California
Sea otters are dying from rare parasite strain along Calif. coast
The latest deaths of 4 sea otters found alongside California’s Central Coast have been linked to a pressure of parasite that scientists are calling uncommon and weird — one that might additionally pose a risk to people and different animals.
The primary contaminated sea otter, a feminine, was discovered on a seashore in San Simeon in February 2020. She was nonetheless alive however appeared skinny and displayed extreme neurological signs; researchers stated she was groaning and principally unresponsive. She died shortly thereafter.
The opposite three sea otters washed ashore between February and March 2022; they have been deceased however thought-about to be in good to wonderful dietary situation previous to their deaths, stated Devinn Sinnott, a graduate scholar in integrative pathobiology on the College of California, Davis College of Veterinary Drugs and a co-author of a examine printed final Wednesday from UC Davis and the California Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Notably, the three contaminated females have been stranded inside about 16 miles of each other in San Luis Obispo County, whereas the male was discovered at Pure Bridges State Marine Reserve in Santa Cruz, all in periods of heavy rainfall.
When the ocean otters have been transported to the California Division of Fish and Wildlife’s Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Analysis Heart in Santa Cruz for necropsy, researchers have been puzzled by what they present in a sequence of DNA exams. Not solely did the animals all present indicators of a extreme type of toxoplasmosis that had by no means been reported in sea otters or different aquatic animals earlier than, however till now, the parasite had additionally by no means been detected on the California shoreline.
“I’ve studied Toxoplasma infections in sea otters for 25 years, and I’ve by no means seen such extreme lesions or excessive parasite numbers,” Melissa Miller, a veterinary pathologist for the California Division of Fish and Wildlife, stated in an announcement.
Specialists are reporting their preliminary findings to extend consciousness surrounding the pressure. There’s a potential public well being threat as a result of it has the potential to unfold and infect any warm-blooded animal, in addition to people who devour uncooked or undercooked mussels, clams, oysters or crab. So long as individuals are limiting their publicity to the parasite, the danger ought to be fairly low, Sinnott stated. Most individuals who contract toxoplasmosis don’t expertise signs, however it will possibly trigger neurological illness, in addition to miscarriages in people who find themselves pregnant, and poses an elevated threat for people who find themselves immunocompromised.
“Below the microscope, we noticed ample irritation and quite a few, quite a few parasites current,” Sinnott stated, repeating the phrase for emphasis. “We wish to make different vets conscious of this to allow them to take additional precautions, as a result of there might be an elevated threat potential for different folks out within the subject who’re working with animal tissue.”
Toxoplasmosis is definitely frequent amongst sea otters — they’re weak to the an infection as a result of they dwell close to the shoreline, the place they could be uncovered to the parasite’s eggs in stormwater runoff, they usually eat bivalve shellfish that may maintain on to the egg stage of the parasite.
However this specific pressure seems to be extra deadly than most, swiftly killing otters that have been beforehand wholesome, Sinnott stated. Often called the COUG genotype, the pressure was first recognized in mountain lions in British Columbia, Canada, in 1995 after an outbreak of the parasite had occurred amongst people across the similar time. To date, the pressure has not contaminated people, and just one different case was recorded in a feral pig within the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.
“We don’t see it that generally,” Sinnott stated. “To search out it in a marine atmosphere was very shocking.”
The trigger and actual supply of the pressure stay unknown. What consultants do know is that toxoplasma strains replicate within the intestines of cats and different felid species and that someway the otters have been contaminated with the egg stage of the parasite. As a result of the ocean otters have been contaminated in periods of heavy rainfall, Sinnott hypothesized {that a} home or wild cat could have shed the parasite by means of its feces into streams or stormwater runoff, which then could have drained into the ocean water the place the otters have been feeding and subsequently grew to become contaminated.
Sea otters have been protected beneath the Endangered Species Act since 1977, and Sinnott stated the inhabitants has struggled to get again to its historic numbers and geographic vary because of different infectious illnesses, useful resource limitations and shark predation. She famous this has a larger ecological affect — with fewer sea otters round to assist management exploding sea urchin populations, kelp forests that different marine species and invertebrates depend on to outlive are disappearing.
“They play a pivotal function within the California coast. Discovering this extra deadly pressure in sea otters may be very regarding from a inhabitants well being standpoint as a result of they’re already beneath a number of stress,” Sinnott stated. “If we do see extra instances in wholesome and pup-bearing adults, we may see vital inhabitants impacts on this very confused species.”
Sinnott urged folks to contact the California Division of Fish and Wildlife, the Marine Mammal Heart, or the Monterey Bay Aquarium in the event that they see sick or stranded sea otters. Extra analysis and cautious surveillance of the species are wanted to uncover extra data on how prevalent the parasite is, the place it’s coming from, how unfold out it’s geographically and to what diploma it may have an effect on different species.
“There are a number of questions which have but to be answered,” Sinnott stated.
California
'Tis the Season for Science at California Academy of Sciences
SAN FRANCISCO – Two young reindeer lounging in their pen the Saturday before Thanksgiving — the day of their big holiday season premiere at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco — were taking a break after eating lunch.
They were lying around, but children outside the pen were fascinated, pointing, calling out to the deer and doubtlessly wondering why they weren’t training. After all, the reindeer’s biggest day of the year was only about a month away.
The academy employee supervising the scene said they were saving their energy, being from Northern Europe, which is very cold.
Uh-huh. That’s why they save their energy.
Everyone knows why a reindeer needs a lot of extra juice. They’re really saving it for the long trip on Dec. 24.
The academy just opened its annual “‘Tis the Season for Science” program. Besides the young reindeer jolly old Saint Nick lent the academy, there’s festive decor, public programs about visiting animals, music, dance and magic performances, cookie decorating and seasonal photo ops.
There’s also snow periodically falling inside the big presentation space in the center of the museum. The snowflakes were a big hit Saturday, if running, screaming, dancing children trying to catch snow on their tongues were a good indicator.
There are also lots of spots for photo ops and more practical winter wonderland information, like how animals adapt to climate change.
Of course, the best thing about going to the Academy of Sciences during the holidays is having an excuse to do something really cool and tell oneself it’s educational for the kids. It is, but it’s also a lot of fun.
The four-legged holiday visitors are just outside the academy’s eastern end. Baby camels are scheduled to make an appearance Dec. 6, followed by baby yaks on Dec. 20.
They all have a place in holiday lore, but the academy makes sure visitors get some scientific facts as well.
Signs outside the pen explain these two reindeer are only seven months old and recently weaned from mom. They’re tiny but tough, one sign says, and are built for the cold. From birth, reindeer, camels and yaks are adapted to withstand the elements.
Reindeer quickly develop insulation for arctic (North Pole?) life, camels grow thick fur to protect them from chilly desert nights, and yak calves’ sport shaggy coats for high Himalayan mountains.
“As climate change alters and reduces habitats, these species — and many others — face new challenges. Humans can help these resilient young animals thrive by protecting and regenerating ecosystems,” a sign said.
Then there’s of course, the year-round penguin exhibit, which is a favorite, judging by the crowds gathered around the viewing window. Unlike the other animals brought in to celebrate the holidays, penguins are typically from the planet’s (very) deep south, where it’s very cold.
“Every year the academy catches the holiday bug with ‘Tis the Season for Science,’ more than a month of wintry festivities with a special academy science twist,” academy executive director Scott Sampson said in an email. “This year we are stepping up the action with visits by pairs of live baby reindeer, camels, and yaks for two weeks each to explore winter survival adaptations and other unique features of these adorable creatures.
“The museum also is buzzing with other fun and educational activities, including falling snow inside our piazza; seasonal science experiments (think dry ice); and music, dance, and magic performances from over a dozen diverse troupes,” Sampson said.
And, of course, there’s the old favorites, including the world-class Steinhart Aquarium starring Claude the albino alligator, who was very active this day.
The lush, four-story Osher Rainforest dome was full of more than 1,600 butterflies, birds, fish, plants (and tropical humidity – wear layers) and the Morrison Planetarium was mind-boggling, as usual. (Tom Hanks narrating a trip through the universe in “Passport to the Universe” is worth waiting in line for 20-30 minutes).
The California Academy of Sciences is at 55 Music Concourse Drive in San Francisco.
Public hours are 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday and 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays. Thursday NightLife is from 6 to 10 p.m. The museum is closed Dec. 4 for a private event.
For more information, go to www.calacademy.org.
California
What California city has the best weather for you? Take our quiz
California has plenty of options when it comes to finding a place with your preferred weather. If you like cool weather, some cities spend nearly the entire year below 70 degrees. If you hate the rain, there are locations that average just a few inches per year.
The Chronicle gathered data about temperature, precipitation, air quality and extreme weather for 61 places across California, including the 20 most populous cities with data available. In total, 53 of the state’s 58 counties are represented in the analysis.
While there may not be a perfect match with everything you’re looking for, this quiz will help pinpoint a place that gets close.
California
California woman dies from Fresno County's first human case of rabies in more than 30 years
A California woman died of rabies after allegedly being bitten by a bat in her classroom, according to Fresno County health officials.
The woman, later identified as Leah Seneng, 60, marks the first human case of rabies in Fresno County since 1992.
“In general, rabies is a disease that affects the brain, and it is very rare. But when it develops, it can cause very serious consequences,” said Dr. Trnidad Solis, Fresno County Health Department’s deputy health officer. “It’s transmitted through saliva; it is not airborne.”
RABIES PATIENT BECOMES FIRST FATAL CASE IN US AFTER POST-EXPOSURE TREATMENT, REPORT SAYS
Seneng, who was an art teacher at Bryant Middle School in Dos Palos, was bitten by the bat when she was attempting to rescue it in her classroom, local outlet ABC30 reported.
She first came into contact with the bat in October, but did not display symptoms until approximately a month later, according to Fresno County health officials. She was admitted to the hospital and died four days later.
PEANUT THE SQUIRREL EARMARKED FOR EUTHANASIA BEFORE BEING CONFISCATED AND WAS RABIES-FREE: REPORT
“The most frequent route of transmission is through the bite of an animal that has rabies. With rabies, unfortunately, there is no cure. So, when symptoms develop, there is no treatment, and often when it develops, it is often fatal. So we want the public to know that prevention is key to preventing rabies infection,” Solis said.
Fresno County officials do not believe there is a threat to public health at this time, but are working with the Merced County Health Department to identify any other possible exposures and administer vaccines.
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Seneng’s coworkers have set up a GoFundMe account to assist her family during this time.
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