Texas
Fewer Texans sentenced to death, executed amid “evolving standards of decency”
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In 1982, Texas was the first in the world to execute an inmate by lethal injection, its first execution since the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. Quickly, the state became the United States’ top executioner and is among the top three in imposing death sentences.
At the turn of the century in 2000, the population on Texas’ death row reached a record high of 459 inmates and officials carried out 40 executions, the most in a single year. Decades later, the state’s interest in capital punishment appears to have cooled, according to available data, influenced by cultural shifts, legal updates and what some experts have called “evolving standards of decency.”
In 2022, the death row population dropped to under 200 inmates for the first time in almost three decades, and by the start of 2025, there were 174 people on Texas’ death row. Still, Texas has executed more people than the next four states combined since 1982, a trend largely upheld by a few urban counties — the top three of which are responsible for more than 40% of the state’s executions.
“The death penalty is no longer an American story, it’s really a local story,” said Robin Maher, executive director of the Death Penalty Information Center. “It’s about which local jurisdictions are using it, and those decisions that are being made by their local elected officials.”
Five men were executed by Texas in 2024, the sixth year in a row in which there were less than 10 executions. A little more than half of those sentenced to death in Texas — almost 600 of more than 1,100 inmates — have been executed since 1977. Since 2020, almost as many people on death row in the state have had their sentences reduced or convictions overturned as those executed, with 24 executions and 22 sentence reductions, most due to intellectual disability. Nine men also have died on death row before their execution date since 2020.
The slowdown in death sentences isn’t something that can be attributed to one thing but rather a buildup of legal and social factors, said Kristin Houlé Cuellar, executive director of the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, a grassroots advocacy group whose focus is on death penalty education and abolition.
One of the most significant reasons for the decline was the state adopted life sentences without parole as an option to capital punishment in 2005. Texas was the last state with the death penalty to do so, according to the coalition’s 2024 report.
“That has given prosecutors and juries more discretion in terms of how they handle capital cases,” Houlé Cuellar said. “So what we’ve seen is that in the vast majority — and by vast majority, I would say 99-point-something-percent of capital cases — prosecutors in Texas are not pursuing the death penalty as a sentencing option.”
The financial costs of a death sentence to counties is also a factor prosecutors, specifically in rural counties, must consider when seeking the death penalty.
After the capital murder trials of three men who dragged James Byrd Jr., a Black man, for 3 miles and left his body outside an African American church in 1998, Jasper County was forced to raise its property taxes by more than 8% because of the cost to the county — $1.1 million of its $10 million budget. Two of the three men, who were self-admitted white supremacists, were executed, one in 2011 and the other in 2019, and the case led to new state and federal hate crime laws. The third man is serving a life sentence.
The moment a district attorney chooses to seek the death penalty on a capital murder charge, the cost increases as those trials often require a more expensive jury selection process, expert witnesses from out of state and a separate trial to determine if execution is warranted. Those costs are incurred by the counties, but long periods of incarceration on death row and yearslong appeals processes are costs the state pays.
“All of this adds up to a very expensive system, and that meter starts running the minute the district attorney decides that [they’re] going to seek the death penalty,” Houlé Cuellar said.
Other significant developments adding to the decline of death penalty convictions occurred in 2017 and 2019 when U.S. Supreme Court rulings originating from Harris County mandated that the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals update its standards on disqualifying death sentences based on intellectual disability. Executions of those with intellectual disabilities are considered cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, and 18 people have been removed from death row since 2017 based on evidence of intellectual disability.
Despite the decades-long decrease, 2024 had the highest number of new sentences in five years, with six people receiving the death penalty, three alone out of Tarrant County — its first since 2019. Houlé Cuellar said all three trials falling in 2024 is somewhat unintentional because the charges were brought across a three-year period, but the fact the death penalty was pursued at all speaks to a mindset some prosecutors have.
“I think the fact that all three trials happen this year is somewhat random, but the decision to seek the death penalty was very deliberate and reflects a very … aggressive use of the death penalty out of a county that really seems to be going in the opposite direction from the rest of the state,” Houlé Cuellar said.
Tarrant County District Attorney Phil Sorrells said in a statement to the Texas Tribune that choosing to levy the death penalty against anyone is “never an easy decision,” but clarified the juries in all three cases in 2024 agreed with the sentencing.
“We don’t often ask for the death penalty,” Sorrells said in the statement. “But in 2024, we asked juries three times to convict capital murderers and give them the death penalty. Three times they agreed.”
Dallas and Harris counties lead in the number of death sentences handed down, but Tarrant County’s three cases in 2024 placed it ahead of Bexar County for third highest in the state. The four counties together represent more than half of all executions in the state, as Harris remained the top county in the U.S. for executions with 135 since 1977, two of which were in 2024.
Public opinion on the death penalty has also split between older and younger Americans. National support for the sentence has dwindled to its lowest since 1972, having dropped more than 10% since 2000, according to an October Gallup poll. And while 53% of U.S. adults overall were in favor of the death penalty in 2024, less than half of Gen Z and Millennial adults supported the sentence.
“As the death penalty has been used less in terms of new death sentences and executions have become fewer, the death penalty is really fading from the minds of many voters to the point that some may conclude it’s simply not necessary,” Maher said.
Ten executions are currently scheduled nationally for 2025, four of which are in Texas. Those four scheduled do not include Robert Roberson, whose execution has not yet been rescheduled after it was temporarily blocked by the Texas Supreme Court in October. Roberson’s case has received national attention because of the contention around his innocence and a bipartisan effort within a Texas House of Representatives committee to halt his execution.
Steven Lawayne Nelson, who was convicted of suffocating a pastor with a plastic bag and assaulting a woman during a church robbery in Arlington, is scheduled to be Texas’ first execution in 2025 on Feb. 5.

Texas
Unpacking Future Packers: No. 29, Texas DT Alfred Collins

The Unpacking Future Packers Countdown is a countdown of 100 prospects who the Green Bay Packers could select in the 2025 NFL draft.
The Green Bay Packers’ run defense took a step forward under first-year defensive coordinator Jeff Hafley. This past season they gave up four yards per carry and 1,689 yards, which ranked seventh in the league.
If the Packers want to continue to shut things down between the tackles, a player they could target in the 2025 NFL Draft is Alfred Collins. The Texas defensive tackle checks in at No. 29 in the Unpacking Future Packers Countdown.
A native of Texas, Collins recorded two tackles for loss, one sack, one interception and knocked down three passes during his first season on campus. In 2021, Collins recorded five tackles for loss and two sacks. The following season he recorded three tackles for loss and one sack. In 2023, Collins recorded two sacks.
This past season, Collins recorded a career high of 55 tackles and six tackles for loss. The Texas defensive tackle also recorded one sack and knocked down seven passes.
“Collins was the anchor of one of the nation’s best run defense just one year after losing two defensive tackles to the NFL draft,” Evan Vieth, a writer for Inside Texas, said. “He led a five-deep defensive tackle group in snaps and was a huge body in both the A and B gaps. I’d argue he was the second most impactful on the defense because of his ability to stuff the run on a team that prioritized pass rushers in the front seven and ball-playing defensive backs on the back end.”
Collins is a well-put-together interior defensive lineman. He checked in at the combine at 6-6, 332 pounds, with over 34-inch arms. He’s a tank in the middle of the line and is able to shut down running lanes.
He has a lot of power flowing through those long arms. The former five-star recruit uses his length to help him out-leverage at the point of attack. He’s able to discard blockers with his bully strength and strong hands. With his massive frame, he’s able to bear down against double teams. The Texas defensive tackle has the lateral quickness and nimble feet to slither into gaps and stop run plays before they can get started. He has the range to make plays tackle-to-tackle. According to Pro Football Focus, he recorded 27 run stops this past season. A team will draft him for his ability to two-gap and keep linebackers clean.
“Collins is a giant player in the box but it doesn’t look like it you turn on the tape,” Vieth said. “It’s because a lot of his weight is pure muscle, so he is lean enough to slither through block sheds and has the foot speed to move laterally. He’s a smart kid of course, but his strength and foot speed are pretty absurd. It’s why he was a five-star recruit.”
Collin has a surprisingly quick first step and charges upfield with power. With his strength, he can walk offensive lineman back into the quarterback’s lap. When he is unable to get home, he has a knack for getting his long arms up to muddy up passing lanes (nine pass deflections over the past two seasons). He recorded 18 pressures this past season and 23 in 2023.
“If there’s one passing down strength, he has it’s getting his arms in the way of passes and batting them down, or obscuring the quarterback’s vision,” Vieth said. “He can bull rush, but so can any 330-pound NFL defensive tackles.”
Fit with the Packers
The Packers need to replace TJ Slaton and with his size and ability to clog up running lanes, Collins could be an ideal target.
Collins has a powerful, NFL-ready frame. His trump card is his ability to two-gap and keep linebackers like Edgerrin Cooper and Quay Walker clean.
“I wouldn’t draft him if my No. 1 need was a pass rusher, but he is the kind of player that plays into three contracts in the NFL,” Vieth said. “Sturdy, athletic and smart are the three words that come to mind. The NFL is slowly evolving back into the running game as a counter to lighter boxes, so having a two-down defensive tackle who can single-handedly blow up plays is becoming more and more valuable.”
Drafting a player like Collins may not have fans running to the Packers Pro Shop to buy his jersey this summer, but when the calendar flips to November, he’d quickly become a fan favorite for his ability to do the dirty work in the trenches and shut down running lanes.
Collins is a plug-and-play two-down defender early in his career. Anything he offers as an interior pass rusher would be gravy. With his ability to muddy things up against the run, Collins could have a place in Green Bay’s interior rotation.
Texas
The Texas business boom

Texas has seen an economic boom over the past few years with gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates significantly outpacing the U.S. average, while a string of major corporations have announced they are moving their corporate headquarters to, or investing heavily in, the Lone Star State.
Speaking to Newsweek, several experts on the Texan economy or politics attributed this primarily to low taxation and business-friendly regulations. However, two warned there could be a future clash between corporate interests and the social conservatism of Texas Republicans who control both chambers of the state legislature as well as the governor’s office.
Business Investment
On February 18, KFC, the fast-food giant formerly known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, became the latest company to announce they are moving their headquarters from Louisville, Kentucky, to Texas choosing Plano, a city on the northern outskirts of Dallas. Speaking to Newsweek, David Gibbs, chief executive officer of KFC’s parent company Yum! Brands, said the move would “position us for sustainable growth” and “help us better serve our customers, employees, franchisees and shareholders.”
Earlier in February, real estate listing website Realtor.com announced it was transferring its corporate headquarters from Santa Clara, California, to Austin, with the company telling Newsweek the city would become “its top hiring location.”
In July 2024, billionaire Elon Musk announced he was moving the headquarters of X, formerly Twitter, and SpaceX to Texas in response to California Governor Gavin Newsom approving a move that stopped teachers being required to inform parents if their children change their gender identity.
In an X post, Musk wrote: “This is the final straw. Because of this law and many others that preceded it, attacking both families and companies, SpaceX will now move its HQ from Hawthorne, California to Starbase, Texas.”
Musk is now a close ally to President Donald Trump and heads up the recently formed Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).
Financial services company Charles Schwab Corp. was based in San Francisco until 2021 when it shifted its headquarters to Westlake, Texas. In August 2024, oil giant Chevron announced it was moving its headquarters from San Ramon, California, to Houston.
Earlier this month, Apple announced it will build a new 250,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Houston to support its “personal intelligence system” as part of a wider $500 billion investment across the U.S.
Texas’ plentiful land and relatively cheap energy have also made it a favored location for the large data centers used to power artificial intelligence (AI). In January, Trump announced Stargate, a combined $500 billion venture involving OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank, which will be centered around the Lone Star State.
Texas Predicted to Be Biggest U.S. State by 2045
According to figures from the Texas Comptroller’s Office in 2024, the Texan economy grew by 4.8 percent, double the 2.4 percent that Commerce Department data shows was achieved by the nation as a whole.
U.S. Census Bureau figures show that between July 2023 and July 2024 the population of Texas rose by 562,941, with new residents attracted by the availability of work and low taxation. This gave Texas an annualized growth rate of 1.8 percent, the third highest in the U.S. behind Florida and the District of Columbia.
A report released by Realtor.com in February concluded that in 2045 Texas’ population will have surged by 35 percent to 42 million, up from the current 31 million, and would replace California as the most populous state.
Photo-illustration by Newsweek/Getty
Taxation and Regulations
Texas is just one of nine states across the U.S. that doesn’t charge any income tax on individuals or companies below a certain revenue ceiling, while its business tax rate is low and falls to zero for companies below a certain threshold.
According to a 2024 study published by Realtor.com, Texas accounted for 15 percent of new housing permits issued across the U.S., despite only making up 9 percent of its population, helping to keep prices and rents relatively cheap despite the rapid inflow of people.
Professor Benjamin Powell, an economist who teaches at Texas Tech University, attributed the state’s thriving economy to a comparatively low cost-of-living, low taxes and less stringent regulation.
“Companies are fleeing high tax, high regulation, high cost states like California, New York, and Illinois,” he told Newsweek. “They are attracted to Texas because we have lower taxes and regulation, and their workers face a lower cost-of-living here than in those other states.”
Professor Jon Taylor, a state politics expert who teaches at the University of Texas at San Antonio, agreed with this assessment, telling Newsweek: “The governor regularly preaches that corporations are relocating or building new capacity would tell you that it’s because of the so-called ‘The Texas Miracle,’ which drives perceptions that we’re a business-friendly state. He’s not wrong about the business-friendly part. We are.”
He continued: “We can rattle off the usual bullet points about a strong economy with no state income tax, relatively minimal business regulations (particularly for limited liability companies), a burgeoning talent pool created a number of world class research universities, and a leader in energy, space exploration, artificial intelligence, and tech manufacturing. Those bullet points have convinced a number of large corporations to relocate or develop facilities in Texas during the past decade or more.”
Joshua Blank, who heads the Texas Politics Project at the University of Texas at Austin, told Newsweek: “Texas politicians are pretty consistent, and aggressive about branding Texas as a pro-business state. And after over 20 years of Republican control, the rhetoric’s been followed with years of legislative and executive actions that are directly intended to be friendly to business.”
In a statement provided to Newsweek, Andrew Mahaleris, Texas Governor Greg Abbott’s press secretary, said: “Companies keep moving here because in Texas, we move at the speed of business by cutting red tape and protecting industry from harsh job-killing restrictions and unnecessary regulations that can burden innovators elsewhere.
“Texas is the 8th largest economy in the world and the economic engine of the nation, leading all states for jobs added over the last 12 months(…)
“Texas remains number one because people and businesses are choosing our state over any other for the unmatched competitive advantages we offer: no corporate or personal income taxes, a predictable regulatory climate, and a young, skilled, diverse and growing workforce.”
Political Concerns
Taylor warned of a potential upcoming clash between the values of companies moving to Texas for business reasons and the state’s social conservatism.
Referring to states making the move, he said: “Question is whether they’re comfortable moving to Texas and investing long-term given issues such as the state’s draconian reproductive choice laws, limits on voting accessibility, dismantling diversity, equity, and inclusion policies, attacks on environmental, social, and governance standards, and harsh immigration policies.”
This question was also raised by Blank, though he was more optimistic on the outcome.
“As more companies, and especially more high-tech companies, move to Texas, it does raise the question of whether Texas’ conservative politics will clash with a potentially less conservative workforce,” he said. “So far, Texas’ politics hasn’t led companies to reconsider their decisions, and it doesn’t seem likely to in the future.”
Powell said that many of those moving to Texas actually share the state’s dominant values.
“Some Texans worry that these interstate migrants will bring their liberal values and politics with them to Texas, but the opposite seems to be the case,” he said. “The Californians leaving for Texas often share more political values with Texans than they do with other Californians.”
Texas
Hundreds of animals rescued from Ohio fur farm find new homes in Texas

HOUSTON – Hundreds of animals rescued from a fur and urine farm in Ohio are now finding new homes in Texas, with more on the way. Bears Etc. in Huntsville has already moved nearly 30 animals to a rescue near San Antonio.
Kati Krouse, founder of Bears Etc., is now busy preparing for the arrivals of foxes at her rescue.
“These holes will support a new home for four foxes rescued from a fur and urine farm near Cleveland, Ohio,” Krouse said.
Krouse made a trip up to Ohio earlier this year to transport animals back to Texas. She plans to make a trip in the coming weeks to re-locate more animals.
The fur farm’s owner passed away in December 2024, worsening an already dire situation, according to Humane World for Animals.
The organization reports foxes, raccoons, wolf-dog hybrids, skunks, opossums, and coyotes were living in filthy wire-bottom cages with little to no protection. Some animals were missing toes, ears, tails, and limbs, while many were emaciated and severely dehydrated. Responders found some animals dead and covered in snow, and one coyote was found dying, caught in a leghold trap.
In total, 410 animals were rescued, more than 300 are still alive, according to Kelly Donithan of Humane World for Animals.
“We obviously had to make some humane decisions for animals on site. There were quite a few suffering deeply,” Donithan said.
Krouse described the conditions as one of the most horrifying things she has ever seen in her 30 years of rescue work.
“There are no words that can describe the hell that these animals were living in. They lived their entire lives in cages meant for rabbits,” she said, visibly emotional.
A volunteer from Bears Etc., a U.S. veteran, also expressed his shock at the conditions.
“Having served many years overseas in the Middle East, not a lot is shocking to me. But to see the condition those animals were subjected to was on the higher side of the shocking scale,” he said.
Animals at the farm were raised and slaughtered for fur, sold as exotic pets, and used for urine farming. Krouse criticized the practices, stating, “Even though it says it’s humanely collected, USDA standards are not enough for most animals.”
There are no federal regulations for animal welfare on fur farms, and this particular farm was licensed by Ohio’s Department of Natural Resources despite past fines. Ohio lacks laws for fur farms, unlike New York, which has passed legislation to protect animals.
When asked if anyone would face charges in this case, Donithan responded, “No. While he was a pretty lone operator, he did have one employee who worked under his authority. We are hoping to see some regulation change.”
Humane World for Animals urges the public to help by donating to rescues, contacting lawmakers, and avoiding products from these farms. Bears Etc. is ready to return to Ohio for the foxes once they receive the green light from Texas Parks and Wildlife.
Copyright 2025 by KPRC Click2Houston – All rights reserved.
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