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Civil rights advocates urge lawmakers to add equal protection clause to Vermont Constitution

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Civil rights advocates urge lawmakers to add equal protection clause to Vermont Constitution


As marginalized populations ponder the future of civil liberties under a U.S. Supreme Court that’s already reversed abortion rights and affirmative action policies, the Legislature is looking to strengthen anti-discrimination laws in Vermont by adding an equal protection clause to the state’s constitution.

The Senate late last month unanimously advanced a proposed constitutional amendment, known as PR.4, that would guarantee “equal treatment under the law” for nine protected classes, including race, sex, disability, gender identity and sexual orientation.

The proposal is scheduled for a House vote this week. If both chambers of the Legislature approve the measure again during the next legislative biennium, then Vermont voters will decide whether to ratify the amendment in the 2026 general election.

“The Vermont Constitution is the foundation of all Vermont law and all state government action,” said Big Hartman, executive director of the Vermont Human Rights Commission. “We believe our constitution should absolutely contain equal rights protections explicitly.”

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Vermont’s motto is “Freedom and Unity.” But nowhere in the state’s constitution are there any prohibitions against discrimination based on a person’s race, sex, religion or other characteristics.

Civil rights advocates have been working for years to change that. And the campaign is gaining steam, due in part to growing concerns about landmark decisions coming out of a U.S. Supreme Court now controlled by a conservative majority of justices.

“Adding an equal protection clause to the Vermont Constitution would allow Vermont to develop its own homegrown, more robust protection of people from discrimination.”

Peter Teachout, Vermont Law School

In the 2022, the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade. In 2023, the court issued a ruling that ends affirmative action policies in college admissions. The court has issued similarly controversial decisions related to voting rights and tribal sovereignty.

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Rev. Mark Hughes, the executive director of the Vermont Racial Justice Alliance, told Vermont Public that the court’s rulings force an urgent conversation about what the future is going to look like for groups whose rights and liberties hinge on the court’s interpretation of the federal constitution.

“Since we’re having this conversation, it’s important to ask ourselves the question, ‘Is there any way that the state of Vermont can extend the protection of its citizens, particularly those in marginalized communities, given the political climate that we’re actually in right now?’” Hughes said.

Sophie Stephens

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Windham Sen. Nader Hashim, speaking during a Senate debate last week, said the proposed amendment would prevent future legislatures from enacting discriminatory laws and policies.

The Vermont Racial Justice Alliance, the Vermont Commission on Women and the Vermont Office of Racial Equity all say the state can and should extend protections to those communities. And they say Vermont can accomplish the task by amending its constitution.

Just as Vermont voters added a reproductive liberty amendment to the state constitution after the overturning of Roe. v. Wade, Hughes said, the state now needs a similar safeguard against discrimination.

The Vermont Racial Justice Alliance led the campaign for an amendment in 2022 that repealed constitutional language stating that a person could be held as a “servant, slave or apprentice … for the payment of debts, damages, fines, costs or the like.”

“Addressing systemic racism … requires a comprehensive approach that includes legal, legislative, social, cultural and other efforts to promote equity, justice and equality for all,” Hughes said. “This is not a silver bullet. It’s not going to do it by itself. It’s one of many tools.”

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The proposed amendment would make clear that the state “shall not deny equal treatment under the law on account of” certain protected characteristics. The nine classes named in the provision advanced by the Senate are race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and national origin.

“This has been a very, very long time coming.”

Cary Brown, Vermont Commission on Women

Neither legal experts nor advocates think the amendment would have any significant impact immediately upon ratification. But they say it could inform and influence court decisions over time in ways that mitigate racial and gender inequality.

That’s because it would give state courts a new touchstone for discrimination cases that come before them in the future, according to Peter Teachout, a professor at Vermont Law School who specializes in constitutional law.

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Teachout said the proposed amendment could give Vermont’s Supreme Court the latitude to arrive at decisions that they wouldn’t necessarily get to if they were relying exclusively on the 14th Amendment in the U.S. Constitution, or Article 7 of the Vermont Constitution, which is the language courts often look to when considering the merits of equal protection claims.

“States can provide protections, greater protections, against discrimination than the Supreme Court has held the 14th Amendment provides against discrimination,” Teachout said. “Adding an equal protection clause to the Vermont Constitution would allow Vermont to develop its own homegrown, more robust protection of people from discrimination than you find in Supreme Court decisions today.”

Teachout, however, said the proposed amendment is not a failsafe against the sorts of outcomes people such as Hughes are worried about. If the U.S. Supreme Court, for instance, rules that college admissions policies can’t give weight to someone based on their race, then Vermont courts can’t issue rulings that contradict that precedent.

Where federal supremacy isn’t in play, Teachout said, the amendment could play a substantive role in shaping legal decisions.

And Windham County Sen. Nader Hashim, a Democrat, said it protects against a dystopian future in which Vermont’s Legislature is controlled by people who would seek to roll back the rights of protected classes enumerated in the amendment.

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“I don’t know what the future holds. I don’t know who will be sitting here in 50 years or 100 years, and I don’t know what their beliefs might be,” Hashim said. “But I do know with a strong conviction that I don’t want to witness a future in my lifetime or future generations’ lifetimes in which government can pass or enforce laws that discriminate and cause division among Vermonters.”

Cary Brown, executive director of the Vermont Commission on Women, said the proposed amendment is the culmination of a decades-long campaign that began as a push to get an equal rights amendment in the U.S. Constitution.

“This has been a very, very long time coming,” Brown said.

Though the national equal rights campaign has stalled, a majority of states have since added equal protection clauses to their state constitutions. Brown said she hopes Vermont’s version will change the standard of review used by courts in assessing discrimination claims.

“Under existing sex discrimination laws, the burden of proof rests with the victim … but with this amendment, that could change the presumption of constitutionality of laws that use sex or any of the other listed classifications to treat people differently,” she said. “And the burden of demonstrating they’re constitutional would shift to the state, which would be a significant improvement.”

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Vermont high school playoff scores, results, stats for Thursday, March 5

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Vermont high school playoff scores, results, stats for Thursday, March 5


The 2025-2026 Vermont high school winter season has begun. See below for scores, schedules and game details (statistical leaders, game notes) from basketball, hockey, gymnastics, wrestling, Nordic/Alpine skiing and other winter sports.

TO REPORT SCORES

Coaches or team representatives are asked to report results ASAP after games by emailing sports@burlingtonfreepress.com. Please submit with a name/contact number.

Contact Alex Abrami at aabrami@freepressmedia.com. Follow him on X, formerly known as Twitter: @aabrami5.

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Contact Judith Altneu at JAltneu@usatodayco.com. Follow her on X, formerly known as Twitter: @Judith_Altneu.

THURSDAY’S H.S. PLAYOFF GAMES

D-III GIRLS BASKETBALL SEMIFINALS

At Barre Auditorium

No. 5 Vergennes (17-4) vs. No. 1 Hazen (18-2), 5:30 p.m.

No. 3 Oxbow (16-6) vs. No. 2 Windsor (16-6), 7:30 p.m.

Watch Vermont high school sports on NFHS Network

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D-I BOYS BASKETBALL QUARTERFINALS

Games at 7 p.m. unless noted

No. 8 Mount Mansfield (10-11) at No. 1 Rice Memorial (17-3)

No. 12 Essex (5-16) at No. 4 Rutland (15-6)

No. 7 Burr and Burton (13-8) at No. 2 South Burlington (15-5), 6 p.m.

No. 6 BFA-St. Albans (13-8) vs. No. 3 Burlington (15-5) at Colchester, 7:30 p.m.

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D-II GIRLS HOCKEY QUARTERFINALS

No. 8 Stowe (5-16) vs. No. 1 U-32 (13-6-1) at Kreitzberg Arena, 5 p.m.

(Subject to change)





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19 Vermont school budgets fail as education leaders debate need for reform

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19 Vermont school budgets fail as education leaders debate need for reform


MONTPELIER, Vt. (WCAX) – Most Vermont school budgets passed Tuesday, but 19 districts and supervisory unions saw their spending plans rejected — an uptick from the nine that failed in 2025, though well below the 29 that failed in 2024.

Some education leaders say the results show communities are largely supportive of their schools.

“We’re starting to kind of equalize out again towards the normal trend of passage of school budgets each year,” said Chelsea Meyers of the Vermont Superintendents Association.

Sue Ceglowski of the Vermont School Boards Association said the results send a clear message. “Vermont taxpayers support Vermont’s public schools,” she said.

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Meyers said the results also raise questions about the scope of education reform being considered in Montpelier. “If we are going to reform the system, it might not require sweeping broad changes as are being considered right now, but a more concise approach to consider that inequity,” she said.

But in districts where budgets failed, officials say structural changes are still needed. In Barre, where the budget failed, Barre Unified Union School District Board Chair Michael Boutin said the Legislature must, at a minimum, create a new funding formula. “We have to have that in order to avoid the huge increases and decreases — the huge increases that we’ve seen in the last couple years,” Boutin said.

He said the rise in school budgets is separate from why property owners are seeing sharp tax increases. The average state increase in school budgets is 4%, but the average property tax increase is 10%, driven by cost factors including health care. “There’s a complete disconnect, and that’s a product of the terrible system that we have in Vermont with our funding formula,” Boutin said.

Ceglowski says the state should address health care costs before moving forward with rapid education policy changes. “Addressing the rapid rise in the cost of school employees’ health benefits by ensuring a fair and balanced statewide bargaining process for those benefits,” she said.

The 19 districts that did not pass their budgets will need to draft new spending plans to present to voters, which often requires cuts. Twelve school districts are scheduled to vote at a later date.

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6 of the Quirkiest Towns in Vermont

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6 of the Quirkiest Towns in Vermont


Vermont is, for many visitors, the postcard-perfect New England state. A part of the United States since 1791, the first to join the Union after the Thirteen Original Colonies, Vermont has many unique, and sometimes quirky, features. The place has attracted artists and other creative geniuses, some of them decidedly eccentric, from its earliest days. The natural parts of Vermont, like the famous Lake Champlain, offer unusual points of interest for visitors and locals alike. With a state as rich in traveling attractions, it should be little wonder that some of them come with a quirk or two.

Montpelier

Summer Farmers Market in Montpelier, Vermont. Editorial credit: Phill Truckle / Shutterstock.com

Montpelier, while being Vermont’s charming capital, is the tiniest among all US state capitals with just around 8,000 residents. For comparison, the second-smallest, Pierre in South Dakota, has a population of about 14,000. Established in 1787, this historic town warmly welcomes visitors with a variety of landmarks, including the Vermont History Museum and the sprawling 200-acre Hubbard Park. The State House is also open to the public for tours. Just a short drive west, less than an hour away, lies Lake Champlain, one of the Northeast’s most beloved watersides.

The town’s name pays homage to Montpellier, a beautiful city in southern France. This naming reflected the high regard for France at the time, especially for their support during the US War of Independence. Interestingly, Montpelier has experienced its share of flooding, with significant damage occurring in the years 1927, 1992, and most recently in 2023.

Elmore

Lake Elmore State Part with beautiful autumn foliage and water reflections at Elmore, Vermont
Lake Elmore State Part with beautiful autumn foliage and water reflections at Elmore, Vermont

Elmore, a charming small town in Lamoille County with fewer than 900 residents, is a favorite spot for autumn leaf-peepers. Located north of Montpelier, this peaceful town has its own unique charm, including several local landmarks sharing the name ‘Elmore,’ which adds to its character. It’s important to note that Elmore town is separate from East Elmore. To the west, Elmore Mountain overlooks the area, while Elmore State Park lies just north of the town itself. Enjoying waterside beauty, Elmore Lake is often listed among Vermont’s most picturesque lakes, with its waters flowing into the Lamoille River through Elmore Pond Brook. Like Montpelier, Elmore is situated east of Lake Champlain. For those seeking a more bustling scene or a change of pace, the vibrant city of Burlington, just an hour’s drive west, makes for a perfect day trip or weekend getaway.

Stowe

Aerial view of Stowe Vermont and autumn colors.
Aerial view of Stowe Vermont and autumn colors.

Stowe, with a lively population of 5,300, is Vermont’s top spot for adrenaline seekers and the eccentrics among us, earning its reputation as the state’s premier ski and snowboard destination. The Stowe Mountain Resort proudly calls itself the “ski capital of the east”—that’s the eastern United States. Nestled near the breathtaking Mount Mansfield, Stowe offers more than just winter fun; warmer months bring plenty of activities like hiking and mountain biking in the beautiful Cady Hill Forest.

The town also has a rich history, being the home of Jake Burton Carpenter (1954-2019), the visionary behind Burton Snowboards and a trailblazer in making snowboarding an international sport. While some might have called him eccentric when he launched his company in 1977, today he’s celebrated as a true pioneer whose legacy keeps inspiring young snow sports enthusiasts, like those at Mount Mansfield Winter Academy, a special school dedicated to nurturing the next generation of champions.

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Manchester

View of the historic and colorful Manchester Village in Manchester, Vermont with tulips in bloom
View of the historic and colorful Manchester Village in Manchester, Vermont with tulips in bloom

Manchester, a town with 4,500 residents located in southwest Vermont, is popular among art and architecture enthusiasts. It features Hildene, the estate of Abraham Lincoln’s son Robert, which boasts an impressive Georgian Revival house and grounds. The town’s American Museum of Fly Fishing showcases numerous rods, flies, and related gear, attracting many superstitious anglers. Manchester is also home to Orvis, a renowned fishing and clothing company. The Southern Vermont Arts Center hosts exhibitions, and includes a sculpture garden and performance space. Nature lovers should visit Mount Equinox, west of town, or explore the Green Mountain National Forest to the south.

Eccentric fact: Jonathan Goldsmith, known for portraying “The World’s Most Interesting Man” in Dos Equis commercials, resides in Manchester. Stay quirky, my friends.

Brattleboro

Historic downtown of Brattleboro, Vermont.
Historic downtown of Brattleboro, Vermont. Image credit jenlo8 via Shutterstock

Brattleboro, with a population of 12,100, sits along the Connecticut River and features a variety of attractions and oddities. Located just west of New Hampshire—in which the Connecticut River forms the border—and just north of Massachusetts, the town is an ideal midpoint for exploring the wider New England region. Outdoor enthusiasts will appreciate Fort Dummer State Park, welcoming hikers, bikers, and campers alike. Among the more renowned eccentric figures in history, British writer Rudyard Kipling moved to Brattleboro after marrying a Vermont woman in 1892. Their home, Naulakha, references his birth and childhood in India. Kipling believed that Brattleboro’s conservative small-town culture created an

Woodstock

Snowy day at the farm in Woodstock.
Snowy day at the farm in Woodstock. Editorial credit: James Kirkikis / Shutterstock.com

Woodstock, a town with 3,000 residents located in upstate New York, is separate from the famous 1969 cultural event. This southeastern town attracts architecture enthusiasts, particularly for the First Congregational Church, built in 1807 and featuring a bell cast by American revolutionary Paul Revere, and the Norman Williams Public Library, completed in 1884. For outdoor activities, visitors can walk in Woodstock Town Forest, located south of the town, or enjoy panoramic views from the Marsh Billings Rockefeller National Historical Park, the only part of the US National Park system in Vermont besides the Appalachian Trail. Recently, Woodstock has modernized its infrastructure with digital technology, launching the “Wireless Woodstock” initiative in 2011, which provides free Wi-Fi across the entire town. It’s not quirky; it’s just cool.

Vermont’s Quirky Small Towns May Also Be Its Best

These small Vermont towns show the state’s sometimes quirky, but never boring character. Architecture fans will find unusual, beautiful examples state-wide. Montpelier is an oddly pint-sized capital with heavyweight history. Brattleboro has long attracted strange, sometimes brilliant types, whether foreign or domestic. Manchester is interesting enough for the World’s Most Interesting Man. And with abundant natural parks, the Green Mountains, and the majesty of Lake Elmore and Lake Champlain, the quirks of Vermont’s best features should attract even the most straight-laced visitors.



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