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Las Vegas metro area could be the biggest winner when it comes to potential cooling power of trees • Nevada Current

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Las Vegas metro area could be the biggest winner when it comes to potential cooling power of trees • Nevada Current


Researchers found Las Vegas was the worst offender in the study in terms of the number of trees planted compared to the number of superheating man-made surfaces like buildings, roads, and sidewalks. (Photo: Ronda Churchill/Nevada Current)

Las Vegas is heating up faster than almost every other American city, but a new multi-year study may provide local governments some direction for effective heat relief.

According to a study published by the U.S. Geological Survey last week, Las Vegas and other cities in hotter drier regions may be the biggest winners when it comes to the cooling effect trees can provide in sizzling temperatures.

In eight large cities across the country, scientists placed 80-100 sensors on trees in each city and measured hourly air temperatures for three months during the summers of 2016 to 2019. The study found that urban trees in arid cities amplified the cooling of local air temperature significantly more than in more humid locations.

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The study covered Baltimore, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Portland, Miami, Tucson, Denver and Las Vegas.

“We found that trees in every city are reducing air temperature. But we did find that the hotter and drier the city, the greater the magnitude of that cooling power was,” said Peter Ibsen, USGS research ecologist and the study’s lead researcher.

For example, in humid Miami, researchers found that trees cooled the surrounding air temperatures by about 2 degrees C, while trees in the Las Vegas metro area accounted for a 7 degree C cooling effect. The study measured cooling effects over a 60-meter buffer around each tree, indicating a broader impact of tree canopy on air temperature.

“Trees, when you put up them all over the whole city, they have this larger effect of being able to reduce air temperature at the neighborhood scale,” Ibsen said.

Tree’s in hotter, dryer cities like Las Vegas also consistently mitigated air temperature increases during periods of extreme heat, meaning trees can substantially alter residents’ exposure to extreme heat in urban areas. 

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“We’re seeing a ton of cooling coming from trees in Las Vegas. And when we did a whole model accounting for heat waves in Las Vegas, that cooling effect increased during heat waves as well,” Ibsen said.

Average summertime temperatures in Las Vegas have increased by 5.8 degrees F since 1970, ranking as the second fastest-warming city in the US.

Extreme heat waves in Southern Nevada have exacerbated heat-related hospitalizations and deaths year-after-year. Last year, Clark County reported more than 300 heat-related deaths. In 2024, the county said heat was a factor in more than 400 deaths.

Las Vegas recorded its hottest temperature ever — 120 degrees F— on July 7, 2024. That same day, the youngest person in Clark County to die of a heat stroke was a 27-year old man, according to the Clark County coroner. The second hottest day ever recorded in Las Vegas — 119 degrees F — happened two days later, where the youngest person to die of heat stroke was a 28-year old man.

Heat related deaths are often associated with the sick and elderly, but at a certain temperature the human body can’t withstand extreme heat, and neither a person’s state of fitness nor their levels of hydration can protect them from heat damage.

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Finding trees that aren’t ‘all in parks’

Human-caused climate change has turbocharged heat all over the country, but it’s most intense in cities. That’s because buildings, roads and sidewalks radiate more heat than grass and trees, in what’s known as the urban heat island effect. 

Researchers found Las Vegas was the worst offender in the study in terms of the number of trees planted compared to the number of superheating man-made surfaces. Only about 9% of the Las Vegas metro area  is covered by tree canopy, while impervious surfaces — buildings, roads and sidewalks — covered nearly 50% of the area. Those trees were also rarely planted near those superheated surfaces.

Ibsen said researchers in the Las Vegas area had to install sensors across the largest area of any other city studied compared to its size due to a widespread lack of trees. 

“To get around 80 to 100 sensors up, we needed to find 80 to 100 trees that are also not necessarily all in parks,” Ibsen said. “There’s not that many places in Las Vegas where you can find that.”

However, researchers found that even in sweltering cities with sprawling concrete networks, trees were able to effectively mitigate heat and cool air temperatures significantly in arid regions. 

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“It’s not that the areas are getting colder during heat waves, but trees are able to cap that increase. So downtown may increase by like 12 degrees, but areas with trees may only increase by 8 degrees. And we didn’t find that in every city,” Ibsen said. 

Ibsen says trees function in surprisingly similar ways to the human body, pumping water through their leaves to cool down, the same way a human sweats to cool down. That water vapor then cools the air surrounding the tree. In humid environments, the air is already full of water vapor, so water doesn’t evaporate as quickly or cool as effectively.

“In really arid cities, there’s more water getting pumped out of the soil by trees. So we get this bonus cooling effect, in addition to shade that we don’t see in the more humid cities,” Ibsen said.

Grass did not have the same large-scale cooling effect as trees, especially in arid conditions, according to the study. The lack of shade provided by grass and its proximity to the ground makes grass especially inefficient at cooling surrounding air temperatures.

“Unlike grass, a tree can cool things off in multiple directions and at different levels of height as well,” Ibsen said.

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Ibsen said he hopes local agencies and municipalities will work with the data from their research to create better urban planning. 

Time for a water schedule rethink?

However, researchers warn that maintaining trees in an urban setting requires irrigation. The study also found that several tree species could not survive intensifying heat waves and existing water restrictions, resulting in leaf death. Cities should invest in well-trained urban foresters that can select the right species of trees that can withstand extreme heat, Ibsen said. 

The City of Las Vegas is working on establishing an expansive urban canopy across urban areas, but that work is more complicated than just planting more trees, said Steven Glimp, a board certified arborist, and the city’s manager of parks and urban forestry. 

“To get around 80 to 100 sensors up, we needed to find 80 to 100 trees that are also not necessarily all in parks… There’s not that many places in Las Vegas where you can find that.”

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– Peter Ibsen, U.S. Geological Survey

The city aims to plant 2,500 to 3,000 trees annually, focusing on areas with the greatest heat island effect, including downtown, the Historic Westside, and parts of council wards one, three, and five in the southeast portion of the city’s boundaries.

Glimp said planting trees in built environments with hardscapes is challenging due to compacted soil degraded by concrete and asphalt. The city has implemented innovative soil volume strategies since 2016, including soil cells and engineered soil-mixes to provide better oxygen and space for tree roots.

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Less adaptive species first planted in Las Vegas are also failing in the midst of higher temperatures and water restrictions. 

“This year, we did see an increase in mortality with some old school species. The mortality rate was much higher this year, because species are starting to fail in these really hot summers,” Glimp said. 

Lack of irrigation can also be an issue. The Southern Nevada Water Authority four-season watering schedule doesn’t always align with the reality of summer heat, including this year when 100-plus degree weather continued well into the fall, said Glimp. But more resilient species should be able to handle less frequent irrigation.

“We’re planting species that could basically survive on our existing rainfall. Once established, after a few years being irrigated, they could survive extended drought,” Glimp said.

Resilient tree species, including native and non-native varieties, are being planted throughout the city to enhance urban canopy diversity. The city also promotes these species to local nurseries and landscapers to increase availability for homeowners looking to cool their homes and neighborhoods.

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Nevada

Nelson paces All-Southern Nevada soccer selections

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Nelson paces All-Southern Nevada soccer selections


Honored among the state’s best, Boulder City High School girls soccer stars Makayla Nelson and Abbey Byington were named to the All-Southern Nevada team.

An honor usually presented to 5A and 4A players, Nelson and Byington were among seven 3A players to make the 54-player team.

“I am very proud of Mack and Abbey’s accomplishments this year,” head coach Kristin Shelton said. “I’m not surprised they were honored as top players in the state, as they absolutely deserve it. Their talent is obvious and I’m so happy it was recognized by others.”

A dynamic scorer with a state-leading 58 goals, Nelson was named a second-team All-Southern Nevada selection after being named 3A Mountain league’s most valuable player.

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Helping the Lady Eagles to a 15-4-1 record, Nelson was named to the 3A All-State first team, after generating 15 assists as well this past season.

“I can’t say it enough that Mack was a force to be reckoned with this year,” Shelton said. “Not only was she our leading scorer, she was just an all-around great student-athlete and leader. Every other coach in our league knew her by name and agreed that she was most deserving of Player of the Year.”

Named an honorable mention selection, Byington was named to the 3A Southern region second team after generating 30 goals and 16 assists this past season.

Honored by the 3A, junior Sancha Jenas-Keogh was a first-team 3A All-State selection after being named defensive player of the year for the Southern region.

Emerging as a breakout presence on both sides of the ball, Jenas-Keogh generated eight goals and eight assists, along with 20 steals.

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“Sancha blew everyone away defensively this year,” Shelton said. “Her speed is unmatched, which is why she was able to shut down so many top players in our league. I am extremely excited to have her for one more season and really look forward to continue watching her soccer success.”

Named to the Mountain League second team for the Eagles was senior Abby Francis (eight goals, 12 assists) and juniors Josie Cimino (six goals, seven assists) and Leonesse Williams (six assists, 48 steals).



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Top 5 high school mascots in Nevada: Vote for the best

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Top 5 high school mascots in Nevada: Vote for the best


Some of the best high school mascots in Nevada are in some seriously remote locations, but one urban contender for best in the state is Cheyenne High School’s Desert Shields in North Las Vegas.

Over the next couple of months, SBLive/SI will be featuring the best high school mascots in every state, giving readers a chance to vote for No. 1 in all 50.

The winners and highest vote-getters will make up the field for our NCAA Tournament-style March Mascot Madness bracket in 2025. The Coalinga Horned Toads (California) are the defending national champions.

Here are High School on SI’s top 5 high school mascots in Nevada (vote in the poll below to pick your favorite):

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The poll will close at 11:59 p.m. ET Thursday, Jan. 9.

The North Las Vegas school was built in 1991, a year after the United States’ Operation Desert Shield began in Iraq. For Native Americans, a desert shield is a protective hide often decorated with bright designs and feathers.

Not quite a tornado, a dust devil is a strong, well-formed, relatively short-lived whirlwind. And the Dust Devils’ mascot has lots more personality than a lot of tornado logos out there — it looks ready to fight with its dukes up while sporting a serpent-like tail.

Tonopah is in mining country in off-the-beaten-path Nevada, and mucking is a little-known mining process. Muck is a mix of silver, rock and dirt, and muckers load it into ore cars for it to be rolled to the surface and processed. Fighting Muckers, on the other hand, play high school sports.

Mineral County residents have been telling horror stories about Walker Lake’s Cecil the Serpent since the 1800s, warning of imminent death to anyone who dared to swim in Cecil’s lake. If that’s not a perfect scenario for a high school mascot, I don’t know what is.

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Anyone with arachnophobia will want to skip ahead to the next one (and stay away from Gabbs, Nevada, in the fall). From September through November, thousands of desert tarantulas get out of their burrows and roam searching for a mate, representing the world’s largest tarantula migration. They’re so ever-present in Gabbs that the high school made the obvious choice of calling themselves the Tarantulas.

To get live updates on your phone — as well as follow your favorite teams and top games — you can download the SBLive Sports app: Download iPhone App | Download Android App

— Mike Swanson | swanson@scorebooklive.com | @sblivesports



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‘Tremendous contributions:’ Southern Nevada’s top health official is retiring

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‘Tremendous contributions:’ Southern Nevada’s top health official is retiring


Dr. Fermin Leguen’s family had expected him to become physician since he was a child growing up in Cuba.

He initially thought that he might study aviation technology. He wanted travel the world.

“Honestly, medicine wasn’t one of my top things to do,” he said in a recent interview. “But at the same time — like every other kid — you really have no idea about what any career is about.”

Leguen, 71, eventually made a choice he said he’s never regretted.

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“Finally, I decided to go with medicine,” Leguen said.

Southern Nevada’s Health District top official is retiring at the beginning of March, marking an end to a decades-long career that dispatched him across the globe to serve in public health.

“I have never (spent) a long period of time doing nothing, so I don’t know what to expect,” he said about his upcoming retirement.

Leguen — who became the face of the valley’s COVID-19 response as acting chief health officer— said he will miss his team and their dedication.

He will simply miss “just being here.”

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Leguen said he believes the Health District will remain in good hands, supported with a “very strong team.”

“We have very professional people here with a lot of skills, highly trained,” he said. “Regardless of who’s leading the organization, the biggest strength we have is the people we have here. And they are fully capable of responding to multiple public-health threats that we could face.”

The Health District board appointed Dr. Cassius Lockett — deputy district health officer — to succeed Leguen.

‘Tremendous contributions’

Leguen, who speaks softly and has a shy demeanor, was honored at Las Vegas City Hall earlier this month.

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Shortly after the room cleared from the festivities that welcomed new Mayor Shelley Berkley and Councilwoman Shondra Summers-Armstrong, Councilwoman Olivia Diaz took the microphone to issue a proclamation honoring Leguen for his “tremendous contributions.”

“Dr. Leguen, gracias,” Diaz said. “I just want to say ‘thank you’ for everything that you have done.”

Leguen joined the health district in 2016 as director of clinical services. In October 2019 — a few months before the global pandemic broke out, he was named acting chief health officer.

“Little did we know when we selected him… what we were going to be reeling and dealing with as the world and as a community,” Diaz said. “I don’t think this man would get a shut eye.”

As the health district searched for a permanent agency head, “the board leadership just decided Dr. Leguen has already proven himself as the right leader for this agency.”

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Leguen was officially promoted in early 2021.

During his tenure, he spearheaded the opening of two community health hubs that offer immunizations and primary health services for patients with no health insurance, Diaz noted.

He said he’s proud of his administration’s program that helps address a congenital syphilis crisis that’s “devastating” children.

During the pandemic, Leguen led the rollout of a bilingual education campaign for Spanish speakers at a time when Latinos accounted for 25 percent of COVID-19 deaths, Diaz said.

When Clark County commissioners faced backlash in the fall of 2021 over a resolution declaring vaccine misinformation a source of increased demand for unsafe treatments, Leguen supported the motion.

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“While it is essential for public agencies to provide a forum for people to comment and give input on issues that impact them, it is critical that information impacting the health and safety of the public be based on proven science and accurate data,” he said at the time.

“He’s made it a priority for the Southern Nevada Health District to reflect the community it serves,” Diaz said. “And to forge partnerships with diverse community organizations in order to better reach and serve underserved residents.”

Diaz said Leguen headed the region’s response to other public health emergencies, such as the opioid epidemic and the West Nile virus.

“I wish COVID was the only one,” Diaz said.

A life of service

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Leguen was born in Guantanamo, Cuba. His parents moved the family to the capital city of Havana when he was a toddler.

He studied medicine at the University of Havana.

Leguen worked for Cuba’s social services. He fled the communist country in 1991, eventually migrating to the U.S. where he began a residency in Puerto Rico before completing a pediatric residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Throughout his career, he was a vaccination consultant in Africa, Caribbean countries and South America.

He credits vaccinations for saving lives during the pandemic.

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“When you’re seeing the number of deaths increasing day by day and there is nothing telling you that this is going to get better, it’s very, very depressing,” he said.

While nobody can fully prepare for a future pandemic, Leguen said that the agency has learned lessons to hamper the impact. Community in Southern Nevada collaboration was crucial, he added.

“We must be ready to learn every single day,” he said. “Nobody has the 100 percent answer for anything. We must be willing to communicate with our peers and the public our concerns, our limitations. And also make sure our community is aware of the multiple threats that could be there.”

Leguen, who has a wife and a daughter, said he’s looking forward to having more time to read fiction and watch Korean movies.

Asked to reflect about being an immigrant of color in the U.S. with a life of service under his sleeve, Leguen spoke generally about living out a dream.

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“What I would say to anybody is that you have to follow your dreams,” he said. “You must be consistent with your beliefs. You must be able to sacrifice yourselves and be confident.”

Contact Ricardo Torres-Cortez at rtorres@reviewjournal.com.



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