North Dakota
Bills seek to add protections for North Dakota renters • North Dakota Monitor

Lobbyists for the ACLU and North Dakota Apartment Association clashed over three bills that would provide North Dakota renters with more protections.
Three bills heard by the Senate Industry and Business Committee this week would provide renters protection from snowballing late fees, and empower the Department of Labor and Human Rights to investigate complaints against landlords. The department would also be able to take disciplinary action against a landlord for violations of North Dakota Century Code involving the leasing of property and eviction.
Cody Schuler, advocacy manager for ACLU of North Dakota, said 40% of renters in North Dakota are “cost burdened,” meaning those tenants tend to live paycheck-to-paycheck, spending more than 30% of their income on rent. He testified in support of all three bills.
“Individuals who are living on those margins, they live on the cusp of possibly becoming homeless,” Schuler said in an interview. “And when we look at the sheer volume of the cost of homelessness, and how to correct homelessness, it’s so much more financially responsible for everyone involved … to be able to prevent homelessness.”
Opposing all three bills, Jeremy Petron, lobbyist for the North Dakota Apartment Association, said a lot of the confusion over late fees stems from renters not reading their lease agreements, and landlords not explaining the lease and late fee processes well enough during the lease signing.
“I myself have been in the property management industry for 20 years, and the company that I work for, we communicate with our tenants and let them know … We don’t try to just automatically evict someone for just one late fee,” Petron said. “We’re going to work with them.”
All three bills were introduced by Sen. Ryan Braunberger, D-Fargo.
After the public hearing, Braunberger said he’s concerned that the committee didn’t seem receptive to his three bills.
“I think we need to make sure we’re looking at both sides,” Braunberger said. “We don’t necessarily want to punish good landlords, but we want to make sure we’re protecting good tenants too.”
Late rent payments and fees
Senate Bill 2235 would prioritize processing the payments of late rent first before late fees are processed, Braunberger said. By processing the late rent amount first, renters wouldn’t accrue as many additional late fees.
Schuler shared a story with lawmakers about a Fargo resident who lost his minimum wage job and needed rental assistance to cover a late payment and fees. The renter thought the full amount had been paid but received a three-day eviction notice after the additional late fees were processed before the late rental payment, leaving an unpaid balance.
“The fact of the matter is, he wouldn’t have even needed this assistance had this law been in place,” Schuler said.
Multiple senators on the committee questioned whether the new payment priority changes would incentivize tenants not paying any late fees.

Petron said the payment of late rent and fees is spelled out in the rental agreement, so both the renter and the landlord are on the same page.
The late fees could still be recouped by the landlord through an itemized deduction from the tenant’s security deposit after they move out, he said.
Senate Bill 2236 would cap the amount landlords can charge in late fees at 8% of the rent, Braunberger said.
“This basically will address issues regarding compounded fees,” he said. Landlords wouldn’t be able to keep adding late fees for each day or week that a payment is late unless the total fees are under 8% of the rent for the month.
Another supporter of all three bills, Kaden Felch, a fair housing specialist with the High Plains Fair Housing Center, said late fees can range from $10 to $100 with fees being added until the rent is paid in full.
“Large and accumulating late fees can set renters back for months, leading to eviction or lead to large bills that may stay with them for a long time and prevent renters from finding stable housing in the future,” Felch said. “This cap will just allow more flexibility for North Dakotans who may not have as much expendable income as others.”
Petron said the bill was essentially “price fixing” what landlords can charge for late rent payments.
“A property owner’s costs associated with operating and maintaining a property aren’t fixed and can fluctuate,” Petron said.
Investigations of complaints
Senate Bill 2237 would empower the Department of Labor and Human Rights to be able to investigate complaints against landlords and take disciplinary action against a landlord found to be in violation of state law.

Schuler said North Dakota doesn’t have a clear pathway for a state agency to address landlord-tenant disputes outside of the courtroom. During North Dakota eviction proceedings in 2022, he said landlords retained legal representation in 98% of all eviction cases and tenants were represented by attorneys in only 1% of cases, according to the Legal Services Corp.
“When we get into this place where 40% of North Dakota renters are considered cost-burdened, it’s unlikely that those individuals would have, or be able to afford, legal counsel,” Schuler said.
Zachary Greenberg, interim commissioner for the Department of Labor and Human Rights, asked lawmakers to recommend a “do not pass” on the bill due to the department’s jurisdictional, legal and administrative concerns.
He added the department doesn’t license or register landlords in the state and disciplinary actions needed to address complaints would focus on the license they don’t issue. He said other industries have their own licensing boards that can issue disciplinary actions against their membership.
“This bill grants the labor commissioner enforcement powers that do not align with existing regulatory frameworks, raising legal and procedural concerns,” Greenberg said.
He said the investigative burdens on the department would be large and require “substantial new resources.” Greenberg said the department’s estimate of about $750,000 per biennium needed to implement any sort of landlord-tenant program was very conservative.
After the hearing, Schuler said federal fair housing laws don’t address business practices, which is what the three bills are attempting to address.
No action was taken by the committee on the bills after the public hearing.
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North Dakota
North Dakota State vs. Creighton (Jun 1, 2025) Live Score – ESPN

North Dakota
Social Media Reaction to Kansas Baseball Season Ending Loss to North Dakota State

Oregon getting eliminated as a regional host after two games is the biggest upset of the NCAA baseball tournament, but Kansas might be second.
The Jayhawks got crushed by Creighton, 11-4, on Friday in their first NCAA Tournament game since 2014 and lost to North Dakota State, 4-3, in an elimination game on Saturday, marking an end to arguably the second-best season in program history.
Despite getting eliminated from the NCAA Tournament on Saturday, Kansas set a school record and led the Big 12 with 20 conference wins and finished tied for second in program history with 43 total wins on the season.
Still, few expected the Jayhawks’ season to end the way it did — two straight losses in the NCAA tournament against teams they were favored to beat. And before the NCAA Tourney, Kansas got smoked by TCU, 11-1, in eight innings in the Big 12 Tournament Semifinals.
And social media did what it does best: let the world know how they feel, especially when they’re angry or disappointed.
That’s a tough pill to swallow, especially for a team that was projected to make it to the Regional Finals, and maybe even challenge Arkansas for the Regional crown.
The good news is that Head Coach Dan Fitzgerald has something going in Lawrence; now all he has to do is sustain it. Kansas should have a couple of players selected in July’s MLB Draft, but after starting the season 8-0, and cruising through the Big 12 during conference play, it’s hard to look at the Jayhawk season as a complete success.
North Dakota
Lawyers clash over claims that prosecutors concealed important evidence in 1986 North Dakota murder case
DEVILS LAKE, N.D. — Prosecutors told the lawyer of a man convicted of a brutal 1986 stabbing murder that all of the state’s evidence in the case against his client was available to the defense under his office’s “open file” policy.
Now, almost 40 years after the murder, lawyers for Werner Kunkel, who is serving a life sentence, are arguing that the prosecution concealed key evidence that could have established Kunkel’s innocence.
Todd Burianek, Kunkel’s trial lawyer, maintains in court papers that statements from three witnesses — if they had been made available to the defense — would have enabled him to better investigate and question the witnesses in the 1995 trial.
All three witnesses gave statements to the prosecution saying they had seen the murder victim in the case, Gilbert Fassett, alive after Aug. 1, 1986. The date is crucial because multiple trial witnesses testified that they last saw Fassett alive that night while drinking with Kunkel in Devils Lake bars.
“As I looked into the case, I was focused on any evidence that might have suggested that Mr. Fassett was alive after August 1, 1986,” Burianek said in a sworn statement in support of Kunkel’s petition for relief, which if granted could result in a new trial or dismissal of the charge.
Burianek’s statement was filed May 23 in Ramsey County District Court along with a brief by his current defense lawyers, Dane DeKrey of Moorhead and James Mayer of the Great North Innocence Project in Minneapolis.
Kunkel, who after his conviction for Fassett’s murder changed his last name to Rümmer, is serving his life sentence at the James River Correctional Center in Jamestown. He was once granted parole on the condition that he be sent to Germany, where he was born and has citizenship, but the parole board rescinded the decision.
The Forum wrote about controversies in the case in a special series published in July 2024 titled
Who Killed Eddie & Gilbert?
There were no eyewitnesses in the case. Kunkel’s conviction relied heavily on prison and jail informants — witnesses
Kunkel argued had ulterior motives for implicating him,
including lenient treatment for themselves or
settling a grudge against him.
Studies have shown that “jailhouse snitches” are often unreliable and their testimony has resulted in wrongful convictions.
In his recent statement, Burianek said he made standard discovery requests seeking, among other things, all witness statements and “whatever potentially exculpatory evidence” was in the possession of prosecutors or investigators.
Burianek was given access to case documents in the Ramsey County State’s Attorney’s Office.
“It was represented to me that this was ‘open file’ discovery,” Burianek said in his statement. “In other words, based on our communication and common practices at the time, I expected that any potentially exculpatory evidence in the possession of the State’s Attorney or law enforcement would be contained in the field that the State’s Attorney permitted me to review.”
Exculpatory evidence is any information that helps prove a defendant’s innocence in a criminal case. Prosecutors have a duty to hand over to the defense any exculpatory evidence — even without being asked — under a landmark 1963 Supreme Court case, Brady v. Maryland, which established the Brady Rule.
Doug Broden, Rümmer’s lawyer in a 2006 appeal, also said he “believed in good faith” that all of the documents had been provided earlier to Burianek by the Ramsey County State’s Attorney’s Office under its Brady Rule obligations.
The three witnesses, and other newly discovered exculpatory evidence, only became known after Kunkel’s current attorneys asked for and received the prosecution’s case file in 2023.
Contributed / North Dakota Court System
As previously reported by The Forum
, one of the newly discovered witness statements came from a National Guard member, who told investigators he picked up Fassett on Aug. 2 — a day after jurors were told that Kunkel murdered the victim. The guardsman remembered the date because he had to fly out later that day for training, an obligation that was confirmed by Guard records.
“The state compensated for the lack of eyewitness testimony or physical evidence against Werner by repeating for the jury the mantra that no one saw Fassett alive after he was seen with Werner on the night of August 1, 1986,” his lawyers wrote in a brief.
The statements by “three different witnesses who independently reported seeing Fassett alive after that night, puts the lie to the state’s primary trial theme,” his lawyers added.
In response to defense allegations that the state concealed exculpatory evidence, Daniel Howell of the Ramsey County State’s Attorney’s Office denied that prosecutors suppressed evidence.
“While the State cannot claim that this evidence would not have had some benefit to Petitioner at trial, its overall effect on the result of trial would have been negligible in light of the other evidence presented at trial and would not have affected the verdict,” Howell wrote.
The claims raised in the latest appeal could have been raised at trial or in earlier appeals, including the evidence discovered in 2023, under a discovery request, Howell argued.
“This request could have been made at any time since Kunkel’s conviction in 1995, and an attorney exercising reasonable diligence at Kunkel’s first and second post-conviction efforts would have done so,” Howell wrote.
“To rely on a case file that has changed possession several times over many years, without reviewing any possible discrepancies between said files and the State’s evidence and case file might raise issues of ineffective assistance of counsel,” Howell added.
The prosecution also argued in its brief that the issues raised in the latest appeal already had been litigated, and their assertion now is a misuse of process.
In rebuttal, defense lawyers argue in their brief that prosecutors have a duty to turn over any exculpatory evidence, regardless of whether the defense demands it, and Howell is trying to “shift responsibility for its due process violation onto Werner,” a “misapplication” of the Brady Rule.
“I believe that having the Brady material available to me would likely have made a difference at trial,” Burianek said in his statement. “Without it, I was unfairly hamstrung in my ability to respond to the State’s primary theme: that no one saw Mr. Fassett alive after the night of August 1, 1986.”
A clarifying statement by the pathologist who performed the autopsy on Fassett presented by defense lawyers in the latest appeal also helped to prove innocence, Rümmer’s lawyers argue. The liver showed no evidence of alcohol, and there was no detectable amount of alcohol in his system, according to the autopsy.
“Given Fassett’s obvious state of severe intoxication on the evening of August 1, 1986, the new evidence establishes that Werner did not kill Fassett that night as maintained by the state,” DeKrey and Mayer wrote in their brief.
In response, Howell said Rümmer’s lawyers failed to address “other possibilities to explain the lack of alcohol in Fassett’s liver.”
Prosecutors presented little physical evidence in their case. One critical piece was a bloody shirt Fassett was wearing when his body was discovered at Ski Jump Hill, a landmark on Spirit Lake Nation near Fort Totten.
Mayer and DeKrey wanted to have Fassett’s clothing tested to see if it contained any DNA
from his assailant, but the shirt was no longer available. The two lawyers claimed Fassett’s clothing and other physical evidence from the scene was “intentionally destroyed” in “bad faith,” violating Rümmer’s due process rights.
Contributed
In response, Howell argued that Rümmer “raises no excuse as to why DNA testing could not have been done in prior proceedings.” DeKrey and Mayer argued that the intentional destruction of the physical evidence after trial violated local, state and federal policies and practices.
Suppression of exculpatory evidence can be grounds for prosecutorial misconduct. Lonnie Olson was the Ramsey County state’s attorney who prosecuted Rümmer. Olson, who now is a district court judge in Devils Lake, has declined to comment on the suppression allegations.
District Judge Barbara Whelan, who is seated in Grafton, is the judge handling the appeal. No hearing has been scheduled to hear the arguments.
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