Culture
The story of the Chiefs’ roller-coaster offseason as the ride for a Super Bowl three-peat begins
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Minutes after celebrating their place in NFL history, they were scrambling in terror.
Every prominent member of the Kansas City Chiefs — Andy Reid and his coaching staff, general manager Brett Veach, quarterback Patrick Mahomes, tight end Travis Kelce and their teammates — left the stage in front of Union Station and headed back into the grand hall. It was the city’s parade to honor their Super Bowl LVIII victory, the first NFL team to successfully defend a championship in almost two decades.
Minutes later gunshots sounded; the team and the thousands of fans celebrating on an unseasonably warm Valentine’s Day were plunged into chaos.
The 66-year-old Reid and a trio of players — running back Clyde Edwards-Helaire, right guard Trey Smith and long snapper James Winchester — were among those who ran toward children during the gunfire and tried to comfort those around them. According to a law enforcement source, granted anonymity for this story because he doesn’t have permission to speak publicly on the shooting, at one point police thought there was a shooter inside Union Station, where Chiefs personnel, coaches, players and their families had run for cover.
“I went to my grandkids and my family, like, Where are they?!” Reid said two weeks after the shooting. “Your instincts take over.”
Chaos has broken out at the end of the Chiefs Super Bowl parade. Police and military personnel just took off inside of Union Station pic.twitter.com/mqNeodS9r5
— Jacob Meikel (@Jacob_Meikel) February 14, 2024
Edwards-Helaire, who has a reputation as one of the Chiefs’ most jovial players, had his usual offseason training halted several times while he dealt with post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition he has grappled with since fatally shooting a man attempting to rob him in 2018; the parade shooting worsened his severe anxiety.
When the shots finally stopped, 22 victims — half of them under the age of 16 — were wounded and one person, Lisa Lopez-Galvan, a disc jockey at Kansas City radio station KKFI and mother of two, was dead. The shooting stemmed from a dispute between several people, two of whom were under the age of 18 when they were detained by the Kansas City Police Department.
That horrific scene was how the Chiefs’ offseason began. It barely calmed down over the next six months: a rising star became embroiled in legal issues stemming from a high-speed crash, a future Hall of Famer battled time and the scrutiny that comes with dating the world’s most famous woman, their kicker thrust himself into the culture wars and a 25-year-old teammate almost died at the team’s training facility.
Starting Thursday night against the Baltimore Ravens, Chiefs players, coaches and front office members will spend the next five months trying to accomplish an unprecedented feat: Win a third consecutive Super Bowl. But first, they had to endure an offseason unlike any other.
Rashee Rice’s rented Lamborghini SUV was approaching 120 miles per hour on a Dallas highway. He was part of a late-afternoon drag race on a busy stretch of the Central Expressway and, as he tried to weave through traffic, he slammed into a hatchback traveling in the left lane, setting off a chain reaction. The hatchback careened into the black Corvette that Rice was racing, sending the Corvette into a minivan before crashing into a retaining wall on the other side of the road. The minivan and a white SUV were sent spinning in the center lane. In the end, six vehicles were involved. In the immediate aftermath, Rice and four of his friends exited the two vehicles, made their way to the breakdown lane and walked away before police arrived, leaving behind the crash’s victims, baffled onlookers and two mangled luxury vehicles.
From Rashee Rice’s attorney, Royce West: “Rashee is cooperating with local authorities and will take all necessary steps to address this situation responsibly.” via @AdamSchefter.@dallaspd was reportedly looking for the Chiefs’ wide receiver following Saturday’s crash. @FOX4 pic.twitter.com/ubD0dBSBJ4
— Peyton Yager (@peytonyager) April 1, 2024
The March 30 crash involved Teddy Knox, a former SMU teammate of Rice who was the driver of the black Corvette. Two drivers of other vehicles were treated at the scene for minor injuries, and two occupants of another vehicle were taken to the hospital with minor injuries.
On April 11, Rice turned himself in at the Glenn Heights (Texas) Police Department after the Dallas PD issued an arrest warrant. Records showed Rice, who was booked and released on a $40,000 bond, is facing one count of aggravated assault, one count of collision involving serious bodily injury and six counts of collision involving injury, although a trial date has yet to be set. Two crash victims, Irina Gromova and Edvard Petrovskiy, are suing Rice and Knox for more than $10 million; a trial is set to begin next June.
Rice made his first public comments about the crash through an Instagram story post: “I take full responsibility for my part in this matter and will continue to cooperate with the necessary authorities. I sincerely apologize to everyone impacted in Saturday’s accident.”
Less than a week after turning himself in to the police, Rice returned to work, participating in every aspect of the Chiefs’ offseason program. During training camp, he declined to share if he had been interviewed by commissioner Roger Goodell or anyone else from the league.
“The main thing for me is being able to be the best person I can be for my team so we can all come together and dominate,” Rice said in early August. “I’m just continuing to surround myself with the people I want to be like and continuing to surround myself with people who are going to allow me to grow to become a better person on and off the field. I’m going to continue to grow.”
Brian McCarthy, a league spokesman, said in a news video conference last week that Rice wouldn’t be placed on the league’s commissioner’s exempt list — which allows the league to remove a player facing felony charges from the playing field and take that disciplinary decision away from the team — “unless there is a material change in the case.”
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Since Reid became their head coach in 2013, the Chiefs have been willing to bring in players with a history of off-the-field transgressions. That was true of Rice, who was taken off at least three teams’ draft boards due to character concerns, according to league sources, before Kansas City moved up nine spots to select him in the second round of the 2023 draft.
A common misconception is that Reid’s Chiefs employ a loose, fun-all-the-time culture. In reality, Reid runs one of the most physical training camps in the NFL and they maintain those grueling practice habits throughout the season. Reid has learned to micromanage less, but swap out sleeveless hoodies for Tommy Bahama shirts — and Tom Brady for Mahomes — and you have an organization that has much more in common with the Patriot Way than most outsiders think. And similar to New England, the winning encourages players to buy in.
“They trust their infrastructure,” a rival GM said. “(Reid) can handle just about anything and make sure the leadership is strong to absorb those players. … Talent is a premium, for sure, and figuring out where to draw the line can definitely be taxing on the assistants. Bill (Belichick) was the same way. It’s all about risk tolerance and at what cost.”
Despite a troubling offseason, the Chiefs still have extremely high expectations for Rashee Rice. (Emily Curiel / Kansas City Star / Tribune News Service / Getty Images)
Just a few weeks before the crash, Rice was in Fort Worth, Texas, training alongside Mahomes and Marquise Brown, the Chiefs’ newest veteran receiver. Mahomes, who spent a portion of his childhood in a Major League Baseball clubhouse, understands the need to use his voice to criticize Rice in a manner that is not solely punitive.
“There’s going to be punishments and stuff that they’re going to have to deal with,” Mahomes said of Rice last month. “But when you’re a guy on the team, you’re kind of like an older brother to the guy. You want to bring him up as best you can.
“Obviously, they know they’ve made mistakes. They own up to them. But at the same time, how are we going to be better now? How can you learn from that mistake and not make that same mistake again? That’s what you’re doing in every aspect of life, not just football.”
The Chiefs have a potential superstar in Rice. As a rookie last season he was the Chiefs’ best receiver, recording 79 receptions for 938 yards and a team-high seven touchdowns. Based on his on-field performance this summer, the 24-year-old is expected to not merely build on that success in 2024 but potentially establish himself as one of the NFL’s elite receivers. The Chiefs have proved, in the short term, they can win without great receiver play. For the long term, Rice could be the answer to one of the questions looming over the franchise: Who will become Mahomes’ next go-to target? After all, Kelce cannot play forever.
Kelce was emotional, almost choking up at one point during the short social-media video directed toward Chiefs fans. He thanked them for their support and reminisced about when he arrived in Kansas City. It was April 29, the Monday after the NFL Draft, and the tight end had just signed a two-year contract extension.
The news was significant for two reasons: It made him the NFL’s highest-paid tight end for the first time in his career; and it was the first public indication of what Kelce, who will be 35 in October, told Reid and Veach before signing the deal: He thinks he has at least two more good years left.
Kelce plans to help the franchise continue its success for at least a couple more seasons even as his fame in the world outside football grows exponentially after, last fall, his relationship with pop superstar Taylor Swift became public.
“I love playing in the NFL,” Kelce said in June. “This will always be my main focus. But outside of that, football ends for everybody, so (I’m) kind of dipping my toes in the water and seeing what (I) like in different areas and different career fields. I think the offseason is the best chance you can get to try and explore that and set yourself up for after football.”
Kelce spent much of the offseason in Los Angeles, his first step toward the acting career he plans to pursue after football. His first opportunity was in the spring; actress/comedian Niecy Nash-Betts revealed in early May that Kelce would be guest-starring alongside her, in an unspecified role, in “Grotesquerie,” an FX horror and drama show. Comedian and actor Adam Sandler shared last month that Kelce will play a supporting role in the much-anticipated “Happy Gilmore 2.” Kelce also flew to Europe several times — London, Dublin and many other cities — to attend as many of Swift’s concerts as possible, consistently shocked at the growing number of Chiefs jerseys he saw in each city.
WE HAVE A CLOSE UP NOW pic.twitter.com/BUnSTn5a4k
— line 🌙 (@nessianxx) June 23, 2024
Kelce’s life changed last season when he began dating Swift. His weekly podcast with his brother, Jason, “New Heights,” became one of the medium’s fastest-growing shows. Travis’s social media followers grew by more than 400,000. In less than a week, his No. 87 jersey rose to the top five in NFL sales, according to Fanatics.
Kelce’s life also changed in less desirable ways. For instance, as paparazzi descended on his suburban home, he learned the hard way that dating the world’s most famous woman requires a gated community; he moved in November.
In 2023, the Chiefs became the third team in NFL history to play 21 regular- and postseason games in a single season. In the first six years of the Mahomes era, the Chiefs played an unmatched 18 postseason games, for a total of 117 games during that span; Kelce played in all but four of them. And yet, the Chiefs are not worried about Kelce potentially slowing down. As he followed Swift’s Eras Tour around the world this summer, Kelce brought a small team of trainers along with him. The world saw his surprise on-stage appearance as a performer during Swift’s late-June show at London’s Wembley Stadium, but few saw the full-time football work he continued to put in while overseas. And, European tours and acting gigs aside, he didn’t miss a single Chiefs workout this summer, mandatory or voluntary.
It might not be TB12, but those in the Chiefs building say Kelce is obsessed with body maintenance. It’s cliché to insist that your best players are your hardest workers, but even Veach was surprised when, on his way out the door on Monday — after the team’s hardest practice of the week — he saw his All-Pro tight end doing band work in an otherwise empty weight room at 9 p.m.
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There’s no doubt that Kelce still has both feet in the football world, just like there’s no doubt that Swift is fully embracing her Chiefs fandom. It did, however, take everyone involved a little bit of time to find the rhythm to this dance.
For instance, Swift made her first appearance at Arrowhead Stadium last September. The lasting image of an otherwise forgettable blowout victory over the Chicago Bears: When Kelce caught a 3-yard touchdown to stretch the lead to 41-0, cameras caught Swift jumping, cheering and shouting three words: Let’s f—ing go!
Before the Chiefs’ locker room was opened after the game, players were asked to not discuss Swift with reporters, a request from Kelce that led to awkward interactions between players and reporters surrounding one of the game’s biggest storylines.
“It’s crazy that someone was at a football game, right?” defensive end George Karlaftis said, smiling, in response to a question about Swift. “I don’t know what you guys want. I’m happy for him.”
That day brought a new kind of stress for the Chiefs’ security operation, which had to coordinate with Swift’s team for her safe entry into and exit from the stadium. With the game winding down in the fourth quarter, security put its original plan into motion, ushering Swift out to a meeting point with Kelce. Only, Swift had a different idea: She wanted to watch the end of her boyfriend’s game. That meant plans had to change on the fly. Ultimately, the security detail had Swift wait in the suite after the game until Kelce was ready to meet her there. The couple later exited Arrowhead as if they were the homecoming king and queen, driving downtown in his burgundy convertible. Their first public date occurred at Prime Social in the city’s Country Club Plaza area, a night when more than a third of Kelce’s teammates joined the gathering with Swift’s friends.
At a practice the next week, Kunal Tanna, Veach’s assistant, made the usual rounds, asking those in each position room if they had any song requests for that day’s workout. That’s how one of Swift’s songs made it onto the playlist, making for a light moment during practice. Mahomes approached Tanna. “That was really funny,” he said, before adding, “don’t ever do it again” — a message for Tanna, and for the team, that outside noise stays outside the practice field.
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Swift was learning a new world as well. She attended her first road game a week later, a Sunday nighter against the New York Jets in East Rutherford, N.J. When Swift arrived at MetLife Stadium, rather than being greeted by a raucous crowd of paparazzi, it was a collection of sports journalists, as polite as they were unsure of what to do. “It’s so quiet in here,” Swift said after exiting her car; she then had a chance to enjoy the likely unfamiliar sound of her own footsteps echoing as she made her way through the tunnel.
Swift continued attending games, and as the season progressed, the rhythm became more familiar for everyone involved. The organization embraced her presence. She was on the field next to Kelce just minutes after the Chiefs won the AFC Championship Game in Baltimore. Much to the surprise of just about everyone, she was on the field in the chaotic moments after Super Bowl LVIII. (For those wondering, she will be in attendance for Thursday night’s season opener against the Ravens.)
This was the only sign of Taylor Swift this preseason, but things should be different on Thursday night. (Kevin Sabitus / Getty Images)
Even with Mahomes, on a trajectory to become the greatest player in NFL history, as their leader, no one has generated more positive buzz for the Chiefs than Kelce. When 32 players took the stage in front of the Rose Garden with President Joe Biden in late May, it was Kelce who was given the opportunity to step into the spotlight.
After an invitation from the president, Kelce joined Biden at the lectern: “My fellow Americans, it’s nice to see you all again… I’m not gonna lie, President Biden, they told me if I came up here I’d get tased, so I’m gonna go back to my spot.”
The ceremony ended with owner Clark Hunt and Reid presenting Biden with the gift of a Chiefs helmet that featured three autographs in black marker, from Reid, Veach and team president Mark Donovan. When there was a pause during a photo opp, Kelce led a group of players encouraging Biden to put the helmet on.
Biden obliged. There were cheers and laughter. Even kicker Harrison Butker, stoic in the top row for most of the ceremony, couldn’t help but crack a smile.
Speaking to a packed gymnasium in Atchison, Kan., on May 11, Butker’s address to Benedictine College’s Class of 2024 started the way most commencement speeches do: He congratulated the graduates. Nothing else he said over the next 20 minutes was ordinary.
The 28-year-old kicker referred to Pride Month, the events in June demonstrating inclusivity and support for the LGBTQ+ community, as an example of the “deadly sins,” as he advocated for a more conservative brand of Catholicism. He criticized Biden on several issues, including abortion and the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, even questioning Biden’s personal devotion to Catholicism. Addressing a class that included hundreds of women, Butker said a woman’s most important title is “homemaker.”
“It is you, the women, who have had the most diabolic lies told to you,” Butker told them. “Some of you may go on to lead successful careers in the world, but I would venture to guess that the majority of you are most excited about your marriage and the children you will bring into this world.”
Hours after the speech was posted to YouTube, the backlash began. GLAAD, a non-profit LGBTQ advocacy organization, denounced the speech. So did the order of nuns affiliated with Benedictine College. Jokes started rolling in. At the 2024 ESPY Awards, which Butker attended, tennis legends Serena and Venus Williams discussed the year in women’s sports onstage with “Abbott Elementary” star Quinta Brunson. Venus told the audience to “go ahead and enjoy women’s sports, like you would any other sports, because they are sports.”
Serena added the punchline: “Except you, Harrison Butker. We don’t need you.”
“At all. Like, ever,” Brunson added.
The Williams sisters made a joke at Harrison Butker’s expense at the 2024 ESPYS.
Venus: “So, go ahead and enjoy women’s sports like you would any other sports, because they are sports.”
Serena: “Except you, Harrison Butker.”
🎥 @awfulannouncing pic.twitter.com/3LWmIQqfkd
— The Athletic (@TheAthletic) July 12, 2024
There were also those who rallied in support of Butker. Within a week of the speech, the women’s version of Butker’s jersey was out of stock in the official Chiefs Pro Shop, and his men’s jersey was listed among the top sellers on NFLshop.com. A fan made a large sign in support of Butker, placing it alongside the highway near Missouri Western State’s campus, where the Chiefs held training camp: “Thank you Harrison Butker for having the courage to speak the truth.”
The NFL released a statement distancing itself from Butker’s comments, saying his views are not those of the league. Mahomes and Kelce expressed their disagreement with Butker’s comments, too, but voiced their respect for him as a teammate.
In the days after Butker’s speech, those in Chiefs leadership felt all they could do was wait to see what happened when Butker returned for OTAs. They were surprised, not only by the amount of attention the speech drew but that Butker had agreed to make a speech at all. While the Chiefs know Butker is devoutly religious, he has never been especially aggressive in sharing his beliefs. For Butker’s part, when Benedictine College asked him to be its commencement speaker just days after Super Bowl LVIII, he initially declined before reconsidering.
“I try to protect my privacy as much as possible, but I’ve been in the league seven years and I do have a platform,” Butker said. “With that comes people who want me to state what I believe to be very important.”
All eyes were on Butker, and his interactions with his teammates, on that first day back in the locker room. He did crossword puzzles in the training room with some of the defensive linemen. He chatted with other teammates. And for the Chiefs, it seemed clear that, while this was an understandably big issue outside their facility, it wasn’t going to be a problem inside it.
“Ever since that speech, there’s been tons of conversations in the locker room, guys connecting and trying to understand each other,” Butker said. “It’s been a beautiful thing to see. That’s what’s so special about sports. There’s not many sports where you have 50 to 100 guys with a bunch of different beliefs and we’re all fighting together to win.”
Sitting in a special teams meeting on June 6, Butker heard a commotion behind him. Then he felt the jolt of someone kicking his chair. “I turned around,” Butker said, “and B.J. wasn’t doing well.”
The kicker sprinted out of the meeting room and to the Chiefs’ training room, alerting assistant trainers Julie Frymyer and David Glover. By that point, B.J. Thompson, a 25-year-old defensive end, was in the throes of a seizure.
Within minutes, vice president of sports medicine and performance Rick Burkholder and his staff — Frymyer, Glover, Tiffany Morton and Evan Craft — and Dr. Jean-Philippe E Darche, a former center who played nine seasons in the NFL, worked together to resuscitate Thompson, who fell to the floor after going into cardiac arrest. He was taken by ambulance to the University of Kansas Medical Center and was placed on a ventilator under heavy sedation.
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The NFL requires every team to practice its emergency action plan before every game and during the workweek at its training facility.
“We practiced on (that) Monday with a group called Walters Incorporated, who comes in and educates us and goes through scenarios like we went through,” Burkholder said.
Thompson woke up in a stable condition and was responsive within 24 hours. A week after being released from the hospital, he rejoined his teammates, making his first public appearance for the Chiefs’ Super Bowl ring ceremony at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City.
📹VIDEO: #Chiefs BJ Thompson walks the red carpet ahead of Thursday’s ring ceremony– just one week after going into cardiac arrest during a team meeting @KSHB41 pic.twitter.com/gyAbJXTLkH
— Aaron Ladd (@aaronladdtv) June 14, 2024
Thompson, a second-year player who was selected in the fifth round of the 2023 draft, was working to contribute as a role player on defense and special teams after appearing in only the regular-season finale as a rookie. After his release from the hospital, he spent several days watching practice. He’ll start this season on the non-football injury list, which will give him more time to go through several medical evaluations before he can be cleared to participate in football activities again. Reid said Thompson could return to the practice field as early as November.
The Chiefs’ offseason drama extended beyond their football operations. Two weeks after the parade shooting, Hunt spoke publicly at a news conference inside Arrowhead about the future of the 52-year-old venue. The Chiefs unveiled renderings of what they hoped would be the next major renovations — changes included enhanced suites, video boards and club lounges. The renovations were projected to cost $800 million; Hunt said he and his family would contribute $300 million.
During the news conference, the NFL Players Association released the findings of its second annual survey, team-by-team report cards that assess players’ working conditions and environments. The Chiefs ranked 31st among the NFL’s 32 teams. The bad news kept coming when, a month later, voters in Jackson County, Mo., rejected an extension of the three-eighths-cent sales tax on a ballot initiative that would have funded stadium renovations for the Chiefs and Kansas City Royals. The margin of defeat was overwhelming: 58 percent voted no.
None of that stopped Hunt from investing in the on-field product. He signed Reid, Veach and Donovan to contract extensions through the 2029 season, with Reid earning $25 million per year, becoming the league’s highest-paid coach. Having already signed Mahomes to the longest contract in the league (which runs through the 2031 season), Hunt authorized Veach and Reid to sign Kelce, Butker, pass rusher Chris Jones and center Creed Humphrey to new deals, each one becoming the highest-paid player at their position. If the Chiefs fall short of a three-peat, it won’t be because the organization didn’t invest in its upcoming mission.
As he left the field after Super Bowl LVIII, there was one thing on Travis Kelce’s mind. (Jamie Squire/Getty Images)
The Chiefs endured an offseason that required unique resilience. Perhaps the most meaningful sign of that resilience came not in the days or months, but the minutes after Super Bowl LVIII in February. Kelce, exhausted after the overtime victory that ended the longest season of his career, took a moment to celebrate on the field.
Then, during a long, slow walk back to the locker room, he delivered a simple message: “We’re doing this again next year.”
(Top photos, left to right: Chip Somodevilla / Getty Images; Courtney Culbreath / Getty Images; Michael Owens / AP)
Culture
Book Review: ‘When the Forest Breathes,’ by Suzanne Simard
WHEN THE FOREST BREATHES: Renewal and Resilience in the Natural World, by Suzanne Simard
It’s the summer of 2023 and the Canadian forest ecologist Suzanne Simard is sitting tucked in the knobby embrace of an Amazonian tree trunk, imagining that she too is a tree as she “reached out with leaves unfurling to greet the sun.” She can feel the rat-a-tat of woodpeckers on her bark, the stretch of her roots in the soil below. She draws strength from a sense of family: “The trees were in my blood. They were my kin.”
But in Simard’s new book, “When the Forest Breathes,” trees are not just supportive relatives. They are teachers and healers, capable of communication and perception, a woodland congregation in which young trees grow “in halos” around their elders. Back in Canada, she describes a forest visit that further amplifies that sense of magic, a moment in which she stands beneath aged cedars, “the supernatural trees, the grandmothers,” listening as they whisper wisdom on the breeze.
All of which brings a heady, inspirational quality to her writing as she urges readers to hear the forest as she does. “Nature is waiting for us to listen,” she writes, “and to learn.” The siren quality of her message is almost tangible, as is the allure of gaining knowledge from the Zen master inhabitants of the ancient forests.
And yet. I find myself considering the message in my annoyingly cautious, science-writerly way. Would I find it inspiring to be pecked by a woodpecker? Probably not. Have I ever thought of myself as a tree? Probably never. Is this the measured language we hear from most scientists? Not even close. Simard emphasizes this point in the book: her growing sense of alienation from the methodologies of Western science, its tendency to obsess over small details and, as she sees it, miss the forest for the trees. “I found myself longing to push back against these rigid boundaries,” she writes, and to find “other ways of seeing and knowing the natural world.”
This longing derives in part from her collaborations with Indigenous scientists on Canadian forest management, which led her to deeply admire their more holistic approach to nature. She cites studies showing that “Indigenous-held land,” including forests, “contained some of the most biodiverse and carbon-rich ecosystems in the world.” Amid perilous global climate change, Simard is drawn to their loving attitude to nature as her “philosophical and spiritual home.”
Increasingly, she feels more anchored in their worldview than in that of her longtime research community. A professor of forest ecology at the University of British Columbia, Simard published her first semi-autobiographical book, “Finding the Mother Tree,” in 2021, and it became an international best seller. In it she wove her central theory about the forest — that trees “talk” to one another through an underground network of connective fungi, fostering an intergenerational system in which older trees protect and help the younger ones — with her own experience of grief and illness, emphasizing the parallels between the lives of trees and those of humans.
Despite the book’s rapturous public reception, the scientific community’s response was often unenthusiastic. Other biologists accused her of exaggerating the evidence for cooperation among organisms at the expense of “the important role of competition in forest dynamics.” They worried she was selling a forest story that might be only partly true. And they disliked her use of anthropomorphizing descriptors like “mother tree,” which suggested these organisms should be valued for their similarities to humans, instead of for their own remarkable biology.
Simard admits to having been hurt and frustrated by these accusations, to which she responded with a point-by-point rebuttal in a scientific journal. She returns to these grievances in the new book, where she expresses resentment for the demeaning accusation of anthropomorphism (“the mere utterance of the word” in Western science “suggests the scientist who makes this blasphemous mistake is not an objective observer, but rather impure, intuitive and subjective, perhaps lacking integrity”), and the resistance to her efforts to do justice to the inherent poetry of the forest.
This book is not, however, a rejection of the insights that good science — including Simard’s own — can bring. She provides examples of experiments showing how the heavy machinery used by loggers destroys the ability of the forest floor to sequester carbon; and how clear-cutting of old-growth forests can turn wooded lands into places that release carbon into the atmosphere rather than absorbing it.
Given the urgency of climate change, Simard’s dissatisfaction with the standard research model is in many ways a dissatisfaction with communication. If we are to protect our endangered forests, she argues, then science needs to be less timid in its messaging. She urges her colleagues to take a lesson from the First Nations people who fight for what they believe. To “stand tall in the wind,” as the Mother Trees do.
WHEN THE FOREST BREATHES: Renewal and Resilience in the Natural World | By Suzanne Simard | Knopf | 310 pp. | $30
Culture
Do You Recognize These Snappy Lines From Popular Crime Novels?
Welcome to Literary Quotable Quotes, a quiz that tests your recognition of classic lines. This week’s installment celebrates lines from popular crime novels. (As a hint, the correct books are all “firsts” in one category or another.) In the five multiple-choice questions below, tap or click on the answer you think is correct. After the last question, you’ll find links to the novels if you’re intrigued and inspired to read more.
Culture
Xia De-hong, 94, Dies; Persecuted in China, She Starred in Daughter’s Memoir
Xia De-hong, who survived persecution and torture as an official in Mao Zedong’s China and was later the central figure in her daughter’s best-selling 1991 memoir, “Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China,” died on April 15 in Chengdu, China. She was 94.
Ms. Xia’s death, in a hospital, was confirmed by her daughter Jung Chang.
Ms. Chang’s memoir, which was banned in China, was a groundbreaking, intimate account of the country’s turbulent 20th century and the iron grip of Mao’s Communist Party, told through the lives of three generations of women: herself, her mother and her grandmother. An epic of imprisonment, suffering and family loyalty, it sold over 15 million copies in 40 languages.
The story of Ms. Chang’s stoic mother holding the family together while battling on behalf of her husband, a functionary who was tortured and imprisoned during Mao’s regime, was the focus of “Wild Swans,” which emerged out of hours of recordings that Ms. Chang made when Ms. Xia visited her in London in 1988.
Ms. Xia was inspired as a teenager to become an ardent Communist revolutionary because of the mistreatment of women in the Republic of China, as well as the corruption of the Kuomintang nationalists in power. (Her own mother had been forced into concubinage at 15 by a powerful warlord.)
In 1947, in Ms. Xia’s home city of Jinzhou, the Communists were waging guerrilla war against the government. She joined the struggle by distributing pamphlets for Mao, rolling them up inside green peppers after they had been smuggled into the city in bundles of sorghum stalks.
Captured by the Kuomintang, she was forced to listen to “the screams of people being tortured in the rooms nearby,” her daughter later wrote. But that only stiffened her resolve.
She married Chang Shou-yu, an up-and-coming Communist civil servant and acolyte of Mao, in 1949.
It was then that disillusionment began to set in, according to her daughter. The newlyweds were ordered to travel a thousand miles to Sichuan, her husband’s home province. Because of Mr. Chang’s rank, he was allowed to ride in a jeep, but she had to walk, even though she was pregnant, and suffered a miscarriage as a result.
“She was vomiting all the time,” her daughter wrote. “Could he not let her travel in his jeep occasionally? He said he could not, because it would be taken as favoritism since my mother was not entitled to the car.”
That was the first of many times that her husband would insist she bow to the rigid dictates of the party, despite the immense suffering it caused.
When she was a party official in the mid-1950s, Ms. Xia was investigated for her “bourgeois” background and imprisoned for months. She received little support from Mr. Chang.
“As my mother was leaving for detention,” Ms. Chang wrote, “my father advised her: ‘Be completely honest with the party, and have complete trust in it. It will give you the right verdict.’ A wave of aversion swept over her.”
Upon her release in 1957, she told her husband, “You are a good Communist, but a rotten husband.” Mr. Chang could only nod in agreement.
He became one of the top officials in Sichuan, entitled to a life of privilege. But by the late 1960s, he had become outraged by the injustices of the Cultural Revolution, Mao’s blood-soaked purge, and was determined to register a formal complaint.
Ms. Xia was in despair; she knew what became of families who spoke out. “Why do you want to be a moth that throws itself into the fire?” she asked.
Mr. Chang’s career was over, and both he and his wife were subjected to physical abuse and imprisoned. Ms. Xia’s position was lower profile; she was in charge of resolving personal problems, such as housing, transfers and pensions, for people in her district. But that did not save her from brutal treatment.
Ms. Xia was made to kneel on broken glass; paraded through the streets of Chengdu wearing a dunce’s cap and a heavy placard with her name crossed out; and forced to bow to jeering crowds.
Still, she resisted pressure from the party to denounce her husband. And unlike many other women in her position, she refused to divorce him.
Twice she journeyed to Beijing to seek his release, the second time securing a meeting with the prime minister, Zhou Enlai, who was considered a moderate. Ms. Xia was “one of the very few spouses of victims who had the courage to go and appeal in Peking,” her daughter wrote in “Wild Swans.”
But Ms. Xia and her husband never criticized the Cultural Revolution in front of their children, checked by the party’s absolute power and the fear it inspired.
“My parents never said anything to me or my siblings,” Ms. Chang wrote. “The restraints which had kept them silent about politics before still prevented them from opening their minds to us.”
She was held at Xichiang prison camp from 1969 to 1971 as a “class enemy,” made to do heavy labor and endure denunciation meetings.
The camp, though less harsh than her husband’s, was a bitter experience. “She reflected with remorse on the pointlessness of her devotion,” her daughter wrote. “She found she missed her children with a pain which was almost unbearable.”
Xia De-hong was born on May 4, 1931, in Yixian, the daughter of Yang Yu-fang and Gen. Xue Zhi-heng, the inspector general of the metropolitan police in the nationalist government.
When she was an infant, her mother fled the house of the general, who was dying, and returned to her parents, eventually marrying a rich Manchurian doctor, Xia Rui-tang.
Ms. Xia grew up in Jinzhou, Manchuria, where she attended school before joining the Communist underground.
In the 1950s, when she began to have doubts about the Communist Party, she considered abandoning it and pursuing her dream of studying medicine, her daughter said. But the idea terrified her husband, Ms. Chang said in an interview, because it would have meant disavowing the Communists.
By the late 1950s, during the Mao-induced Great Famine that killed tens of millions, both of her parents had become “totally disillusioned,” Ms. Chang said, and “could no longer find excuses to forgive their party.”
Mr. Chang died in 1975, broken by years of imprisonment and ill treatment. Ms. Xia retired from her government service, as deputy head of the People’s Congress of the Eastern District of Chengdu, in 1983.
Besides Ms. Chang, Ms. Xia is survived by another daughter, Xiao-hong Chang; three sons, Jin-ming, Xiao-hei and Xiao-fang; and two grandchildren.
Jung Chang saw her mother for the last time in 2018. Ms. Chang’s criticism of the regime, in her memoir and a subsequent biography, made returning to China unthinkable. She told the BBC in a recent interview that she never knew whether her mother had read “Wild Swans.”
But the advice her mother gave her and her brother Xiao-hei, a journalist who also lives in London, was firm: “She only wanted us to write truthfully, and accurately.”
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