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Old ways survive in Bali despite mass tourism, but for how long?

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Old ways survive in Bali despite mass tourism, but for how long?

Bali, Indonesia – At dawn, as the first shards of light dance over the rice fields in the seaside village of Seseh on Bali’s west coast, Putu and her husband Made, who like many Indonesians go by one name only, spend an hour reciting prayers and distributing small palm leaf baskets containing offerings to ensure the health of the coming harvest.

Later in the day, their 11-year-old daughter will attend a class for “sanghyang dedari”, a sacred trance dance for girls that is designed to counteract negative supernatural forces.

Meanwhile, her two older brothers will hone their skills on wooden xylophones and hand drums as part of a traditional “gamelan” orchestra in preparation for a ceremony celebrating the completion of a new Hindu temple, one of more than 10,000 on the island.

In the coming weeks, Made and his children will help their neighbours create giant “ogoh-ogoh” dolls, representations of evil mythological creatures fashioned from wood, bamboo, paper and styrofoam, that will be paraded through the streets and set alight the night before Nyepi, the Balinese Hindu new year.

Taking place this year on March 11, Nyepi, or the “day of silence”, will see every light on the island turned off, transport come to a halt and the airport close. Everyone, Balinese or not, will stay at home to give evil spirits the impression there is nothing to be found on the island.

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“Every day I lay offerings, attend a ceremony or go to a temple,” Putu told Al Jazeera. “I do this because I am Hindu, because I believe. My children do the same and when they have children, they will do the same also.”

Balinese place small palm leaf baskets containing offerings around their homes, fields, temples and buildings every day [Ian Neubauer/Al Jazeera]

The Balinese anomaly

Putu’s hopes for the future are shared with the vast majority of Balinese, an island where a hybrid Hindu-Buddhist religion based on ancestor worship and animism dating back to the first century has survived and even thrived in the face of mass tourism.

By 1930, tourist numbers reached several hundred per year. Last year, 5.2 million foreigners along with 9.4 million domestic holidaymakers visited Bali, according to government data, and the island is developing at breakneck speed to cater to the demand.

The negative effects of such tremendous growth are illustrated in the murals of Balinese artist Slinat, who marries the iconic photographs of Balinese dancers with contemporary emblems like gas masks and dollar bills.

“These old photos were the first images used to promote tourism in Bali and convey that it is an exotic place. They kick-started tourism in Bali,” Slinat told Al Jazeera. “But then we had too much tourism and it ruined the exoticness of Bali. So I created this parody to express how much things have changed here since those photos were taken.”

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Nevertheless, Balinese traditional culture and religion have remained resilient in the face of the tourist onslaught, which is something of an anomaly compared with other tourist hot spots around the world.

“When local people entertain tourists, they adapt [to] tourists’ needs, attitudes and values and ultimately start to follow them. By following tourists’ lifestyle, young people bring changes in the material goods,” was the finding of a study on the impact of tourism on culture that was published in 2016 in the Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports.

The study said the Pokhara-Ghandruk community in Nepal was a textbook example, where “the traditional fashion, behaviour and lifestyle of young Gurungs have been severely affected by tourism … [who] disobey their elders’ Kinship titles”. It said Indonesia was an exception – a country where “to attract distant tourists, children nurture local customs to create a strong and authentic base of cultural components without disrupting ancestors’ values”.

Empty Bali airport during Nyepi. Tow security guards in traditional black and white checked sarongs are keeping watch
There are no flights in or out of Bali’s international airport on Nyepi day and tourists must stay in their hotels [File: Fikri Yusuf/Antara Foto via Reuters]

A lecturer in traditional architecture at Warmadewa University in Bali, I Nyoman Gede Maha Putra explains the roots of that approach.

“Colonial government policies dating back to the 1930s that promote how the Balinese should be Balinese, including school curriculums, production of traditional foods and beverages and unsparing investments in religious buildings have played a key role in preserving culture and religion on the so-called Island of the Gods,” he said, adding that construction codes formalised in the 1970s that required no new building to be no taller than a coconut tree had helped maintain “a sense of the place” on the island.

“Soon, all our young people will start making ogoh-ogoh paper statues for Nyepi. No one will be left out. They will enjoy the process, they will enjoy the parades, and feel proud when the tourists see what they’ve made. And our daily ceremonies will continue because we believe very strongly that our ancestors’ ghosts live around us and our ceremonies are the only way we can communicate with them,” Maha Putra said.

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A facade

Others say it is the adaptability of Balinese culture that has made it resilient.

“Balinese culture is not static,” I Ketut Putra Erawan, a lecturer in political science at Bali’s Udayana University,  told Al Jazeera. “Time and time again it has shown it has the power to reinvent itself through the problems and opportunities we face; things like tourism, social media, individualism, capitalism and mass culture. It finds new ways to make itself relevant to young people in new times.”

But these new shapes and expressions are not as solid as those of the past, he cautions.

“Today we are flooded with so much information and misinformation, and what that tends to do is promote the skin of the culture, the outside element of the culture, things like consumerism and fashion, but not the core of the culture,” Erawan said. “Many people prioritise the wrong things in their cultural expressions. They are much more interested in dressing like Balinese and telling everyone on social media they are Balinese instead of obtaining the high level of knowledge needed to understand our complex culture and religion.”

Rio Helmi, an Indonesian photographer whose work focuses on the interaction between Indigenous peoples and their environment, agrees.

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He fears time is working against Balinese culture.

“As to the strength of the culture, I think there is some truth to that,” he told Al Jazeera. “But a lot of it is about identity rather than involvement in the deeper side of the culture and its values. What I am seeing now feels more like form over function. People always repeat the phrase ‘tri hita karana’ – maintaining a good relationship between man and God, man and nature, man and the environment – but often it feels like a slogan, a bandage to cover up bad things like people building on sacred land. We have to be careful about making generalisations as there are still many people who live traditionally. But the power of money is everywhere.”

Women in traditional clothing walk along the street in a ceremony. They are balancing offerings of fruit and flowers shaped into a tower.on their heads. They are wearing white lace tops and orange sarons.
Ceremonies take place every day in Bali, including in popular tourist locations [Ian Neubauer/Al Jazeera]

Today, multi-storey hotels and condominiums many times taller than coconut trees are popping up across the island’s traditional rice fields. However the biggest display of the disparity between form and function, Helmi says, will be on display during the ogah-ogah procession in Ubud, the spiritual heart of Bali that has expanded from a sleepy cultural village into a bustling tourist hotspot, where there will be loudspeakers, souvenir vendors and bandstands.

“It will be a real show put on for tourists, whereas in the villages the events will be about introspection, the sense of the year coming to an end and chasing the demons out. It is their moment, their culture. It is not a show,” Helmi said.

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Jimmy Kimmel’s Bandleader Cleto Escobedo III Dies at 59: We’ve Been ‘Inseparable Since I Was Nine Years Old’

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Jimmy Kimmel’s Bandleader Cleto Escobedo III Dies at 59: We’ve Been ‘Inseparable Since I Was Nine Years Old’

Cleto Escobedo III, Jimmy Kimmel‘s close friend and the bandleader of his talk show, has died. He was 59.

Kimmel shared the news on Instagram, writing, “Early this morning, we lost a great friend, father, son, musician and man, my longtime bandleader Cleto Escobedo III. To say that we are heartbroken is an understatement. Cleto and I have been inseparable since I was nine years old. The fact that we got to work together every day is a dream neither of us could ever have imagined would come true. Cherish your friends and please keep Cleto’s wife, children and parents in your prayers.”

Escobedo and Kimmel were childhood friends and neighbors growing up in Las Vegas. As Kimmel went into comedy, Escobedo formed the band Cleto and the Cletones in 1995, mostly playing saxophone. When Kimmel launched “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” on ABC in 2003, he asked Escobedo to lead the house band. “I always thank him for this gig because he could have tried to get somebody that was established and would help the show more, being a bigger name or whatever,” Escobedo told ABC7 in a 2013 interview. “But he trusted me with this job, and I’ve tried to do the best I can.”

Escobedo’s cause of death is unknown, but Variety has confirmed that his condition was the “personal reason” Kimmel’s show was abruptly canceled on Thursday. “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” returned on Monday with a new episode, and will also broadcast a new episode on Tuesday, with Kimmel expected to address his friend and bandleader’s passing.

Escobedo played the alto, tenor and soprano saxophones and also sang as part of the band. Outside of performing on Kimmel’s show, Escobedo toured with Paula Abdul, Marc Anthony and Earth, Wind & Fire’s Phillip Bailey. Escobedo’s father, Cleto Escobedo Jr., is also a part of the “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” house band.

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In 2016, Kimmel celebrated Escobedo’s 50th birthday on air with a tribute: “I met Cleto in January of 1977 when my family moved from Brooklyn to Las Vegas. Cleto lived across the street from us… We began a lifetime of friendship that was highlighted by the kind of torture that only an older brother can inflict on you without being arrested.”

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IDF eliminates terrorist in ‘another ceasefire violation’ in Gaza

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IDF eliminates terrorist in ‘another ceasefire violation’ in Gaza

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The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) announced Tuesday that it had thwarted “another ceasefire violation” in the Gaza Strip after a “terrorist” crossed the “yellow line” that separates control of the territory.

The incident is the second of its kind to have been reported over the last two days. The ceasefire between Israel and Hamas went into effect on Oct. 10.

“IDF troops eliminated a terrorist who was identified crossing the yellow line and approaching IDF troops in southern Gaza, which posed an immediate threat to them,” the Israeli military wrote on X on Tuesday.

“The IDF must remain deployed, in accordance with the ceasefire agreement, to continue to operate to remove any immediate threat to the State of Israel,” it added.

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ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES ANNOUNCES RESUMPTION OF CEASEFIRE FOLLOWING STRIKES

Israeli soldiers are seen near tanks at the border with the Gaza Strip on Oct. 29, 2025, in southern Israel. (Amir Levy/Getty Images)

On Monday, the IDF said, “Two terrorists were identified crossing the yellow line and approaching IDF troops in southern Gaza, posing an immediate threat to them.”

“Following the identification, the IDF struck and eliminated the terrorists in order to remove the threat,” it continued.

In a statement to Fox News Digital on Tuesday, Israel’s Ambassador to the U.N. Danny Danon said, “Israel has always been committed to the terms of the ceasefire agreement and has been equally ready to enforce the ceasefire when Hamas repeatedly violates those terms.”

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“The terrorist organization was forced to accept this agreement following the IDF’s significant military achievements and the tremendous diplomatic efforts by President Trump and Prime Minister Netanyahu — and Israel will do whatever is necessary to bring the remaining hostages home and prevent Hamas from re-arming,” he added.

TWO IDF SOLDIERS KILLED AMID ‘SEVERE’ CEASEFIRE VIOLATION, ‘IT’S NOT THE LAST,’ ANALYST SAYS

An Israeli soldier takes position at an army post during an army-organized tour for journalists in the Shijaiya neighborhood of Gaza City, on Nov. 5, 2025.  (Ohad Zwigenberg/AP)

Brig. Gen. (res.) Amir Avivi, founder and chairman of IDSF (Israel’s Defense and Security Forum), previously told Fox News Digital that Israeli forces had controlled nearly 80% of the Gaza Strip before their pullback to the designated “yellow line” — a position, he said, that helped compel Hamas to agree to the ceasefire.

“The withdrawal enables Israel to maintain control over 53% of the Gaza Strip, including the Philadelphi Corridor, most of Rafah, half of Khan Younis, and sections of northern Gaza,” Avivi said. “Israel holds the high ground overlooking the coastal area, allowing the IDF to best protect Israeli towns.”

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Israel Defense Forces (IDF) personnel gather near military vehicles along the border with Gaza, as seen from the Israeli side, on Sept. 3, 2025.  (Ammar Awad/Reuters)

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He added that Hamas’ ability to smuggle weapons through the Egyptian border has been significantly curtailed.

Fox News’ Amelie Botbol contributed to this report.

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Asylum seekers will be relocated from Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus

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Asylum seekers will be relocated from Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus

Spain, Italy, Greece, and Cyprus have been considered “under migratory pressure” by the European Commission in its first Annual Asylum and Migration Report, unveiled on Tuesday.

These countries were interested last year in a “disproportionate level” of migrant arrivals, including those rescued at sea.

Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus will therefore benefit in 2026 from the solidarity of other EU member states, which could be expressed by relocating asylum seekers over their territory or by financial contribution.

Together with this assessment, the Commission proposed to the EU 27 member states the Annual Solidarity Pool, a mechanism to determine the total number of asylum seekers to be relocated and the amount each country should allocate, or to compensate for by paying.

The pool’s proposal is not public. It will be discussed by the EU member states, which are set to decide the size and the solidarity share for each country by the end of the year.

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Each member state – excepting the ones under migratory pressure – has to contribute in proportion to its population and total GDP, and could choose among three options to meet the needs outlined in the solidarity pool: relocating a certain number of asylum seekers to their own territory, pay €20,000 per person they do not relocate, or finance operational support in member states under migratory pressure.

The final decision will be taken by EU countries by a vote at qualified majority, with the minimum size for the solidarity pool set by law at 30,000 relocations and €600 million in financial contributions.

The Commission’s report also identifies 12 states “at risk of migratory pressure”: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, France, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland and Finland.

These countries are required to provide solidarity to those under migratory pressure, but their situation will be reevaluated to avoid disproportionate obligations in the next year.

A third group of countries has been classified as “facing a significant migratory situation”: Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Croatia, Austria, Poland. They are still required to provide solidarity, but can ask for an exemption to their quotas, which has to be certified by the Commission and approved by other member states.

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The report and the solidarity pool are the basis for developing the system of “mandatory solidarity” envisaged in the Pact on Migration and Asylum, the major reform of migration policy adopted in 2024.

Some member states do not want to apply the rules

Some EU countries are still opposing the system envisaged by the Pact on Migration and Asylum.

Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, Poland’s Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Slovakia’s Prime Minister Robert Fico have already stated that they will not implement EU rules, as they do not want to contribute either financially or by accepting migrants from other countries.

“Poland will not be accepting migrants under the Migration Pact. Nor will we pay for it,” Tusk wrote on Twitter shortly after the presentation of the report.

Budapest and Warsaw have not even presented to the Commission their implementation plan for the Pact, EU Commissioners for Home Affairs Magnus Brunner admitted during a press conference.

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Failing to contribute to the solidarity mechanism would be “a breach of obligations under EU law,” a senior EU official told Euronews.

This could lead to an infringement procedure towards the countries not willing to contribute when the regulation enters into force in June 2026. The first assessment of the EU’s new migration rules will happen next July, according to EU sources.

The only legal possibility to avoid the solidarity share is applying for an exemption, which could be done only by countries considered as “facing a significant migratory situation”: Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Croatia, Austria and Poland.

If the exemption is accepted by the Commission and other member states, the country that asked for it is no longer obliged to accept asylum seekers, nor to compensate for it with financial contributions. That country’s share will not be redistributed among the other member states.

According to the Commission’s report, the general migratory situation in the EU has improved, with illegal border crossings down by 35%, during the reporting period (July 2024-June 2025)

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At the same time, the Commission considers irregular arrivals, unauthorised movements of migrant people within the EU and weaponisation of migration by Russia and Belarus, among the challenges the EU has still to face.

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