the world in terms of its
preparedness for frontier technologies. Hong Kong’s commitment to
innovation (while giving due protection to investors) and a
crypto-friendly legal framework have also positioned the
territory as a global leader in the VA space.
Hong Kong regulators continue to supplement the current framework
for VAs. This includes introducing licensing regimes for issuers
of fiat-referenced stablecoins and over-the-counter trading in
VAs. The regulators have already completed public consultations
on these regulatory proposals and plan to introduce the relevant
legislation soon.
Hong Kong also became the first jurisdiction in Asia to offer
retail investors the ability to trade spot bitcoin and Ether
ETFs, pioneering an in-kind redemption mechanism. This provided
investors with additional flexibility to buy and sell shares of
crypto tokens with a portfolio of securities, financial
derivative instruments or VAs instead of cash.
This is a pivotal move to integrate VAs into mainstream financial
products in Hong Kong. The inclusion of Ether also opens the door
for new ETFs tracking other major cryptocurrencies. This will
further diversify the offerings of exchange-traded products in
Hong Kong which now include a metaverse ETF, a blockchain
ETF and some VA futures ETFs.
Hong Kong is also investing heavily in fintech, a key driver for
the city’s competitive advantage. For example, the Hong Kong
government has commissioned the Hong Kong Monetary Authority
(HKMA) to subsidise training costs for eligible practitioners in
the finance sector under the Fintech Subsidy Scheme.
The latest 2023 “Fintech Promotion Roadmap” outlined five key
pillars for development, emphasising the adoption of fintech
solutions across Hong Kong’s banking industry, expanding the
fintech-savvy workforce, and enhancing data infrastructure.
At the same time, the HKMA’s exploration of a retail Central Bank
Digital Currency, the e-HKD, reflects the regulator’s commitment
to staying at the forefront of digital currency innovation.
Earlier this year, the HKMA launched a stablecoin
“sandbox.” This allows prospective issuers to conduct
experiments under relaxed regulatory settings and will facilitate
dialogue between the issuers and regulators. A high-profile
example is a fintech firm, founded by a former senior regulator,
actively working on a Hong Kong dollar-backed stablecoin,
partnering with prominent players in the digital payments and VA
sectors to explore the use of its stablecoin in retail and
cross-border payments.
Legal advantages?
Hong Kong’s legal system also provides a favourable environment
for the VA industry. Cryptocurrencies have been recognised by
Hong Kong courts as ‘property’ which can be the subject of a
trust in a liquidation context. The courts have also granted
freezing injunctions over cryptocurrencies as asset preservation
measures. These rulings provide welcome certainty for traders and
investors.
That said, while Hong Kong can be viewed as a crypto-friendly
jurisdiction, it is not an “easy” jurisdiction for regulatory
arbitrage. The current VATP licensing regime is stringent and
robust (some argue too stringent). The existing licensing regime
sets out detailed criteria for applicants’ financial resources,
management and governance structure, VA token admission
requirements, client assets custody, and anti-money laundering
and counter-terrorist financing policies.
The SFC has also reiterated that VATPs cannot serve mainland
Chinese residents. These exacting requirements and the lack of
access to mainland customers may have prompted several major
exchange players to withdraw their VATP licence applications.
However, a robust regulatory regime is arguably a necessary
foundation for sustainable growth. It gives credibility to
businesses that commit to compliance and boosts investor
confidence. This would explain the undiminished interest in Hong
Kong amongst the 17 would-be VATPs waiting to be licensed.
Is Hong Kong edging out the competition?
Traditional financial institutions interested in VA distribution
or fund management should be encouraged by recent moves by the
HKMA and SFC. In December 2023, the HKMA and SFC issued the third
joint circular on intermediaries dealing with VAs, expanding the
way for brokers, advisors and fund managers to provide VA-related
services.
There are additional guardrails for investor protection: most
VA-related products are likely to be considered as complex
products and, except in limited circumstances, distributors will
therefore need to comply with existing requirements for sales of
complex products. This includes a suitability assessment of the
VA-related product for the investors.
Only professional investors would have access to these
products. However, there are some options for retail
investors because they can trade VA-related products that are
traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and some other specified
exchanges and the VA funds that are authorised by the SFC for
public offering. This should be a major boost to the VA markets
in Hong Kong.
In addition, the SFC has already greenlighted 25 funds allowing
them to have portfolios that invest more than 10 per cent in VAs.
Traditional banks and securities brokers can also offer VA
dealing services through partnerships with SFC-licensed VATPs.
Several securities brokers have already obtained the go-ahead
from the SFC and, whilst there are currently only two licensed
VATPs, there are likely to be more in future.
These measures demonstrate Hong Kong’s determination to foster a
vibrant ecosystem for VAs, innovative products, and those
that distribute, manage and invest in them. The global
marketplace is competitive, but Hong Kong has positioned itself
at the forefront of this global market and is well-placed to reap
the rewards in the coming years.
Disclaimer: This is for information only and is not
legal advice.
Crypto
Anthropic Adds ID Verification to Claude for Select AI Users
Key Takeaways:
- Anthropic added ID checks for Claude users in April 2026, gating some features.
- Persona handles verification; Anthropic says no ID images are stored on its systems.
- OpenAI and Google Gemini lack similar rules, raising competition questions.
Anthropic Introduces Government ID Verification for Some Claude Users
The change appeared in a help center update published during the week of April 14–16, 2026, and is not applied across all users. Instead, prompts surface in specific cases tied to higher-tier plans, advanced capabilities, or internal safety reviews.
According to Anthropic, the goal is to limit abuse, enforce platform rules, and meet legal obligations. The company frames the rollout as part of routine integrity checks rather than a universal onboarding requirement.
Users who encounter the prompt must provide a physical, government-issued photo ID and complete a live selfie scan. Anthropic details that the process typically takes less than five minutes and requires a camera-enabled device.
Accepted documents include passports, driver’s licenses, and national ID cards. Digital copies, screenshots, or temporary paper IDs are rejected, along with non-government credentials such as student or employee cards.
The verification workflow is handled by Persona, which processes ID data on Anthropic’s behalf. Anthropic says it does not store the underlying ID images on its own systems. Instead, Persona retains the data under contractual limits, while Anthropic maintains access to verification results when needed for account review or appeals.
The company states that all data is encrypted and used only for identity confirmation, fraud prevention, and compliance. Anthropic also says identity data is not used to train its AI models and is not shared for marketing purposes. Disclosure is limited to legal requirements.
The move reflects growing pressure on AI platforms to address misuse, including fraud and impersonation. Anthropic has also cited age restrictions, with some under-18 accounts reportedly suspended pending verification.
Reaction from users has been mostly unfavorable. “Claude now requires government ID verification (via Persona) before subscription,” one critic wrote. “ChatGPT doesn’t. Gemini doesn’t. Anthropic just handed their competitors a gift,” the X account added. On Reddit, one person stated:
“Goofy. Cannot wait till we have capable off-line LLMs that doesn’t cost a fortune to run.”
The co-founder of the media brand Bankless, Ryan Sean Adams, also shared his view. “AI KYC is here. New claude subscribers asked for gov ID & photo,” Adams wrote. “Not even a regulatory requirement – Anthropic just doing it because they want to. But regulatory is coming Next up will be laws: No AI without gov-issued ID All AI use tracked to individual – no private AI.”
The backlash has been amplified by comparisons to competitors. Platforms like OpenAI and Google’s Gemini do not currently require government ID verification for standard chatbot use. Others competitors, like Venice AI, are private alongside the use of local models.
That difference has led some users to question whether stricter controls could push activity toward less restrictive services. Others argue the shift signals a broader move toward KYC-style checks in consumer AI.
For now, the system remains targeted rather than universal. But its presence suggests identity verification may become a more common layer as AI platforms expand access to more capable tools.
Crypto
Report: China Yuan Stablecoin Could Arrive in 3 to 5 Years, Circle CEO Says
Key Takeaways:
- Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire predicted China could launch a yuan-backed stablecoin within 3 to 5 years.
- USDC grew 72% year-on-year to $75.3 billion by end-2025, boosted by U.S.-Iran war demand for portable dollars.
- Hong Kong has already issued stablecoin licenses to HSBC and others, positioning it as a likely launchpad for CNY tokens.
Allaire: ‘There’s a Tremendous Opportunity for a Yuan Stablecoin’
Speaking with Reuters in Hong Kong, Allaire said stablecoins have become a mechanism for countries to extend their currencies into global trade and payments. He placed China directly inside that conversation.
“There’s a tremendous opportunity for a yuan stablecoin,” Allaire said. “If there’s currency competition, you want your currency to have the best features possible. This is becoming a technological competition.” Allaire put a timeline on it. He said China could roll out a yuan-backed digital token within the next three to five years.
The comment carries weight given Circle’s position in the market. The Boston-based company issues USDC, the world’s second-largest stablecoin by circulation, fully backed by U.S. dollar reserves. USDC grew 72% year-on-year to $75.3 billion in circulation by the end of 2025. As of April 16, defillama.com stats show USDC’s market cap stands at $78.621 billion.
Allaire also said Circle recorded “several billion dollars” in USDC transaction growth following the outbreak of the U.S.-Iran war. He attributed the increase to demand for portable digital dollars during periods of heightened geopolitical risk.
A yuan stablecoin would mark a significant shift in China’s approach to digital assets. The country banned cryptocurrency trading and mining in 2021, citing financial stability concerns. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) reaffirmed that position in November 2025.
China has advanced a state-controlled alternative through its e-CNY digital yuan pilot program. But Allaire’s framing positions a private or regulated stablecoin as a more flexible tool for offshore trade settlement, where the e-CNY’s tight controls work against broad adoption.
Reuters reported in August 2025, citing sources, that China was considering yuan-backed stablecoins as part of a yuan internationalization strategy. Tech companies including Ant Group and JD.com were reported to have lobbied for approval. In February 2026, the PBOC moved to ban unregulated offshore issuance of yuan-pegged tokens, stating such instruments “perform some functions of legal tender.”
The yuan currently accounts for roughly 2.9% of SWIFT payments. The U.S. dollar holds approximately 47%. A blockchain-native yuan instrument could, in theory, lower the friction for yuan settlement in emerging markets and Belt and Road trade corridors without requiring full currency convertibility.
Hong Kong is functioning as a testing ground. Allaire said Circle sees significant opportunities there, noting that the city is already a cross-border payments hub and has issued stablecoin licenses to institutions including HSBC. He said Circle is actively exploring ways to integrate Hong Kong dollar stablecoins into global platforms.
Circle shares (NYSE: CRCL) gained roughly 1% in pre-market trading following the Reuters interview. The stock has drawn attention from investors tracking the expansion of regulated stablecoin infrastructure.
On the U.S. regulatory front, Allaire commented on the CLARITY Act, which has raised questions about whether it would restrict stablecoin products marketed as interest-bearing savings alternatives. He said any such marketing limits would affect distributors more than issuers like Circle. Whether China moves forward with a yuan-pegged token, the architecture for digital currency competition is already in place.
Crypto
White House pushes cryptocurrency bill as midterms loom – Memphis Today
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The White House is pushing Congress to pass a cryptocurrency market structure bill as the midterm elections approach. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, White House crypto adviser Patrick Witt, and former AI and crypto czar David Sacks have all called for the bill’s passage in recent days. The legislation aims to clarify the regulatory oversight of digital assets, with the House having already passed its version. However, the Senate has been slow to act, and it’s unclear if the White House’s eleventh-hour push will be enough to get the bill across the finish line before November.
Why it matters
The cryptocurrency market structure bill represents a key policy priority for the crypto industry in Washington. Passing the legislation would provide much-needed regulatory clarity and help solidify the U.S.’s standing as a global leader in digital finance. Failure to act could cede that position to other countries. The White House is now racing against the clock to get the bill through Congress before the midterm elections, which could shift the political dynamics.
The details
The bill, often referred to as market structure legislation, aims to split oversight of the crypto market between two financial regulators by clarifying when digital assets are considered securities or commodities. While President Trump signed another crypto bill, the GENIUS Act, into law last July, market structure represents the crown jewel of the industry’s policy ambitions in Washington. The House passed its version of the market structure bill, known as the CLARITY Act, alongside the stablecoin measure last year. But the Senate has opted to craft its own legislation, leading to a dispute between the banking and crypto industries that has held up negotiations since January.
- The White House is turning up pressure to pass the cryptocurrency bill as Congress returns from a two-week recess.
- The legislation needs to be passed before November’s midterm elections, as the political dynamics could shift afterwards.
The players
Scott Bessent
The current U.S. Treasury Secretary who has called for Congress to pass the cryptocurrency market structure bill.
Patrick Witt
The White House’s cryptocurrency adviser who has also pushed for the bill’s passage.
David Sacks
The former AI and cryptocurrency czar who has advocated for the bill.
Christopher Niebuhr
A senior research analyst at Beacon Policy Advisors who commented on the White House’s push for the legislation.
Howard Lutnick
The former CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, a financial services firm that donated $10 million to a cryptocurrency super PAC.
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What they’re saying
“Congress has spent the better part of half a decade trying to pass a framework to onshore the future of finance. It is time for @BankingGOP to hold a markup and send the CLARITY Act to President Trump’s desk. Senate time is precious, and now is the time to act.”
— Scott Bessent, U.S. Treasury Secretary
“I think that they rightly assume from a calendar perspective that if there’s going to be an opportunity to move the market structure bill through Congress, this is that opportunity.”
— Christopher Niebuhr, Senior Research Analyst, Beacon Policy Advisors
What’s next
The Senate Banking Committee will need to hold a markup on the cryptocurrency market structure bill in order to send it to the full Senate for a vote before the midterm elections in November.
The takeaway
The White House’s eleventh-hour push to pass the cryptocurrency market structure bill highlights the high stakes involved, as the legislation represents a key policy priority for the crypto industry. Failure to act could undermine the U.S.’s standing as a global leader in digital finance, making the next few months critical for the future of the industry.
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