North Dakota
North Dakota aerial applicators set an acreage record in 2024 while recording no fatalities
BISMARCK, N.D. — Aerial applicators in North Dakota treated 5.5 million acres in 2024 — setting a new record while recording no fatal incidents in the year among pilots.
“It’s really astounding when you think about 160 skilled pilots and what they’re able to do,” said Kyle Wanner, executive director of the North Dakota Aeronautics Commission. “When you go back to the ’80s, we had double the amount of aerial applicators, we had double the amount of pilots, and we had double the amount of aircraft. And so we’re doing much more today with less, and that’s due to the incredible work of these skilled aviators and the technology, the larger aircraft that they’re flying.”
The previous record was 5.2 million acres, set in 2015. The average acreage treated since 2001 has been 4 million acres. According to the National Agricultural Aviation Association, aerial applicators nationwide treat approximately 127 million acres of cropland, 5.1 million acres of forests, 7.9 million acres of pasture and rangeland and 4.8 million acres of public health spraying, including for mosquito abatement.
Jenny Schlecht / Agweek
Steve Iglehart, president of the North Dakota Agricultural Aviation Association, said bigger airplanes that can fly faster with more reliable turbine engines play a big role in allowing fewer pilots to cover more acres, as does GPS.
“GPS is a big, huge, huge for aviation,” said Iglehart, an aerial applicator who works in the Garrison area. “Airplanes are just faster and more productive now than they’ve ever been. I started off in the smaller airplane, 150 gallon hopper. You know, it works good for close in, 10 miles, 20 miles out. Then I get a 400 gallon hopper, one. Then you go out farther, 30 miles. Then a 500 gallon hopper — then you go out even a little bit farther and carry more. You can get more done in the shorter time.”
Treatments applied via airplane can include things like fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. Unique agronomic conditions also were involved in the record acreage in 2024.
“So we had a lot of moisture, wet ground in the eastern part. The rain came at the right time. Usually, if you get rain in June, you’re pretty much going to be guaranteed for a fungicide run somewhere,” he said.
Commodity prices were high enough in the spring that farmers saw the need to protect the crop. And if they aren’t using aerial application, farmers realize that they’ll have to apply from the ground. Saving the time on the farm staff, compaction from the sprayer and the wear and tear on the ground sprayer can mean that “sometimes the airplanes are flying for free,” Iglehart said.
“You know, they don’t have to hire somebody. They don’t have to find somebody to mix and load for them. That’s usually the aerial guy’s job. We can go farther. We can go cut across the field faster, get to a location faster than they can, if it’s safe. They got a field 30 miles away? We can get to it faster before a wind can come up. We’ve got the prime conditions to get something done at the right time,” he said.

Contributed / North Dakota Aeronautics Commission
After several
crashes
resulting in
fatalities
among aerial applicators in the region in 2023, a larger focus has been placed on safety. Iglehart said fatigue and the unique situations pilots encounter — like flying low and dealing with power lines — play a part.
“There’s days where you can get about 14 hours just running an airplane,” he said. “It’s a high-stakes game.”
He stressed the importance of pilots getting enough sleep, eating right and staying hydrated and positive as things that can help. But his association also took another step in 2024, putting on an eight-hour course on flying in wires and situational awareness. He credits the course for the clean 2024 flying season and said the association may make it a regular thing.
“I think that course paid dividends, for sure, in this last year,” he said. “It is expensive to have, but it’s cheap insurance when the return on investment is, nobody loses their life or has an accident. Everybody always needs to be reminded of things. Doesn’t matter how old or young you are. It’s just a good awareness thing to have.”

Contributed / North Dakota Aeronautics Commission
All aerial applicators must be licensed by the North Dakota Aeronautics Commission and must report their acreage to the commission by Dec. 1. North Dakota has 78 licensed manned aerial applicators, operating 183 aircraft with 156 pilots, and 21 unmanned aerial applicators, who operate drones in precision agriculture operations.
The unmanned aerial applicator portion is fairly new. The Aeronautics Commission has been licensing drone applicators who provide crop treatments since 2022. The 5.5 million acres treated in 2024 included 70,000 acres treated via unmanned aerial application. Wanner expects the number of unmanned operators to increase.
“The interest continues to grow,” he said. “We have 21 licensed unmanned operators. It might be up to 40 by the end of this year … based on the interest that we’re receiving.”
The North Dakota Legislature will consider during the 2025 session
House Bill 1037
, which would set up grant programs for use of autonomous systems, including drones, in multiple areas, including agriculture. The bill has been referred to the House Appropriations Committee and had not had a hearing scheduled as of Jan. 15.
Iglehart doesn’t know anyone operating a drone for crop treatments in his area, but he thinks they have their place in the industry.
“Where I like to see those things is probably under power lines and around corners,” he said.
He said they’re also useful for small plots where it wouldn’t make sense to “fire up the airplane.”
Wanner stressed that licensing is mandatory for applying crop treatments via drone.
“You can’t just go out there and mix the chemical and start flying that aircraft. There are a couple of things that we just need to ensure that you’re doing prior to that, but it is actually a relatively easy process once you really understand it, and we’re happy to walk through that with anybody,” Wanner said.
Jenny Schlecht / Agweek
The process includes getting a Remote Pilot Certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration, an Agricultural Aircraft Operator certificate from the FAA, a North Dakota Pesticide Certificate from North Dakota State University and an Unmanned Aerial Applicator License from the Aeronautics Commission.
Wanner said properly following those steps are critical in ensuring safety for operators and for the public, even if someone is just spot spraying on their own farm.
“Those are just some things that are critical, because at the end of the day, we want a professional environment. We want a professional environment for our aerial applicators, but also for our unmanned air applicators,” Wanner said.
Getting more pilots in the air
While more acres are getting covered with fewer pilots than in the past, the aerial applicator community still is looking for more young people interested in flying. Like farming, Wanner said it can be a difficult industry to get into, so discussions about how to get people interested and involved are ongoing.
“We want to obviously excite the next generation,” he said, noting that new technology and automation may be interest points for some. “You know, there’s different things like like that may come into play to make things easier moving forward.”
Iglehart said anyone interested in becoming an aerial applicator should contact a local applicator and visit with them about opportunities.
“Basically, they’re going to put you as a loader guy. Get learning and mixing and loading the airplane, get familiar with that. And then if they feel you can handle that well, then you can start applying for your private pilot license. Then you go into just flying a little bit, practicing the spray runs. And then if he feels like you can move on to the next step, he’ll put you in an airplane that you can track your GPS and just learn the basics and be safe,” he said.
North Dakota
Fargo woman convicted in North Dakota fraud case now faces charges in Minnesota: A deeper dive
FARGO, N.D. (Valley News Live) – A North Dakota woman who was sentenced to 180 days in jail in Cass County for defrauding healthcare providers and Medicaid programs is now facing additional fraud charges in Minnesota.
Christine Marie Pryor, 55, pleaded guilty in November 2024 to theft by deception involving more than $50,000. She was sentenced to first serve 180 days with a 3-year sentence suspended. She received credit for 44 days already served.
Pryor was ordered to pay $82,584.78 in restitution to Southeast Human Services in Fargo, where she worked between 2018 and 2019.
How the scheme unfolded
According to court documents, Pryor worked at multiple healthcare facilities in North Dakota and Minnesota between 2018 and 2023, using the identities and credentials of three licensed professionals without their knowledge. She submitted fraudulent Capella University diplomas and transcripts to gain employment.
Investigators say Pryor admitted she searched state licensing websites for therapists who shared her first name, then used those therapists’ last names and license numbers when applying for jobs.
At Southeast Human Services, where she worked as a Licensed Addiction Counselor, Pryor earned $55,584.82 while providing therapy services to approximately 150 patients. She also opened her own counseling center, NIAM Brain Injury Center, in Fargo between 2020 and 2021, and worked at The Lotus Center in Moorhead, Minnesota, from 2021 to 2023.
Court documents say the three licensed professionals whose identities were used told investigators they had no knowledge of Pryor’s actions and did not give her permission to use their information.
Two additional charges against Pryor in North Dakota, unauthorized use of personal identifying information, were dismissed on motion of the state.
Additional charges in Minnesota
Pryor is also facing charges in Minnesota. Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison announced on Tuesday charges against Pryor in Clay County District Court for six theft offenses and six identity theft offenses related to defrauding Minnesota’s Medicaid program of more than $150,000.
According to the Minnesota complaint, Pryor claimed to provide psychotherapy and alcohol and drug counseling services to Medicaid recipients despite having no license or credentials to do so. Prosecutors allege she used the credentials and identities of three licensed professionals while claiming to provide Medicaid-funded services to 169 clients.
The Minnesota charges were filed as part of National Health Care Fraud Takedown Day, a joint effort involving the Department of Justice and more than 40 state Medicaid Fraud Control Units.
Copyright 2026 KVLY. All rights reserved.
North Dakota
NCAA Set to Change Unpopular Football Rule Just in Time for North Dakota State’s FBS Jump
North Dakota State playing in the FCS playoffs and College Football Playoff in back-to-back years? It’s likelier than you think.
That’s because on Wednesday, according to a report from Ross Dellenger of Yahoo! Sports, the NCAA Division I cabinet voted to repeal a rule that effectively barred teams transitioning from FCS to FBS from playing in postseason games in their first FBS seasons. The Bison are making that move along with Sacramento State in 2026.
The reported change has been a long time coming; the rule has hampered teams from immediate bowl eligibility for decades. Its good intentions of dissuading teams from rashly making the FCS-to-FBS leap have been rendered obsolete in recent years by the fact that programs generally arrive in FBS more prepared than ever before.
Consider the number of new FBS teams that have had to work within the provision in the past decade alone
That list includes: Liberty (home for the holidays at 6–6 in 2018), James Madison (8–3 in 2022 under coach Curt Cignetti, and barely able to play in a bowl at 11–1 in ’23 due to a lack of bowl-eligible teams), Jacksonville State (8–4 in ’23 before backing in like the Dukes), Missouri State (7–5 in 2025, also backed in) and Delaware (6–6 in ’25, ditto).
James Madison in particular became a cause célèbre in ’23 because it started the season 10-0, climbing as high as No. 18 in the AP Poll in mid-November. Then-Virginia attorney general Jason Miyares bandied about suing the NCAA before the Dukes lost 26–23 to Appalachian State, an event that caused the program to back off and accept a bid to play Air Force in the Armed Forces Bowl. James Madison lost that game 31–21, by which time Cignetti had left for Indiana.
There was a time when the FCS-to-FBS jump was an imposing one, and the NCAA did not want to incentivize making it lightly—not even a proud Florida A&M program could make a mid-2000s attempt at a jump stick. However, the Flames, Dukes and other teams have shown it’s not so great a climb for programs with the right resources and management.
Now the Bison and the Hornets stand to benefit.
How far can North Dakota State and Sacramento State go in the near term?
The Bison opened 12–0 last year before a shock loss to Illinois State in the FCS playoffs’ second round, so that question may answer itself. North Dakota State does not play a single Power 4 team—a potential strength-of-schedule albatross if it has designs on really surging. A potential roadblock: the fact that the Bison have to visit the Mountain West’s two favorites, UNLV (Oct. 10) and New Mexico (Oct. 24).
It’s a different story for the Hornets, a 7–5 squad a year ago whose move to the FBS is widely seen as a gamble on their growth potential. Sacramento State also does not play a major-conference team, but has a breakneck travel schedule ahead of it—the Hornets will visit Ypsilanti, Mich.; Bowling Green, Ohio; Muncie, Ind.; Mount Pleasant, Mich. and Honolulu. Combine that with a first-year coach—Oakland native and ex-MC Hammer choreographer Alonzo Carter—and it could be a long FBS debut in California’s capital.
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North Dakota
Finding a hero: Efforts to identify North Dakota soldier Irvin C. Ellingson’s remains took years
DAHLEN, N.D. — Four years ago, Lon Enerson started writing a book about his uncle, Staff Sgt. Irvin C. Ellingson, and the work to identify his remains.
As Enerson stood in front of the Dahlen Lutheran Church on Saturday, June 20, a casket inside waited for the
funeral and burial
of Ellingson, a soldier who waited 81 years to come home.
“I never thought I would get the final chapter,” Enerson said.
Enerson, along with scores of Ellingson relatives, waited to hear about the identification of Sgt. Ellingson from Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in Honolulu, Hawaii, where efforts took place to identify soldiers who died in a Tokyo prison fire during World War II. Ellingson was the third to be identified, with 10 successfully identified so far.
There were a number of Gold Star families — those whose relatives died in the line of duty — present at the Ellingson funeral. Enerson had attended a funeral at Arlington National Cemetery of the second person to be identified.
“We’re cheering for each other,” he said.
Ellingson was 25 and serving as a radar observer on a B-29 in the Pacific Theater when, on April 14, 1945, his plane was shot down during a bombing mission over mainland Japan. He was captured alongside 61 other Air Corps members, interrogated and held at a Tokyo prison. A few weeks later, on May 26, an Allied bombing run over Japan sparked a fire at the prison, killing Ellingson and the others.
The Ellingson family’s wait to bring home his remains began that year, and 81 years later, it finally happened. Enerson said the passion his grandparents felt when Ellingson died filtered down to him and his generation. It created, he said, a “common bond that we needed to get him home.”
In 2018, Enerson received a letter from Michael Krehl, instigator of the search to identify and recover the remains of the prison fire soldiers. Krehl was told by the Defense POW MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) about a process involving DNA that could identify the remains. To get the remains — interred at the American Cemetery in Manila — to Hawaii to start the identification process, 60% of the 62 families of the soldiers had to submit DNA, since the remains were commingled.
Enerson’s mother had died the year before, but two uncles, Bud and Dennis Ellingson, were still alive. They both gave their DNA, along with Enerson.
“I called them, and they were overwhelmed to tears,” Enerson said. “I said ‘I’m going to give the DPAA your address and they’re going to send you DNA sample kits.’ So we got three Ellingson DNA there. Sibling DNA is like gold.”
Barbara Geisler, a family genealogist who found Enerson so he could be sent the letter, prayed over Ellingson’s casket at Saturday’s funeral.
She said the group had to find the families for both missing and identified soldiers.
“We went for the missing first. We thought it was most important,” she said.
Eric Hylden / Grand Forks Herald
Though the Ellingson family submitted their DNA, by November of 2021 the percentage of given DNA was stuck at 59.68%, Enerson said. The family went to Washington, D.C., to speak with 17 senators, including North Dakota Sens. John Hoeven and Kevin Cramer, who signed a bipartisan letter to then-Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin to get the remains.
As the letter went through, one more person submitted DNA to get over the 60% threshold, Enerson said. In spring 2022, the caskets were brought to the lab in Hawaii to begin the identification process.
Kristen Grow and Melissa Menschel were two forensic anthropologists involved in the process. Grow led the Tokyo Prison Fire project in 2024 and Menschel joined last year. They said the process involves an inventory of the remains, taking samples, finding what remains go together and looking at chemical signatures of the bones. There are also forensic odontologists who analyze teeth.
Both Grow and Menschel were present for the funeral and burial.
From 2022 to 2025 seven groups of Ellingsons visited the lab to “potentially be in that same place as Irvin would be,” Enerson said.
“There was no guarantee all along, but we always told them that the Ellingson family does have one guarantee — and that is that we’re not going to stop looking for him,” he said.
Last summer, the family got the call that Ellingson had been identified. The family was told his remains would be escorted home and a full military honors funeral would be provided all at government expense. In September, the family formed a committee made up of family members to map out the details. Enerson said the family decided upon three days of celebration.
Terry Ellingson, Enerson’s cousin, said it “takes a village to get this done.”
“Everybody decided to take care of a certain area,” he said Saturday. “It all got done, but it took a lot of contacts. Even this morning, we were short of buses for people to go to the cemetery. (And then came) a call that Midway Public Schools would provide a couple more buses for us.”
Through it all, Enerson held tight to one sentence within a deceased personnel file he received. It contained all the information the government went through to locate Ellingson.
“The sentence goes like this: ‘Sgt. McGrath saw Staff Sgt. Irvin Ellingson being interrogated at the Kempeitai military headquarters in Tokyo, leaving with 2nd Lt. Andrew Litz, to the Tokyo Military Prison,’” Enerson said. “That was a sentence that I hung onto, and we all hung onto.”
Enerson noted that 2nd Lt. Litz’s nephew and niece were at the Saturday funeral, too.
Enerson has been collecting information through the eight-plus years it took to get Ellingson home. Four years ago, people told him, “Lon, if something happens to you, no one’s going to know (this information),” he said.
“So, I started writing a book,” he said.
His sister, Jane Wood, is editing.
“He’s almost to 400 pages,” she said.
Eric Hylden / Grand Forks Herald
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