Science
A life-saving transplant awaits Arthur Yu — if the U.S. government lets his donor into the country
Arthur Yu was exhausted, but he chalked it up to being a new father.
Usually active, Yu was finding himself winded by the afternoon. He negotiated with his wife Alice to get just a little bit more sleep, thinking his fatigue was just a passing phase.
But four months after the birth of their son Abel, Yu was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, a genetic mutation that formed in his bone marrow and spread to his blood. Thanks to several rounds of chemotherapy, Yu is currently in remission, but his doctors say that status is temporary and his best chance for beating the cancer is a stem cell transplant from a suitable donor.
Yu found an ideal match in a distant cousin, only he now has to convince the U.S. government to let that person into the country. And so far, the feds said no twice to granting a visa to his potential donor.
After the media strategist was diagnosed with leukemia last March, doctors asked his family to take cheek-swab DNA samples to see whether there were any suitable candidates for the procedure. None of his immediate relatives were a match, but a distant cousin was: Noel Talania, who lives in the rural Philippines countryside.
The two had never met, and neither is fluent in Tagalog, the most common language spoken among the Filipino diaspora. (Talania speaks Ilocano, the third-most spoken language in the Philippines.) So the two connected over Facebook Messenger last year and translated their words into their respective languages over translation programs.
Talania agreed to become a donor and understood the severity of the situation. Yu was realistic about all that he was asking from his cousin, and he was gracious about it.
“I feel like I’m asking of you too much,” Yu would write to his cousin. “That’s when it turns into sort of like a reminder of gratitude.”
Talania spent an entire day traveling from his rural town to the U.S. embassy in Manila on Dec. 18, according to 41-year-old Yu, who thought that by the beginning of 2024 he would be in the process of receiving a stem cell transplant at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles.
At his embassy interview, Talania was provided an interpreter who spoke Tagalog, not Ilocano, Alice Yu said, which wasn’t ideal for making his case. It was a sign of things to come: At the end of the meeting, an embassy official made it clear that the U.S. government was denying Talania’s application for a tourist visa. The official reason was stated in a boilerplate letter handed to Talania: The government held that Talania could not prove that he would return back to his home country after arriving in the U.S., as required by section 2.14(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, despite the facts that his wife and children live in the Philippines and that he has an established business there.
“When we applied for this visa in December, no one warned me that this was going to be a problem,” Yu said. “Even my doctors were surprised.”
Citizens of 41 countries are allowed to travel to the U.S. without a visa for business or tourism purposes, but the Philippines is not one of those nations.
Talania appealed the denial, and Yu’s family and friends reached out to any available resources to find a workaround. Inquiries by aides to U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla (D-Calif.) expedited the application process, and Talania was granted a second interview on Jan. 10.
Talania arrived with documents showing that Yu could afford to house Talania while undergoing the transplant procedure, along with a doctor’s note detailing Yu’s diagnosis and proof that Yu’s family were in contact with Padilla’s office. He also brought his marriage certificate and proof that he wants to return to the Philippines after the procedure.
But he was stopped before he could present any of it.
“They told him, ‘Oh, we don’t need to see that,’” Alice Yu said, recounting what an embassy official told Talania.
This time the embassy didn’t provide an interpreter, and the interviewer spoke to him only in English, Alice Yu said. The official did not look at any of the documents Talania brought with him and told him that his application was denied — again. Talania text messaged his cousin a single screen shot with two words hastily written: “Humanitarian parole.”
The phrase filled Yu with despair.
“I started to ask him, ‘Why are you texting me this? What is this? I know what [parole] is? Are you telling me you got denied?’” Yu recalled asking his cousin.
Humanitarian parole allows foreign nationals to enter the U.S. on a temporary basis due to an ongoing conflict in their home country. The application process has been used recently by Ukrainians fleeing the Russian invasion, but the process can take up to two years, according to immigration attorney Sameen Ahmadnia with the law firm Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy.
Yu will have to make a sympathetic case to the U.S. government to show why his cousin should be allowed to enter the country.
“Only, there are a lot of sympathetic cases,” Ahmadnia said. “The problem is trying to get your case to stand out to a government official.”
Ahmadnia, who offered to work with Yu pro bono after she heard about his case, helped him file the application for humanitarian parole, with a bolstered list of documents to support his case. The hope is that somewhere along the process, someone will expedite his case.
For Yu, “up to two years” is time he does not have.
“If there’s a word for a rage-infused optimism this is it, because I’m thankful that I have this option, but I’m also furious that I have to use it,” Yu said.
The U.S. State Department did not respond to requests for comment. Yu’s story was first reported by news station KABC 7.
Yu’s survival rate with chemotherapy alone is minimal and comes with added risks to his health, according to his physician Dr. Ron Paquette, clinical director, Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplant Program with Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Yu will need repeated chemotherapy treatments to keep his leukemia in remission, but every delay puts his life at risk.
Yu is in the “perfect place to proceed” with a transplant, Paquette said. There are some alternatives, like flying Talania to Mexico to donate his stem cells or using another donor who is not as close a match to Yu, but Paquette said the best chance is getting Talania to Cedars-Sinai.
While he’s unfamiliar with the visa process, Paquette urges government officials to “weigh the risks and benefits and read carefully” about Yu’s case.
“This is one person’s life on the line, where we can really make a difference in his long-term survival,” Paquette said.
Yu has “golden retriever energy” according to his wife Alice, even with his cancer diagnosis, chemotherapy treatment, the unexpected death of his father and the battle to get Talania a visa.
“If you just met him, you wouldn’t even know that he’s been through all of this in the past year,” Alice Yu said.
Alice Yu is a surgical nurse at Cedars-Sinai, and when she’s not raising their son with Yu, she’s taking care of her husband — when he lets her, that is, because he’s usually such an independent person. During his most recent chemotherapy treatment, Yu continued to clock into work, because he plans to save his remaining sick days for when he receives the stem cell transplant.
When that day comes, Alice Yu will become his caregiver 24/7 because it will take him more than a year for his immune system to recover.
But she’s also noticed her husband taking time to explain mundane tasks he usually tackled around the house, like paying their property taxes or working the remote controls in the home.
“It’s all to prepare me for when he’s not here,” she said, her voice breaking.
When Talania reported from Manila that he was denied a visa for the second time, it was late at night in Los Angeles. The message landed with a crash in the Yu home. Not knowing what to do, Alice and Arthur ate some strudels from Porto’s Bakery.
“We calmed down a bit, and then we went to sleep. There’s nothing else you can do at that point,” Yu said.
Without a transplant, his doctors arranged for another round of chemotherapy. Yu agreed, but before he went into the hospital he took his 14-month-old son to ride the trains at Griffith Park’s Travel Town just like he did when he was a child.
He also hastily arranged to baptize Abel at Cathedral Chapel of St. Vibiana, the same chapel where he married Alice.
Science
What’s in a Name? For These Snails, Legal Protection
The sun had barely risen over the Pacific Ocean when a small motorboat carrying a team of Indigenous artisans and Mexican biologists dropped anchor in a rocky cove near Bahías de Huatulco.
Mauro Habacuc Avendaño Luis, one of the craftsmen, was the first to wade to shore. With an agility belying his age, he struck out over the boulders exposed by low tide. Crouching on a slippery ledge pounded by surf, he reached inside a crevice between two rocks. There, lodged among the urchins, was a snail with a knobby gray shell the size of a walnut. The sight might not dazzle tourists who travel here to see humpback whales, but for Mr. Avendaño, 85, these drab little mollusks represent a way of life.
Marine snails in the genus Plicopurpura are sacred to the Mixtec people of Pinotepa de Don Luis, a small town in southwestern Oaxaca. Men like Mr. Avendaño have been sustainably “milking” them for radiant purple dye for at least 1,500 years. The color suffuses Mixtec textiles and spiritual beliefs. Called tixinda, it symbolizes fertility and death, as well as mythic ties between lunar cycles, women and the sea.
The future of these traditions — and the fate of the snails — are uncertain. The mollusks are subject to intense poaching pressure despite federal protections intended to protect them. Fishermen break them (and the other mollusks they eat) open and sell the meat to local restaurants. Tourists who comb the beaches pluck snails off the rocks and toss them aside.
A severe earthquake in 2020 thrust formerly submerged parts of their habitat above sea level, fatally tossing other mollusks in the snail’s food web to the air, and making once inaccessible places more available to poachers.
Decades ago, dense clusters of snails the size of doorknobs were easy to find, according to Mr. Avendaño. “Full of snails,” he said, sweeping a calloused, violet-stained hand across the coves. Now, most of the snails he finds are small, just over an inch, and yield only a few milliliters of dye.
Science
Video: This Parrot Has No Beak, But Is at the Top of the Pecking Order
new video loaded: This Parrot Has No Beak, But Is at the Top of the Pecking Order
By Meg Felling and Carl Zimmer
April 20, 2026
Science
Contributor: Focus on the real causes of the shortage in hormone treatments
For months now, menopausal women across the U.S. have been unable to fill prescriptions for the estradiol patch, a long-established and safe hormone treatment. The news media has whipped up a frenzy over this scarcity, warning of a long-lasting nationwide shortage. The problem is real — but the explanations in the media coverage miss the mark. Real solutions depend on an accurate understanding of the causes.
Reporters, pharmaceutical companies and even some doctors have blamed women for causing the shortage, saying they were inspired by a “menopause moment” that has driven unprecedented demand. Such framing does a dangerous disservice to essential health advocacy.
In this narrative, there has been unprecedented demand, and it is explained in part by the Food and Drug Administration’s recent removal of the “black-box warning” from estradiol patches’ packaging. That inaccurate (and, quite frankly, terrifying) label had been required since a 2002 announcement overstated the link between certain menopause hormone treatments and breast cancer. Right-sizing and rewording the warning was long overdue. But the trouble with this narrative is that even after the black-box warning was removed, there has not been unprecedented demand.
Around 40% of menopausal women were prescribed hormone treatments in some form before the 2002 announcement. Use plummeted in its aftermath, dipping to less than 5% in 2020 and just 1.8% in 2024. According to the most recent data, the number has now settled back at the 5% mark. Unprecedented? Hardly. Modest at best.
Nor is estradiol a new or complex drug; the patch formulation has existed for decades, and generic versions are widely manufactured. There is no exotic ingredient, no rare supply chain dependency, no fluke that explains why women are suddenly being told their pharmacy is out of stock month after month.
The story is far more an indictment of the broken insurance industry: market concentration, perverse incentives and the consequences of allowing insurance companies to own the pharmacy benefit managers that effectively control drug access for the majority of users. Three companies — CVS Caremark, Express Scripts and OptumRx — manage 79% of all prescription drug claims in the United States. Those companies are wholly owned subsidiaries of three insurance behemoths: CVS Health, Cigna and UnitedHealth Group, respectively. This means that the same corporation that sells you your insurance plan also decides which drugs get covered, at what price, and whether your pharmacy can stock them. This is called vertical integration. In another era, we might have called it a cartel. The resulting problems are not unique to hormone treatments; they have affected widely used medications including blood thinners, inhalers and antibiotics. When a low-cost generic such as estradiol — a medication with no blockbuster profit margins and no patent protection — runs into friction in this system, the friction is not random. It is structural. Every decision in that chain is filtered through the same corporate profit motive. And when the drug in question is an off-patent estradiol patch that has negligible profit margins because of generic competition but requires logistical investment to keep consistently in stock? The math on “how much does this company care about ensuring access” is not complicated.
Unfortunately, there is little financial incentive to ensure smooth, consistent access. There is, however, significant financial incentive to steer patients toward branded alternatives, or simply to let supply tighten — because the companies aren’t losing much profit if sales of that product dwindle. This is not a conspiracy theory: The Federal Trade Commission noted this dynamic in a report that documented how pharmacy benefit managers’ practices inflate costs, reduce competition and harm patient access, particularly for independent pharmacies and for generic drugs.
Any claim that the estradiol patch shortage is meaningfully caused by more women now demanding hormone treatments is a distraction. It is also misogyny, pure and simple, to imply that the solution to the shortage is for women’s health advocates to dial it down and for women to temper their expectations. The scarcity of estradiol patches is the outcome of a broken system refusing to provide adequate supply.
Meanwhile, there are a few strategies to cope.
- Ask your prescriber about alternatives. Estradiol is available in multiple formulations, including gel, spray, cream, oral tablet, vaginal ring and weekly transdermal patch, which is a different product from the twice-weekly patch and may be more consistently available depending on manufacturer and region.
- Consider an online pharmacy. Many are doing a good job locating and filling these prescriptions from outside the pharmacy benefit manager system.
- Call ahead. Patch shortages are inconsistent across regions and distributors. A call to pharmacies in your area, or a broader geographic radius if you’re able, can locate stock that your regular pharmacy doesn’t have.
- Consider a compounding pharmacy. These sources can sometimes meet needs when commercially manufactured products are inaccessible. The hormones used are the same FDA-regulated bulk ingredients.
Beyond those Band-Aid solutions, more Americans need to fight for systemic change. The FTC report exists because Congress asked for it and committed to legislation that will address at least some of the problems. The FDA took action to change the labeling on estrogen in the face of citizen and medical experts’ pressure; it should do more now to demand transparency from patch manufacturers.
Most importantly, it is on all of us to call out the cracks in the current system. Instead of repeating “there’s a patch shortage” or a “surge in demand,” say that a shockingly small minority of menopausal women still even get hormonal treatments prescribed at all, and three drug companies control the vast majority of claims in this country. Those are the real problems that need real solutions.
Jennifer Weiss-Wolf, the executive director of the Birnbaum Women’s Leadership Center at New York University School of Law, is the author of the forthcoming book “When in Menopause: A User’s Manual & Citizen’s Guide.” Suzanne Gilberg, an obstetrician and gynecologist in Los Angeles, is the author of “Menopause Bootcamp.”
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