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A new Southeast Asian history curriculum is in the works for California schools

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A new Southeast Asian history curriculum is in the works for California schools


The Orange County Department of Education is in the process of developing a statewide curriculum focused on Southeast Asian heritage and history.

Dubbed the “Southeast Asian Model Curriculum Project,” OCDE — in collaboration with community input and local researchers — is curating three model curriculums centered on the histories, cultures and refugee experiences of Cambodian, Hmong and Vietnamese Americans. The curriculum will include lesson plans, primary source documents, planning resources, teaching strategies and professional development activities to assist educators, said Ian Hanigan, an OCDE spokesperson.

Once developed, the curriculum will be available for grades kindergarten through 12 but will not be mandatory for any schools, Hanigan said. But schools, should they teach these subjects, will be able to rely on the model curriculum for resources.

“Each model curriculum will present ideas, lessons, examples and resources for school districts to consider as they develop their own coursework,” said Hanigan. “It will live on a website that can be accessed by educators and searched by content standards. The curriculum may be used as part of history, social studies or language courses or included in a district’s ethnic studies program.”

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One portion of the model curriculum, called the “Hmong History and Cultural Studies Model Curriculum,” will delve into the history and migration of the Hmong population across Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and China. This will highlight the contributions and sacrifices made by the Hmong and other Southeast Asians who served in the “Secret Army” in Laos, a CIA-led operation during the Vietnam War.

In parallel, the “Cambodian American Studies Model” will incorporate various media formats presenting perspectives on the Cambodian genocide, including oral testimonies from survivors. For the development of this portion, the OCDE is collaborating with organizations such as the Asian Youth Promoting Advocacy and Leadership group, the Center for Empowering Refugees and Immigrants and the non-profit Cambodian Family.

Similarly, the “Vietnamese American Experiences Model Curriculum” will explore pivotal events such as the fall of Saigon in 1975 and include discussions on Vietnamese boat people and Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces members and the circumstances leading to the resettlement of Vietnamese people in the U.S.

OCDE is aiming to complete the curriculum by spring 2024 and start implementation around 2025, said Hanigan.

Model curriculum projects are initiated by laws mandating state development of curricula for specific subjects, serving as guides for educators by outlining content, skills and learning objectives across various grade levels. The California Department of Education has a few model curricula in place, such as human rights and genocide, ethnic studies and the life of César Chávez.

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The Southeast Asian heritage model curriculum was born out of state legislation in 2018 from Sen. Janet Nguyen, R-Huntington Beach, and the state later allocated $1.2 million for development.

“I think it is important in Orange County, especially around Little Saigon in Westminster, because it helps friends, neighbors and children understand the history,” said Nguyen. “Once we understand each other’s history and our differences, it is when the community becomes better and works together.”

Orange County is home to just over 700,000 Asian Americans and about 10,000 Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, according to 2020 Census data.

“I don’t want future generations to go through what I had to go through by just figuring out things; I want them to learn,” Nguyen said.

California’s Department of Education in 2022 tasked OCDE, alongside Humboldt and San Diego counties’ education departments, to spearhead the curriculum development.

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​​​​To do that, OCDE has hired educators, scholars and others with Cambodia, Hmong and Vietnamese heritage to compile perspectives and stories to add to the curriculum.

Additionally, OCDE has been regularly holding engagement sessions to hear community feedback and input since 2022. During these engagement sessions, attendees can participate in a focus group discussion aimed at fostering open and meaningful dialogue, said Hanigan.

“This format allows for an equitable sharing of voices, as we believe it’s essential that everyone has the opportunity to contribute their perspectives to this important project,” said Hanigan.

In addition to facilitating discussion, OCDE will provide resources to aid in curriculum development.

“This project is a collaborative effort, and it’s the contributions from individuals like those attending our session that will ensure its success and relevance,” said Hanigan.

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The next engagement session is scheduled for Saturday, Feb. 17 and will focus on the Vietnamese portion of the curriculum. This session will take place at the Vietnamese Heritage Museum located at 13962 Seaboard Cir. in Garden Grove. OCDE asks those interested in attending to sign up online.

To find the full list of engagement sessions, visit OCDE’s website.



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Opinion | Our house burned down but our mortgage didn’t. California fire survivors need time

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Opinion | Our house burned down but our mortgage didn’t. California fire survivors need time


By Rachel Jonas and Robert Fagnani, Special for CalMatters

The aftermath of the Palisades Fire, as clean-ups and infrastructure repairs begin, in Pacific Palisades, on Jan. 14, 2025. Photo by Ted Soqui for CalMatters

This commentary was originally published by CalMatters. Sign up for their newsletters.

Guest Commentary written by

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We were supposed to celebrate our younger son’s first birthday in our backyard on January 11th, 2025. Instead, four days before his party, we watched the Palisades fire take our home. We’d packed what we could, put our kids in the car and drove to Tennessee to live with family because we had nowhere else to go.

Our house is gone. Our older son’s preschool is gone. The library, the restaurants, the small routines that made up a life are all gone. What remains is a mortgage on a property that no longer exists and a rebuilding process that every expert we’ve spoken to says will take two to four years, minimum.

We did not expect to become advocates. But in the months after the fire, we kept running into the same impossible questions from other families — questions about forbearance, credit and what their mortgage servicer was actually required to do. Nobody had clear answers, so we founded Disaster Mortgage Relief and have spent the past year listening to hundreds of families across the Palisades and Altadena navigate a financial system that was simply not built for what we are living through.

That experience is what brings us to Assembly Bill 1847. The California Bankers Association recently argued that this bill — which would extend and strengthen mortgage protections established under last year’s fire emergency mortgage relief law, AB 238 — could end up restricting access to credit. 

We want to engage with that, because we think it gets the situation almost entirely backwards.

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AB 238 gave people whose homes burned up to 12 months of mortgage forbearance. But the rebuilding timeline in the Palisades and Altadena is not 12 months. Debris removal, utility restoration, insurance disputes, permit approvals, contractor shortages and construction inflation have made this a multi-year process for virtually everyone we work with. 

The original forbearance framework was built around a recovery timeline that does not exist in reality. Now that fire survivors’ forbearance periods are expiring, we are watching the consequences in real time: Families who were current on their mortgages before the January 2025 fire — who followed every rule — are seeing their credit scores fall by 200, 300, even 400 points. 

Some are being pushed toward foreclosure. Some are being handed balloon payments of $100,000 or more, due at the exact moment they are trying to finance construction.

This is not a story about irresponsible borrowers. These are teachers, small business owners, young families who made these neighborhoods what they were. Most still desperately want to come home. But the financial pressure is forcing many of them out for good.

We understand lenders need predictable rules and functioning credit markets. California cannot solve one crisis by creating another. But the greater threat to future lending is not temporary forbearance; it is mass borrower failure, collapsing credit, abandoned rebuilds and neighborhoods that never recover.

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AB 1847 does not forgive debt. It does not eliminate lender rights. It does not tell banks they won’t be repaid. It allows payments to be deferred during rebuilding and moved to the loan’s back end. 

The CARES Act, which gave borrowers of federally-backed mortgages up to 360 days’ relief during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrated that similar structures were operationally feasible on a national scale. 

For many families, freeing up two or three years of principal and interest and applying that money to construction is the difference between rebuilding and permanently leaving. It requires no taxpayer money; it simply restructures debt that already exists so families have a realistic chance to come home.

In our case, my family is still in Tennessee, saving every dime we can to hopefully afford to rebuild the home we lost.

Climate events are no longer temporary and localized. They destroy entire communities at once and displace families for years. The financial infrastructure around homeownership needs to catch up to that reality.

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The question before California is simple: when disaster survivors are trapped between a destroyed home and a mortgage system that no longer matches modern recovery, will we force families into financial collapse or adapt the system to the world we now live in?

This article was originally published on CalMatters and was republished under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license.



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Tesla driver infamous for Southern California road rage attacks sentenced in Hawaii case

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Tesla driver infamous for Southern California road rage attacks sentenced in Hawaii case


A Tesla driver infamous for a series of road rage attacks caught on camera in Southern California has been sentenced to seven years in prison after he was convicted in a similar case in Hawaii.

Videos from 2023 that went viral show a pipe-wielding man getting out of his Tesla and striking vehicles on Southern California roads.

Nathanial Radimak was arrested early that year for a series of attacks, was convicted in two road rage incidents and served time behind bars in California. Now he’s headed to prison again in Hawaii for a similar attack.

  • Tesla road rage driver appears in Hawaii court

Two of Radmark’s Los Angeles-area victims reacted to the 40-year-old’s seven-year prison sentence, longer than even the prosecution requested.

“I feel that justice has finally been served,” said victim Beth Lamprecht during a press conference Tuesday.

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“For years, there were pleas to keep this dangerous individual from hurting others. While those warnings went unheeded, today we finally have accountability,” she continued.

Those victims and attorney Gloria Allred argued that Radimak should not have been free in the first place.

He was sentenced to five years in prison in Los Angeles County and released after a year, according to the Department of Corrections.

Allred said he received credit for time served while awaiting sentencing and good behavior.

There are reports that Allred raised on Tuesday that Radimak was released early from California custody because of overcrowding.

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He committed this latest attack in Hawaii while still on parole.

“It highlights a painful reality, one’s individual criminal behavior can impact communities across multiple cities and multiple states,” victim Vivian Romero said.

In the Hawaii attack, which was caught on camera, Radimak was seen zipping past a mother and 18-year-old daughter trying to parallel park.

The daughter yelled “slow down” out of concern. The suspect was then seen turning around, approaching their car, punching the 18-year-old and, when mom Diane Ung gets out furious, he punches her in the eye.

He pleaded no contest to two assault charges.

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“For the first time in a long time, we all can breathe a little easier knowing that he will have time he needs in a space away from the general public,” Lamprecht said.

At the sentencing hearing in Hawaii, Radimak said he regrets the assault there and takes accountability and said he needs treatment. His attorney argued he has a long history of undiagnosed schizophrenia and other mental illnesses and struggled with side effects from his medications.

KTLA has reached out to the Department of Corrections and the Los Angeles County District Attorney to see if they will try to extradite Radimak for parole violation.



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California chemical tank crisis updates. What happens next?

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California chemical tank crisis updates. What happens next?


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The worst threats from a damaged chemical tank in Southern California have passed, with authorities saying a major explosion was no longer imminent, but evacuations are still in place amid continued risks on May 26.

The damaged tank prompted tens of thousands of evacuations near Garden Grove, California, in Orange County, south of Los Angeles, starting on May 21. The tank, which stores a toxic industrial chemical, overheated and caused pressure to build up.

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Officials have previously said the crisis would lead to a catastrophic explosion or a spill of the roughly 7,000 gallons of methyl methacrylate at the GKN Aerospace manufacturing facility.

By May 25, they were more optimistic.

“The most catastrophic and worst-case scenario was mitigated and resolved,” said TJ McGovern, interim chief of the Orange County Fire Authority, in a news conference the evening of May 25.

The potential for the most serious crisis was averted after officials discovered a crack in the tank, which relieved significant pressure and the likelihood of a BLEVE, or a “boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion.” The evacuation zone was reduced on May 25, but still covered about 16,000 residents, the fire authority said.

“Residents have been displaced from their homes, businesses have been impacted, and I am relieved that many of you will be able to return home,” Garden Grove Mayor Stephanie Klopfenstein said. “Garden Grove will get through this together.”

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President Donald Trump, on May 25, signed an emergency declaration at the federal level.

Thousands of residents can go back home after explosion risk mitigated

Tens of thousands of residents were removed from the evacuation zone as of the evening of May 25.

As people return to their homes, the Environmental Protection Agency said it was conducting air quality tests, which so far were in the clear for harmful exposure to residents, federal on-scene coordinator Chris Myers said.

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Many who evacuated have been staying at shelters set up to house the displaced, and some slept in tents or in their cars nearby. They spent their Memorial Day holiday away from home. At Freedom Hall, a structure at Miles Square Regional Park in Fountain Valley, Michael Friedman told the USA TODAY Network he was tired and frustrated after evacuating from his home on May 22.

“Everyone’s doing their best,” Friedman said. “They really are, but it’s like it’s not like being at home.” 

Nancy O’Leary, who lives in a senior facility in Garden Grove, slept near Friedman at the shelter. Despite the situation, O’Leary was thankful for how helpful she said others were.

“Oh, you have no idea the friends you make in here,” she said. “Sticking together. It’s wonderful.” 

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The risk is not over. What happens next?

Officials said the residents under the most recent evacuation orders live in an area still at risk from the tank. More work will need to be done before the evacuation is lifted entirely, Orange County Fire Authority incident commander Craig Covey said.

Teams are checking the temperature of the tank every 30 minutes, hoping to confirm a downward trend that would indicate risk is lessening. In the smaller risk zone, Covey said there is still a potential for fire.

In the meantime, residents were urged not to enter the evacuation zone and to keep close watch for updates.

“Nothing is worth risking and endangering your lives by trying to go back to your home while an evacuation order is still in effect,” said Sen. Adam Schiff of California. “Don’t put your lives at risk, and don’t put the lives of first responders at risk by getting in their way.”

Contributing: Paris Barraza, Daniella Segura, Dinah Voyles Pulver, Christopher Cann, Thao Nguyen, Ani Gasparyan and Brian Day, the USA TODAY Network

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