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An A/C and heater that can be taken anywhere

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An A/C and heater that can be taken anywhere

The EcoFlow Wave 2 is an air conditioner, heater, and fan that can uniquely be powered by a battery and solar panel. This portable heat pump packs a lot of cooling and heating for its size and could be a game changer for some or a disappointment for others. It all depends on whether you believe EcoFlow’s marketing. 

A heat pump’s ability to transfer heat in and out of a room is what makes these increasingly popular appliances so efficient, but EcoFlow’s pitch for the diminutive Wave 2 is absurd and misleading. It shows people using it inside a spacious living room, a large RV, on the deck of a boat, and outside at a campsite. Some backpacker even carried it into the mountains to use with a tent. 

One of several absurd and misleading images EcoFlow uses to promote the Wave 2. It cannot heat or cool this campsite as shown.
Image: EcoFlow

After a year of testing, I can assure you that the Wave 2 will not cool or heat those spaces in any meaningful way as depicted. It certainly won’t raise or lower the temperature by 18 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees Celsius) in just five minutes, as EcoFlow claims.

I’ve tested the $799 Wave 2 to both heat and cool a shipping-container-sized surf shack, and to cool both a campervan and a tiny bedroom in an old Portuguese farmhouse. The fastest temperature change I’ve seen is an 8F (4.6C) drop in 30 minutes, well below EcoFlow’s claim. But it also kept a room at 72F (22C) or below on a day that reached 99F (37C) outside. Its worst performance resulted in no temperature change at all. 

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Notably, in some climates, a 400W solar panel could conceivably keep the $1,199 Wave 2 with battery add-on running continuously without ever needing to plug it into a wall socket. The Wave 2 is certainly innovative and a very capable device in some limited scenarios — but it’s not the little miracle EcoFlow makes it seem.

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EcoFlow’s Wave 2 is fitted with a compact compressor, condenser, and heat exchanger with air exhaust and intake pairs on both sides of the device that form two closed loops. The system works by moving heat from one loop to the other to either cool or heat the space you’re in. This ability to transfer heat instead of generating hot and cold air is what makes heat pumps so efficient. JerryRigEverything has a good Wave 2 teardown that also explains how everything works in more detail.

The Wave 2 is very small for an HVAC unit which is both a strength and a weakness. It measures just 20.4 x 11.7 x 13.2 inches (518 x 297 x 336mm) and weighs only 32 pounds (14.5kg). It’s rated for 1500W / 5100BTU hours of cooling capacity and 1800W / 6100BTU hours of heating capacity, yet only pulls about 200W to 450W in my testing. But anyone who’s ever purchased an air conditioner can tell you that 5100BTUs isn’t a lot of cooling capacity. 

Basic window-mounted A/Cs commonly sold in the US usually start at around 8000BTUs. They cost less than half the price of the Wave 2 but consume far more power over time. You can also buy a much less portable 14000BTU A/C and heater combo unit from Midea for $100 less than the Wave 2 if you can afford the extra space it requires. 

But only the Wave 2 can be fitted with an optional battery that adds 17.2 pounds (7.8kg) to the total weight and up to eight hours of untethered run time. Uniquely, that battery can be charged by an efficient 700W DC-to-DC connection from many of EcoFlow’s giant power stations. Or take advantage of the battery’s XT150 jack to charge it from just about any power station or DC-to-DC charger. It can also be charged from a standard AC wall jack (820W max), solar (11-60V / 13A, 400W max), or a vehicle’s cigarette lighter outlet (200W max).

Placement of the Wave 2 is limited by several factors, including the rather short AC power cord and the 55.1-inch (140-cm) long ducts that require five- and six-inch (12.7-cm and 15.2-cm) diameter openings in a window. You might also need a bucket within reach of the drainage hose to capture any accumulated condensation. 

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Had to put the Wave 2 on the bed of this 800 cubic foot surf shack to reach the only window that could be used for the external exhaust and intake ducts.

I used the Wave 2’s cardboard box and an old sarong for insulation. This large casement window is less than ideal for air flow.

Last year I tried using the Wave 2 to heat and cool a single-room surf shack measuring about 800 cubic feet. I wasn’t impressed as it failed to effectively regulate the temperature in both cases. I did, however, benefit from the warm or cool air blowing directly on me, especially when falling asleep, but it didn’t do enough to justify the price. 

Then I read the fine print. Ecoflow says the Wave 2 works best in spaces measuring less than 350 cubic feet (10 cubic meters), which is just big enough to fit a double bed and two side tables. Heating and cooling performance is roughly the same in such compact places — it’s a wee bit louder when cooling and uses slightly more power when heating. But the Wave 2 is not a heater for very cold winters. Instead, it’s designed to operate in temperatures between 41F and 122F (5C and 50C). And since EcoFlow says it’s “the industry’s most powerful and compact portable A/C,” I mainly tested its cooling abilities during a very hot summer. 

So, with my expectations reset, I’ve been using the Wave 2 for the last few weeks to cool down a small 500-cubic-foot bedroom and a 364-cubic-foot Sprinter van in central Portugal, where cloudless skies have regularly produced temperatures too extreme for my Scottish ancestry. 

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The Wave 2 barely fits on the floor in front of the Sprinter’s passenger seat. I cut a piece of foam for the window vents.

The Sprinter fully exposed to the sun to charge its rooftop solar panels proved too much for the Wave 2 to handle. The Wave 2 ducts can be seen above the passenger-side window.

Setting up the Wave 2 in the Sprinter requires more patience than in a home — but that’s true with everything in vanlife. After parking, I have to lug the unit out of the van’s storage to place it in front of the passenger seat. Then, I attach the battery, drain hose, and receptacle and carefully run the paper-thin ducting up and out through the window using a thick foam insert I created. I’ve got the whole thing down to under 10 minutes.

The excellent EcoFlow app works over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to keep track of your cooling from anywhere. In this case, it was blowing 2.3C (36F) air into the room, which had dropped to 18.1C (65F).

I tested the Wave 2’s cooling inside the van at night and in direct sunlight. For the sunlight test, I closed the doors and covered the inside of the windows with insulated and reflective covers. With the cooling set to maximum at the unit’s lowest possible temperature (16C / 61F), the inside of the van remained roughly the same as the outside, which ranged from 86F to a sweltering 99F (30C to 37C). That’s not bad considering the interior could have easily surpassed 120F (49F) without the Wave 2 running, but it’s still a fail in my book since higher capacity rooftop A/Cs (costing more than $2,000) from companies like Dometic and Coleman would have tamed that heat. 

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Of course, I suspected the Wave 2’s meager 5100BTU capacity would fail this test, but EcoFlow’s pitch to vanlifers is that the Wave 2 will “cool or warm, anywhere, anytime” which just isn’t true, especially for RVs — many of which are much larger than a class-B Sprinter van — that must park in the sun to recharge their leisure batteries off rooftop solar.

Cooling the Sprinter after the sun went down yielded much better results. On the warmest night of my testing when it was 72F to 77F (22C to 25C) outside, I was able to lower the internal temperature to about 66F (19C) and maintain it into the morning. The van got so cold that I needed a down-filled duvet at one point. That’s a major win, with one caveat.

The Wave 2’s optional 1159Wh battery only lasts about two and a half hours on max mode in my testing, or over eight in eco mode, its most energy-efficient setting. That wasn’t enough juice to keep the A/C running all night in a mix of max and eco cooling modes, so I had to plug the Wave 2 into the much larger solar generator I carry to power things like my van’s lighting, induction cooktop, and coffee maker. When I woke up, that bigger battery had drained to 10 percent, leaving me with precious little power to start my day.

The Wave 2 did a great job of cooling this tiny bedroom even as temperatures hit 99F (37C) outside.

The tiny window and two-foot-thick stone wall certainly helped the Wave 2’s operation.
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My final test was to cool a small room in a restored Portuguese farmhouse. Here the Wave 2 received an assist from the room’s one tiny window cut into a structure with two-foot thick stone walls. On yet another 99F (37C) day I managed to keep the room between 68F and 72F (20C to 22C) with the Wave 2 operating in a mix of low to medium settings, even as the temperature inside the house peaked at 83F (28C). Impressive.

Over the last year of on and (mostly) off operation I’ve noticed two problems with my review unit. First, the buttons on the physical control panel now only work intermittently, perhaps because they got squashed from all the moving around. It’s not really an issue, though, because I prefer to control the unit with the excellent EcoFlow app which works well over Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. 

Of greater concern is the very loud and irritating noise the Wave 2 sometimes produces. I think it’s related to the water pump as it sometimes happens when the water receptacle is full or the drain hose is looped in a way that reduces gravity’s help. The squeal is identical to the sound reported by several other users. EcoFlow tells me that there’s a known issue related to the water pump clogging due to debris or trapped air. Affected owners can request a replacement under warranty. 

  • When initially cooling a room on max setting the Wave 2 is a loud 53dB from a meter away, which drops to a reasonable 45dB in Eco mode — that’s consistent with the quietest of basic window A/Cs.
  • The Wave 2 can automatically evaporate condensation that develops during the heat exchange process, but only in environments with less than 70 percent humidity. 
  • The optional battery includes 100W USB-C and 18W USB-A charging ports for your gadgets.
  • IPX4 water resistance makes it okay for the Wave 2 (and IP65 battery) to get caught in the rain.
  • The top hose duct warms up considerably when exhausting heat outside the window (and thereby cooling the room). Good idea to wrap it in insulation for more permanent installations instead of bleeding that heat (or cold) back into the room.

The lightbar turns red for heat or blue for cool and can be turned off completely. Everything can be controlled from the panel on top of the device, but my buttons no longer work reliably.

The Wave 2 heat pump is a fairly niche but interesting product that works best to cool and heat small spaces located in temperate climates. It can even cool a small room in a very warm climate if the insulation is good enough. It’s also a good choice for vanlifers looking for some occasional DIY temperature control, especially at night and when traveling beyond the grid. But if you regularly need to heat or cool a living space larger than 350 cubic feet (10 cubic meters) in more extreme climates, you should consider more traditional cooling and heating options.

Still, as a budding vanlifer and off-grid adventurer, I’m excited by the future of battery-powered heat pumps. The Wave 2 already improved upon the original EcoFlow Wave, and EcoFlow tells me that a third generation is coming in 2025.

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All photography by Thomas Ricker / The Verge

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FCC router rule raises questions about future updates

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FCC router rule raises questions about future updates

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A new move from the Federal Communications Commission is being framed as a national security step. But if you already have a router at home, the bigger question is simple: how long will it keep getting security updates?

The FCC recently updated its “Covered List” to include routers produced in foreign countries, which blocks new models of that covered equipment from being approved for sale in the U.S.

At the same time, the FCC made something else clear. This change does not affect routers you already own, and it does not stop retailers from continuing to sell models that were previously approved.

So nothing shuts off overnight. However, the policy introduces a new layer of uncertainty around how long some devices will continue receiving updates.

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IS YOUR HOME WI-FI REALLY SAFE? THINK AGAIN

The FCC’s router move targets future approvals, not the device already running your home Wi-Fi. Existing models can still be used and sold while update rules keep evolving. (kazakova0684/Getty Images)

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What the FCC router rule actually changed

The policy focuses on future device approvals, not the devices already in your home.

Here is what the FCC says in plain terms:

  • Existing routers can still be used
  • Previously approved models can still be sold and imported
  • New covered models cannot receive FCC authorization

This action is tied to national security concerns about supply chain risks, not a product-by-product security test of individual routers. The key takeaway is this: your current router is not banned, recalled or disabled.

Why the FCC router rule raises update concerns

The real issue is not about using your router today. It is about future software and firmware updates. Alongside the policy change, the FCC issued a temporary waiver. That waiver allows existing routers to continue receiving updates that patch vulnerabilities, maintain functionality and ensure compatibility with operating systems. Right now, that waiver runs through at least March 1, 2027.

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That date is not a guaranteed cutoff. The FCC has said it will re-evaluate the policy before then and may extend or modify the waiver. So the situation is still evolving.

How the FCC router rule could affect your router security

Your router is the gateway to everything connected in your home. Phones, laptops, smart TVs and cameras all depend on it. When a vulnerability is discovered, a software update is usually what fixes it.

If updates slow down or stop, the risk builds over time. That does not mean your router suddenly becomes unsafe. But it can become easier for attackers to exploit known flaws.

Even the FCC acknowledged this in its waiver, noting that continued updates help mitigate harm to consumers and support essential security functions. So the concern is not immediate. It is about what happens over time if support policies change.

BROWSER EXTENSIONS PUT MILLIONS OF GOOGLE CHROME USERS AT RISK

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The FCC says home routers already in use can stay in use, but future support for some models now depends on waivers and conditional approvals. (deepblue4you/Getty Images)

Why the FCC is making exceptions for some routers

One important wrinkle is that the FCC has already begun granting conditional approvals for some devices. In April 2026, the agency approved certain products from NETGEAR and Adtran to continue operating under specific conditions through October 1, 2027.

That shows this is not a one-size-fits-all rule. Instead, it is an evolving policy where some devices may continue receiving support while others may face tighter restrictions.

What the FCC says about router risks and next steps

The FCC says the decision is based on national security concerns, including supply chain vulnerabilities and potential cybersecurity risks tied to certain foreign-produced equipment.

At the same time, the policy includes a path for exceptions. Companies can seek conditional approvals through federal agencies, and regulators can revisit the rules as more information becomes available.

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That means the final impact will likely depend on how those decisions play out over time.

8 ways to protect your network after the FCC router rule

Until there is more clarity, a few simple steps can help keep your home network secure.

1) Check how long your router is supported

First, find your router’s exact model number. You can usually see it on a label on the bottom or back of the device. Next, go to the manufacturer’s website, such as NETGEAR, Linksys or TP-Link, and search for that model. Open its support page and look for sections like Support, Downloads, Firmware or End of Life. Then, check for a support timeline, the date of the most recent firmware update or any notes saying the product is no longer supported. If you cannot find clear information, that is a warning sign that your router may not receive regular security updates. 

2) Keep your router updated

Next, log into your router settings. To do this, open a web browser and type your router’s IP address into the address bar. Common ones include 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1. Then sign in using your admin username and password. Once you are in, look for sections labeled Firmware, Software Update or Administration. Check for available updates and install them if needed. If your router supports automatic updates, turn that on. This helps close security gaps quickly without you having to check manually. If you are not sure where to find these settings, you can also use your router’s mobile app if it has one, which often makes updates easier.

GET FASTER WI-FI WITH THESE SIMPLE HOME FIXES

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Security updates remain the key protection for home routers as the FCC blocks new authorizations for covered foreign-produced models. (Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)

3) Plan ahead for replacement

If your router is already a few years old, start planning for a replacement. Do not wait until updates stop. Instead, look for models with clearly stated support timelines. Check out our picks for the Top Routers for best security at cyberguy.com 

4) Secure your devices as a backup layer

Your router is the first line of defense. However, your devices matter too. Keep your phone, computer and tablet updated. Also, use strong antivirus software to help catch threats that slip through. Get my picks for the best 2026 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android & iOS devices at Cyberguy.com

5) Review connected devices

From time to time, check what is connected to your network. You can do this in your router settings under “Connected Devices” or in your router’s app. If you see anything unfamiliar, remove it right away.

6) Use strong passwords

Create a strong Wi-Fi password and a separate admin password for your router. Avoid using default credentials. A password manager can help you generate and store secure logins. Check out the best expert-reviewed password managers of 2026 at Cyberguy.com

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7) Turn off remote access

First, log into your router settings using a web browser. Type your router’s IP address, such as 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1, into the address bar and sign in with your admin credentials. Next, look for settings labeled Remote Access, Remote Management, Web Access from WAN, or Cloud Access. These are often found under sections like Advanced, Administration or Security. Then, turn that setting off and save your changes. This prevents your router from being accessed from outside your home network. If you cannot find the option, check your router’s mobile app or the manufacturer’s support page. Some routers hide this setting or disable it by default.

8) Restart your router regularly

First, unplug your router from the power outlet. Wait about 30 seconds to let it fully shut down. Next, plug it back in and wait a few minutes for it to reconnect to the internet. You can also restart your router through its settings. Log in, then look for options like Reboot or Restart under sections such as Administration or System. Doing this every few weeks can help apply updates and clear temporary issues that may affect performance or security. If your router supports scheduled reboots, you can turn that on to automate the process.

Kurt’s key takeaway

This is not a situation where your internet suddenly becomes unsafe. There is no recall. There is no shutdown. Your router will not stop working on a specific date. However, there is a new question mark that did not exist before. The Federal Communications Commission has created a system where future updates for some devices could depend on how the rules evolve. That puts more importance on something most people rarely think about: how long their router will stay supported. For now, you still have time. The current waiver runs into 2027, and regulators have signaled they may revisit the policy before then. The smart move is simple. Know what you own, keep it updated and stay aware as this situation develops.

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As policies around your home tech change, how much responsibility should fall on regulators versus the companies that keep your devices updated? Let us know by writing to us at Cyberguy.com

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US arrests soldier who allegedly made $400k on Maduro Polymarket bets

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US arrests soldier who allegedly made 0k on Maduro Polymarket bets

On or about January 6, 2026, for example, VAN DYKE asked Polymarket to delete his Polymarket account, falsely claiming that he had lost access to the email address to which the account had been associated. That same day, VAN DYKE changed the email registered to his cryptocurrency exchange account to an email address that was not subscribed to in his name, which email address was created on or about December 14., 2025.

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How Florida retiree lost $200K in fake PayPal refund scam

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How Florida retiree lost 0K in fake PayPal refund scam

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Brian Oliver is retired, sharp and financially savvy enough to have a stock-and-bond portfolio worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. He is not the type of person you picture getting scammed. That is exactly why scammers picked him.

What happened to Oliver, 85, is the kind of story that makes your jaw drop, and your stomach turn at the same time. It started with a routine-looking email and ended with a box of gold coins rolling away in the back of a black Mustang. In between, Oliver lost $200,000 and nearly half of his retirement savings.

He told his story on my Beyond Connected podcast at getbeyondconnected.com, along with Detective Justin Torres of the Gainesville Police Department in Florida. What they shared together is equal parts chilling and clarifying.

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BEWARE FAKE CREDIT CARD ACCOUNT RESTRICTION SCAMS

Brian Oliver shares how a routine-looking email pulled him into a sophisticated refund scam that cost him $200,000. (Sebastian Gollnow/picture alliance)

It all started with a PayPal refund scam email

Brian got an email that said PayPal owed him money. It was not a wild claim. He had dealt with PayPal before and figured, “Maybe they found some money for me.” So he responded. The email included a phone number, and that number connected him to a man who called himself Andrew Johnson.

“Yeah, we have $450 for you. Type in the number 100 on your computer and we’ll get it started.”

Brian typed 100. Andrew immediately said he had made a mistake: “Oh no, you put in 10,000.”

Brian pushed back. He said he did not type 10,000. Andrew told him to check his Bank of America account. Brian opened it, and there it was: $10,000 sitting in his checking account.

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Except it was not real. The scammers had somehow mirrored his bank’s website. What Brian saw looked exactly like his actual Bank of America page, complete with a new balance and a phone number embedded in the “Contact Us” section. That number was fake, too.

Brian called it. A man named Josh answered, identifying himself as a Bank of America representative. He told Brian that the only way to return the money without triggering a $3,500 tax penalty was to withdraw $10,000 in cash and feed it into a crypto ATM.

How the PayPal refund scam tricked Brian

Oliver had never heard of a crypto ATM before that day. Josh helpfully told him exactly where to find one. It was in a sketchy part of town, and Oliver walked in carrying $10,000 in his pocket.

“I’m on my knees, on a cement floor, and I’m 85,” Oliver said.

He fed one hundred $100 bills into the machine, bill by bill, watching over his shoulder the entire time. Some bills got kicked back out. He fed them in again. When the machine finally accepted all of them, he photographed the receipt and sent it to Andrew Johnson, just as he had been instructed.

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Then Oliver went home and told Andrew it was done. Andrew told him they still had to take care of his refund. He told Oliver to type in the number 200.

FAKE PAYPAL EMAIL LET HACKERS ACCESS COMPUTER AND BANK ACCOUNT

Oliver typed it. Andrew’s response came fast: “Oh my God, my boss is going to kill me. It’s $200,000 we’ve transferred to your account.”

This type of scam is becoming more common, and it often involves criminals impersonating trusted platforms like PayPal.

“PayPal does not tolerate fraudulent activity, and we work hard to protect our customers from evolving phishing scams,” a spokesperson for PayPal told CyberGuy. “We always encourage consumers to learn how to spot the warning signs of common fraud, including our tips on the PayPal Newsroom for identifying phishing emails that attempt to impersonate trusted brands. We further recommend contacting Customer Support for assistance through official channels such as the PayPal app and our Contact Us webpage, and never responding to suspicious, unexpected emails.”

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How the scam escalated to $200,000 in gold

Oliver opened his bank account again. The fake mirrored site showed $200,000 sitting there. Josh Wilson was back on the phone with a new plan. This time, the crypto ATM would not work because the amount was too large. Oliver needed to liquidate $200,000 from his stock and bond portfolio, convert it to cash and use it to buy gold coins.

Oliver protested. He told them to just reverse the transfer. They said it was impossible.

“This is my retirement money. 50% of my retirement money,” he said.

The scammers told him not to breathe a word to anyone. Josh specifically warned him that telling his broker the truth could trigger tax problems. So Oliver called his broker and said he had his eye on a piece of real estate he wanted to flip. The broker processed the sale without question.

YOUTUBE JOB SCAM TEXT: HOW TO SPOT IT FAST

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Oliver went to a gold coin store, wrote a check for $198,560 and waited two to three days for it to clear. Andrew Johnson stayed in regular contact the entire time.

When the gold was ready, Johnson gave Oliver one final instruction. A courier would come to his door to pick up the box. Before handing it over, Oliver should ask the courier for a password. The password was “blue.”

The courier arrived. He was driving a black Mustang. He said the word blue. Oliver handed over the box.

“He told me the password,” Oliver said. “I handed the box, and off went my $200,000.”

The moment Brian Oliver realized it was all a scam

The day after the courier left, Andrew Johnson called back with urgency. He told Brian Oliver another $200,000 had landed in his account, and they needed to do the whole thing over again. That was the moment it broke.

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“That’s when I came out from under the ether of this scam,” Oliver said. “And I said, this cannot be right.”

He immediately called the Gainesville Police Department.

The high-stakes sting that brought down a scam courier

Detective Justin Torres of the Gainesville Police Department took the call and started working the case immediately. The scammers had asked Oliver for photos of the gold and the purchase receipt, which gave law enforcement about a day and a half to set up an operation before the courier was scheduled to return.

Detective Torres pulled in four officers from the department’s Gun Violence Initiative unit, a team of intermediate detectives trained for exactly this kind of boots-on-ground work. They set up covert and marked vehicles around Oliver’s residence at a careful distance.

“It was pretty high intensity because I’m listening to Mr. Oliver’s conversation with Andrew,” Torres said. “And I’m also trying to be a good distance away to listen to my radio and be able to broadcast what I need to to the other officers on the outside.”

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The scammers were suspicious. They kept pushing Oliver to be more compliant. Oliver pushed back. The goal was to keep them on the line long enough for the courier to show up. The courier, a man named Seth Wayne, drove in from Tampa. The officers waited. When he arrived, they arrested him. The case went to trial. Seth Wayne received an 18-year prison sentence.

A federal jury has since convicted a second courier in the same scheme. Atharva Shailesh Sathawane, 22, an undocumented immigrant from India, was found guilty of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and money laundering, with Brian Oliver among his victims.

Sathawane was arrested after the Gainesville Police Department set up a second sting operation at Brian’s home. Court documents showed Sathawane was involved in more than 30 transactions across multiple states, contributing to nearly $8 million stolen from elderly victims. He faces up to 20 years on each count, with sentencing scheduled for Dec. 16 in Gainesville, though he is appealing his conviction.

How refund scams are hitting multiple victims

The scam began with a convincing message and quickly escalated as criminals guided Brian Oliver step by step through fake account activity. (Halfpoint/iStock/Getty Images)

Ten other victims testified at Seth Wayne’s trial. They had come from all over the state of Florida, and their stories made Oliver furious.

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Some had received fake arrest warrants, official-looking documents claiming their identities had been tied to gun running. They were told the only way to clear their names was to pull their savings and buy gold, which would be placed in a special locker in Washington, D.C., until their names were cleared.

One victim lost $1.8 million. Another lost $4.9 million. A third woman lost over $1 million across two separate pickups by the same courier. Her husband was in hospice care in Florida while all of this was happening. She drained her entire life savings, sold her condo and had to move in with her daughter and son-in-law in Alabama, leaving her dying husband behind.

Where the money from refund scams actually goes

Once the gold or cash leaves a victim’s hands, recovery is nearly impossible. Most of Seth Wayne’s deliveries went to parking lots at McDonald’s or shopping centers, where he handed the money directly to a controller. One pickup went to a jewelry store, where an employee came outside to collect it. That connection is still under active investigation by the IRS and FBI.

The call centers running these operations are overseas. Higher-level couriers in the United States are still being investigated. The full network is, as Detective Torres put it, “very intricate” and “very complicated.”

Seth Wayne himself was a mid-to-upper-level courier. He was also paying other couriers and compensating his handler. When investigators downloaded his cell phone after a judge-approved search warrant, they found evidence that he had researched exactly what he was doing before deciding the money was worth the risk.

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SCAMS THAT AREN’T ILLEGAL (BUT SHOULD BE)

The defense of “willful blindness,” the idea that a courier can claim ignorance and escape responsibility, no longer holds up in Florida courts. Seth Wayne found that out the hard way.

For a deeper look at what Oliver went through, you can hear the full story on my Beyond Connected podcast at getbeyondconeccted.com.

How to stay safe from refund scams

Detective Torres laid out the most important red flags clearly, and Oliver added a few from painful personal experience. Here is what both of them want you to know.

1) Hang up on urgency

Scammers manufacture pressure because it works. If someone on the phone is telling you that you must act right now, that is not a real emergency. That is a tactic. Torres put it directly: “They want to make you believe that you have to do all this right now.”

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2) Never call the number they give you

If someone calls claiming to be from PayPal, your bank or a law enforcement agency, hang up and find the real number yourself. The number embedded in Oliver’s fake bank website looked completely legitimate. It was not.

3) Pause for ten seconds

Literally ten seconds. Detective Torres confirmed what many security experts say: “If you pause these scams for just 10 seconds, many of them will just fall apart.” A scammer who is pushed back even slightly will often overreact, and that reaction will feel wrong.

4) Isolation is the biggest red flag

The moment someone on the phone tells you not to tell a family member, friend or neighbor what is happening, stop. That instruction exists for one reason: to prevent you from getting help before they get your money. “Once you start hearing that isolation conversation, that is the biggest red flag,” Torres said. “You need to hang up the phone.”

5) Gold is always a scam signal

Oliver made this one simple: “If you’re told to go buy gold, the only reason they tell you to buy gold is because it can never be traced. It’s a scam.” No legitimate company, government agency or financial institution will ever ask you to buy gold coins and hand them to a stranger.

6) The courier at your door means stop

If you have already bought gold and someone is coming to your home to pick it up in a box, Oliver’s advice is direct: “Stop right there. It’s a scam.”

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7) Never move money to fix a ‘mistake’

If someone claims they accidentally sent you money and asks you to return it, stop right there. Real companies fix errors on their own systems. They will not ask you to withdraw cash, buy crypto or purchase gold to correct a transaction.

8) Verify your account on your own device

If you need to check your bank account, use your official banking app or type the website yourself. Do not trust links, screens or phone numbers provided during a call. In many cases, scammers create fake sites that look identical to the real thing.

9) Be wary of step-by-step instructions

Scammers often stay on the phone and guide you through every move. That level of control should raise concern. Legitimate companies do not walk you through withdrawing cash, using crypto ATMs or buying gold to solve a problem.

10) Bring in a second person

Before moving a large amount of money, pause and call someone you trust. A quick conversation with a family member or friend can shift your perspective. In many cases, that outside voice is enough to stop a scam in progress.

11) Limit how much of your information is online

Scammers build convincing stories using real details they find online. This can include your phone number, home address or financial history. To reduce that risk, consider removing your information from data broker and people-search sites. While you can do this manually, it often takes time, which is why some people use a data removal service such as Incogni to help automate the process and keep their information from resurfacing.

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Scammers often operate behind the scenes, using technology and social engineering to manipulate victims into handing over cash or valuables. (Paul Chinn/The San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images)

Kurt’s key takeaways

Brian Oliver lost $200,000, leaving him with only half of his retirement savings. Today, he says he is slowly sinking toward bankruptcy, and the odds of getting that money back are slim. Even so, he chose to go public so others could hear his story before it happens to them. What makes this case different is that it led to real consequences. Detective Torres and his team moved quickly and set up a sting operation. As a result, they arrested a courier who later received an 18-year prison sentence. Meanwhile, the IRS and FBI are still investigating the larger network. However, this kind of outcome is rare. In most cases, victims lose everything and never see justice. These scams are complex, often run from overseas, and are designed to move money fast. Because of that, law enforcement usually focuses on the people closest to the victim and works backward. In the end, Oliver’s turning point came during a second demand for money. At that moment, something felt off, so he paused. Then he said, “This cannot be right.” That instinct matters. In many cases, that brief pause is enough to break the scam.

If you were in Oliver’s position, at what exact moment do you think you would have stopped, and what would it have taken for you to make that call? Let us know by writing to us at Cyberguy.com.

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