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Walking May Not Provide Enough Exercise to Maintain Fitness

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Walking May Not Provide Enough Exercise to Maintain Fitness
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Walking is the most popular physical activity in the U.S., but experts say this might not be enough to maintain fitness levels. Image Credit: Luke Mattson/Stocksy
  • Researchers report that walking is the most popular leisure activity in the United States.
  • They note urban dwellers also like to run and lift weights, while rural residents also enjoy gardening and hunting.
  • Experts say those activities may not be enough for some people to maintain a higher fitness level, so additional exercise may be needed.

Walking is the most popular leisure activity in the United States among both urban and rural residents, according to a new survey.

Researchers reported that urban dwellers also tend to engage in running, weightlifting, and dance, while people in rural areas also enjoy gardening, hunting, and fishing.

The researchers said the differences in leisure activity choices could reflect what people have access to or what is culturally supported in certain areas. They added that urban residents were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than people living in rural regions.

The researchers, however, noted that even among walkers, only 25% met combined guidelines for aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity. About 22% did not meet either guideline.

The researchers reached their conclusions by analyzing telephone survey data collected from a national sample of 396,261 U.S. adults in 2019.

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They reported that 44% of respondents listed walking as the activity they spent the most time doing. The data closely matched another U.S. study from 2011.

The new findings were published today in the journal PLOS One.

The researchers said they hoped their study could help boost physical activity by encouraging people, as well as medical and fitness professionals, to tailor workouts to certain regions and demographics.

“We see a need to continue to support our partners in small towns and rural places by creating physical, social, and cultural conditions that support physical activity,” said Christiaan Abildso, PhD, a physical activity specialist at West Virginia University and a lead author of the study, in a statement.

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Everyone needs to ask, ‘how does what we’re doing affect physical activity,’ in order to help get people more active, more often, in more places,” he added.

Abildso listed several steps community leaders can take to improve fitness opportunities. Among the suggestions:

  • Create a wide shoulder on a country road for cycling and running.
  • Expand the national network of rail trails.
  • Help a senior center create a chair exercise program.
  • Create or improve green spaces such as parks.
  • Keep school facilities open to the public.

“This study aligns with other studies on physical activity in the U.S. population,” said Michael Fredericson, MD, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Stanford Medicine in California. Fredericson wasn’t involved in the study.

“This underscores the continued need to encourage easily accessible forms of exercise, such as walking, or more functional activities around the home, which are more doable for folks,” Fredericson told Healthline.

There are numerous benefits to daily walking, a low-stress activity that can help people exercise with a minimal risk of injury.

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A daily walking routine can also improve mood and support long-term weight management.

A 2023 review reported that walking 8,000 to 10,000 steps per day can provide substantial cardiovascular health benefits as well as psychological well-being.

Gardening can also be considered a moderate physical activity that supports weight management and helps build strength. The time outdoors in a garden can also help your body produce vitamin D, which supports bone strength, calcium absorption, and immune function.

Gardening may also support mental well-being by improving mood and reducing stress.

“Walking and gardening can meet exercise recommendations for most people if performed at sufficient intensity and duration,” said Fredericson. “Still, hunting and fishing, unless there is a lot of walking/hiking, typically do not provide adequate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.”

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week.

The agency suggests that exercise could come in the form of brisk walking for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity each week, such as swimming laps.

The CDC also states that adults need at least 2 days a week of muscle-strengthening activity.

David Cutler, MD, a family medicine physician at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, California, recommends people try to meet these minimal time standards in their fitness routines.

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“There should be greater emphasis for all adults to meet the minimum exercise guideline of 150 minutes per week,” he told Healthline.

“Their exercise routine should include more than just aerobic exercise, like walking, running, biking, swimming, or dancing. There should also be time devoted to muscle-strengthening exercises of both the upper and lower extremities. This could be as simple as using hand weights and squats.”

Agency officials note that the “exact amount of physical activity needed to maintain a healthy weight varies greatly from person to person.”

Fredericson said a comprehensive weekly exercise program should contain four main components. Those are:

He also suggested people can do “exercise snacks,” which consist of physical activity lasting 1 to 5 minutes performed periodically throughout the day. Those quick exercises can include stair climbing, brisk walking, and jumping jacks.

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“This approach has demonstrated high compliance rates and can significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness, particularly in physically inactive adults,” Fredericson said.

Cutler agrees a wide variety of exercise is the best approach.

“Individuals should supplement walking with muscle-strengthening exercises like yoga or resistance bands, and higher-intensity activities such as running, dancing, or cycling,” he said. “Effective ways to increase activity include utilizing community infrastructure like rail-trails, joining senior center programming, and creating local, accessible activity spaces.”

“Core exercises should also be incorporated in a weekly routine,” he added. “These strengthen the muscles in your pelvis, lower back, hips, and abdomen, leading to improved stability, better posture, and reduced back pain.”

“Stretching exercises are also important for health aging, injury prevention, and overall fitness,” Cutler noted. “Evidence supports that consistent stretching increases range of motion, reduces joint stiffness, and enhances vascular health.”

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Move More, Live Healthier Lives: Special Olympics Health Messengers and Coaches Inspiring Their Communities to Get Moving

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Move More, Live Healthier Lives: Special Olympics Health Messengers and Coaches Inspiring Their Communities to Get Moving
Special Olympics athletes from around the world lead fitness activities.

Fitness is a key aspect of Special Olympics’ mission. Special Olympics Fitness comprises three components that focus on healthy lifestyle behaviors: physical activity, nutrition, and hydration. When Special Olympics athletes practice regular physical activity, eat healthy, and stay hydrated, they improve their health, confidence, and quality of life.

According to Special Olympics Fitness 2024 Annual Report, 74% of athletes report improved confidence in doing physical activity after participating in Special Olympics fitness programming. This focus on fitness extends beyond individual athletes and into entire communities. Across the globe, Special Olympics Athlete Leaders and coaches are inspiring others to be more active daily. They are dedicated to making fitness more inclusive, leading education and fitness activities, and empowering their fellow athletes, family members, and other supporters of the Special Olympics movement to live healthy lifestyles.

This emphasis on movement is celebrated globally on World Day for Physical Activity, observed annually on 6 April, which promotes physical activity and encourages people of all abilities to move more every day. This World Day for Physical Activity, we’re highlighting Athlete Leaders and a coach who have taken on a variety of leadership roles to empower athletes to stay active year-round. Get to know them below!

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Ayoub Deboub – Special Olympics Ireland

Two people watch as a fitness leader demonstrates a fitness exercise using a kettlebell.
Ayoub Deboub (right) demonstrates a fitness exercise at an Athlete Leadership Fitness Workshop.

Ayoub Deboub is an athlete, football and Special Olympics Young Athletes coach, Certified Personal Trainer, Special Olympics International Fitness Advisory Committee member, and advocate for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). He is passionate about making fitness inclusive for everyone.

Having grown up with a disability and gone through multiple surgeries, Ayoub understands first-hand the challenges and barriers people with IDD face when it comes to physical activity. These experiences have shaped his belief that sport isn’t just about winning; it’s about building skills, confidence, and empowering every athlete to reach their full potential.

Reflecting on these experiences, Ayoub said, “Throughout the years, I’ve worked in schools and centres to create opportunities for people of all abilities. I hosted a fitness workshop for the Eastern Region in Special Olympics Ireland, focusing on breaking barriers for physical activity by introducing simple, adapted, and enjoyable exercises. There were team-building exercises and stations with different workouts for the athletes. The energy and engagement throughout the session were incredible, with many stepping outside their comfort zones.

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By the end, participants felt more empowered and motivated to stay active in their daily lives. I believe the workshop made a real impact by showing that disability should never be a limitation to leading an active and healthy lifestyle.”

To Ayoub, fitness means empowerment, inclusion, and personal growth.

Krystal Johnson – Special Olympics Southern California

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A woman leads a stretching activity before a sport event.
Krystal (right) leads a warmup activity.

Krystal Johnson has been an athlete with Special Olympics Southern California for 25 years. She is a multi-sport athlete competing in tennis, floorball, bowling, and athletics. As a Fitness Captain, Krystal supports her teammates in maintaining their health on and off the field. Fitness Captains are athletes on a sports team who lead the team in activities related to fitness and a healthy lifestyle. Krystal uses her leadership and communication skills to empower athletes to be healthy and fit.

When asked about why she wanted to become a Fitness Captain, Krystal shared, “I enjoy being a Fitness Captain leading warmups and cooldowns with my fellow teammates. I want to help us all get ready for a good day at practice. I want to help promote fitness to my teammates by being an example. They see me working with the coaches and this is something that they can learn to become part of.”

Banele Makhonco – Special Olympics South Africa

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A man demonstrates a fitness activity to a group of people outside.
Banele Makhonco (middle) motivates his community to stay active.

Banele Makhonco is a Special Olympics South Africa athlete, coach, and Athlete Input Council member based in the Eastern Cape Province. He has become a true champion in health and fitness.

For Banele, fitness goes beyond staying healthy; it’s become a way for him to connect with others in his community. In addition to leading boot camp fitness activities in his community, Banele also runs inclusive training sessions for people of all abilities, helping each person reach their true potential.

Banele explained, “I help others with routines, training strategies, and training plans. I also assist other colleagues and the local gym. Most importantly, I support my former school with fitness sessions and assist selected athletes when they go to Provincial or National Games.”

Banele is also passionate about teaching others about the importance of nutrition, and that to be a great athlete, you must be a healthy athlete. His hope this World Day for Physical Activity is that everyone can “understand that health and fitness is a way of life. It is important to keep fit and live healthy because you can live a longer life without suffering from petty illnesses.”

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Susan David – Special Olympics Namibia (Coach)

A coach stands in the middle of a circle while athletes around her follow her stretching directions.
Susan David (middle) leads stretching exercises during a fitness session.

Susan David has been a Special Olympics Namibia coach for 27 years. Her journey into fitness and health was shaped not only by her passion, but by the athletes she coached.

When Susan first started fitness training, she shared that she “was simply a coach who gave instructions to athletes. I guided them on what to do, but I was not fully practicing what I was teaching. Over time, the athletes began to influence me in a powerful way. Their dedication and energy rubbed off on me, and I became more interested in fitness myself.”

Susan found herself inspired by the dedication and energy of the athletes, which led her to follow what she loved.

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“I started doing what I preached,” Susan shared. “One athlete who lives close to my house, a [Special Olympics] Health Messenger, played a big role in my journey. He would remind me about my running schedule and encourage me to stay consistent.Today, I love running and continuously work towards improving my fitness.”

Today, Susan continues to lead fitness sessions with the support of Fitness Captains and Health Messengers in schools and communities.

Kayla Cornell – Special Olympics Michigan

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A woman holds a barbell as she competes in a powerlifting competition.
Kayla (middle) competes in a powerlifting competition.

Kayla Cornell is a Health Messenger, athlete, and serves on the Special Olympics Fitness Team’s Athlete App Advisory Committee. One way Kayla motivates her fellow athletes and herself to stay active is by using the Special Olympics Fitness App.

The Special Olympics Fitness App is a free, inclusive fitness tool designed to help athletes with IDD stay active, build healthy habits, and feel empowered in their wellness journey. The app features fun challenges and helps you track your workouts, nutrition, sleep, and mental wellness.

When asked about her favorite features of the app, Kayla mentioned: “What really sets the experience apart for me is the resource section. I use a ton of the resources available there to stay informed and keep my routine fresh. Whether it’s looking up new exercise techniques or following health tips, having all that information in one place makes staying healthy feel much more manageable.”

The app also provides healthy tips to stay motivated and lets users share their progress with friends. “We talk a lot about how the app makes fitness fun and less stressful, and by working together from different places, we can show others that you don’t have to be in the same room to stay active,” Kayla added.

These stories remind us of the importance of being active year-round, and how this can promote well-being among athletes, families, and community members.

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Interested in learning more? Download the free Special Olympics Fitness App on the Apple or Google Play stores. The app features health behavior tracking, goal setting, fitness challenges, and resources, including being able to do Fit 5 exercise videos right from your phone!

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Why people who don’t exercise aren’t lazy – and the simple fix that makes it easier

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Why people who don’t exercise aren’t lazy – and the simple fix that makes it easier

The article below is an excerpt from my newsletter: Well Enough with Harry Bullmore. To get my latest thoughts on fitness and wellbeing pop your email address into the box above to get the newsletter direct to your inbox.

Exercise is frequently seen as a battle of willpower. Gym bunnies are synonymous with extreme discipline and motivation, while those who don’t exercise are often labelled lazy or apathetic.

But we are products of our environment. The “super-motivated” 21-year-old bodybuilder might have a pretty breezy schedule and plenty of time to train, whereas the “lazy” parent is juggling childcare, work stresses, and all manner of other commitments.

Now, though my goal is to help people move more and feel better, I can’t force your boss to take work off your plate. Nor can I make your children immaculately well-behaved or your schedule less hectic. But I can give you a few tips from experts to manipulate your environment for better health.

That is the theme of this week’s newsletter.

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Dan John is one of my favourite coaches because, for more than four decades, his advice has always been tried, tested and grounded in common sense. But when we last spoke, he gave me a fitness tip I wasn’t expecting: exercise outside.

“When you train outdoors, people start to gravitate towards you,” he told me. “If you go to a park every Saturday at 9 o’clock and invite friends, and your friends invite friends, then pretty soon you’re going to build an intentional community.”

Seeing friends and socialising might provide a bigger pull than exercise. On the flip side, you might simply want to avoid a “Where on earth are you?!” text from an acquaintance on a Saturday morning. Either way, you are held accountable, and a more consistent (read: effective) exercise routine invariably follows.

This doesn’t have to involve a gruelling bootcamp class in the park, either. You could just schedule regular slots for a brisk walk and talk with a friend, or do a quick kettlebell workout with a partner wherever is practical.

John’s bonus tip for making these habits stick is to occasionally go for a (relatively nutritious) bite to eat afterwards.

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“By the time everyone has food in their bellies, talk turns to next week and how you can make things better,” he says. “It becomes more normal for people to give a damn about the workouts.”

Another way you can manipulate your environment is by keeping exercise equipment accessible around the house – unroll a yoga mat next to your WFH set-up, or keep resistance bands in the kitchen and work through a few exercises while the kettle, microwave, or oven does its thing.

Even putting the kitchen bin on the other side of the room, or placing a few work essentials away from your desk, will add a surprising amount of movement to your day.

These environmental changes extend to diet too. I recently had a fascinating chat with Dr Thomas Sambrook of the University of East Anglia, who led a study into why we can’t stop snacking.

I will share the full interview with you when it is published. But here’s a taster while you wait. His team found that, even when people felt full, seeing food still stimulated electrical impulses in the part of the brain “that kicks off not only when you see pictures of tasty food, but also when you eat tasty food, win money, or look at racy photographs”.

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“The short story is that you can eat a food until you are completely sated on it, but your brain still says ‘yum’ when you see pictures of it,” Dr Sambrook explains.

A subconscious habit is created in which seeing tasty food makes us want to eat. This might have served our ancient ancestors fairly well, but in the modern world, where food (and adverts for it) are everywhere, it can override our body’s natural appetite controls and lead to overeating.

Dr Sambrook uses the example cue of sitting with friends around an open packet of crisps or biscuits – the food is in your hand and then your mouth before you’re even aware of your actions. He provides some interesting solutions.

“It’s all about stimulus control,” he says. “It may seem daft, but if there’s a food advert coming on the television, get up and stretch your legs or put the kettle on.”

Dr Sambrook also suggests swapping your usual packet of crisps or biscuits for rice cakes. You still fulfil the cue-response relationship by eating something from a rustling packet, but what you’re eating is less calorie-dense, and because it doesn’t taste all that great, it can weaken the habit over time.

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Fat Loss Habits author and long-time personal trainer Ben Carpenter agrees; engineering your immediate food environment is one of his 13 aforementioned habits.

This could mean keeping pre-cut vegetables at the front of the fridge for snacking, then keeping less nutritious snacks such as crisps, chocolates and biscuits out of sight at the back of the cupboard. Or you might avoid having these snacks in the house – the added friction of needing to leave home to buy a bar of chocolate is a surprisingly strong deterrent.

Now, none of this is to say you need to be puritanical in your fitness efforts. Realistically, regular exercise is hard (given the many benefits, everyone would probably do it if it weren’t), and tasty food offers immense social and cultural value. Almost all things can be enjoyed in moderation.

These tips are simply meant to help you nudge the needle of your health in the right direction rather than overhauling your entire life – moving a little more, eating a few extra nutritious foods, and treating treats as their name suggests: as treats.

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EXCLUSIVE: Lindsay Arnold’s The Movement Club Launches Its First Home Exercise Tool

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EXCLUSIVE: Lindsay Arnold’s The Movement Club Launches Its First Home Exercise Tool

“Dancing With the Stars” alum Lindsay Arnold is expanding her digital fitness universe with the launch of a home exercise tool, The Everything Band.

Out now, the all-in-one, multiloop resistance band is a first-of-its-kind product designed to replace clunky gym equipment such as reformers, leg machines, rowers, kettlebells and more. With 11 loops (five “levels” on each side of the center loop), the portable tool, $35, can assist more than 100 movements, all of which are modeled in Arnold’s four-week, low-impact Tone Program, available on The Movement Club app.

Lindsay Arnold using The Everything Band.

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Speaking with WWD, Arnold described the band as a physical manifestation of her need to multitask. “I like to get things done. I like to be efficient with my time. And anything I create is going to be kind of a physical version of that,” she said. “The Movement Club is our digital version of that. It’s accessible movement that people can truly do anywhere. So when we decided to go into the physical product space, I knew I wanted something that’s multifunctional, that is versatile, that is innovative.”

Arnold founded the membership platform in 2020, after her 10-year run as a coach on “Dancing With the Stars.” The idea was born out of a sudden change in her own fitness regimen that occurred when she was pregnant with her first baby. “My body was my tool to perform, but when I stepped away from that career and became a mom, life looked a lot busier. I didn’t have as much time to get back to myself,” she recalled.

“I started looking at fitness in a different way,” she continued. “I felt like there was a missing space in the fitness industry for a program that’s for everyone, not a program that’s only for pregnant women or only for people in the best shape of their life, but truly a program that meets people exactly where they are at in their fitness journey.”

The Everything Band in the new four-week Tone Program.

The Everything Band in the four-week Tone Program.

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In 2025, The Movement Club saw a 190 percent increase in revenue, a 226 percent increase in new subscribers and 151 percent growth spike in returning subscribers.

With 12 programs including Full Body, Bridal, Postpartum, Pilates Strength and Self Care, the membership-based platform is, indeed, suitable for beginners, experts and every exercise level in between. Most workouts range from 18 to 30 minutes, with elements of dance woven throughout. “A lot a lot of my classes incorporate ballet, bar movements and also the stretching that I do feel like is a lot more targeted for dancers, which is really, really cool, because it’s all about lengthening and strengthening your muscles while also stretching and keeping your body safe,” Arnold explained.

The Tone Program, which is five days on and two days off, targets arms, glutes, legs and core, with short, high-intensity intervals and three-to-four reps of each exercise. The format, Arnold said, allows members to familiarize themselves with the band, and hopefully, inspire them to use it in their own regimen. “I will continue to add new videos with the band, like I always do, but first, I really wanted to launch with a good program for people to follow along with and track their progress,” she said.

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