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'Worst ever’ debt crisis puts IDA’s financial model at risk, underscoring need for ambitious donor contributions to IDA21 replenishment – Bretton Woods Project

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'Worst ever’ debt crisis puts IDA’s financial model at risk, underscoring need for ambitious donor contributions to IDA21 replenishment – Bretton Woods Project

The 21st replenishment of the International Development Association’s (IDA21) – the World Bank’s low-income lending arm – due to conclude in December, takes place amid a worsening debt crisis. Even if IDA21 lives up to calls from World Bank President Ajay Banga for record breaking funding, the unfolding debt crisis will likely limit IDA’s ability to provide highly concessional loans and grants to its low-income country (LIC) members.

When an IDA country faces debt difficulties, its loans can be converted to grants, though this support is capped according to unpublished country quotas. From 2020 to 2022, as LICs struggled with the exogenous fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic and their debt situations worsened, the ratio of grants- to- loans in IDA’s portfolio rose from one-fourth to one-third. IDA began converting loans of moderately debt distressed LICs to 50-year credits instead of its usual mix of credits and grants which, according to Clemence Landers and Hannah Brown from US-based think tank Center for Global Development (CGD), should restore grants to a manageable level.

However, according to Development Finance International, the current debt crisis is the ‘worst ever’, with many LICs now paying more on debt servicing than on health, education, social protection and climate combined, meaning this crisis could place significant strain on IDA’s funding model.

The strength (and weakness) of IDA’s funding model: market-based finance

Since its 18th replenishment (2017-19), IDA has issued market debt backed by its equity base, mostly comprised of its outstanding loans (see Observer Winter 2017). This approach has allowed IDA to grow its resources to $185 billion. In IDA20, $23.5 billion of donor contributions were leveraged into a $93 billion replenishment, $33.5 billion in borrowing and $36 billion in reflows via repaid debt from IDA members. As long as grants are less than contributions, IDA does not have to dip into its equity base – but if it does, it could cause a larger contraction in its loan portfolio because its equity is the basis on which it raises market finance.

According to CGD’s calculations, a moderate worsening of LIC debt dynamics would require at least $36 billion in grants over the IDA21 replenishment cycle, requiring an additional $12 billion in contributions compared to IDA20 to avoid dipping into IDA’s equity base. A significant worsening would require at least $45 billion in grants over the replenishment cycle, requiring an additional $22 billion, compared to IDA20. As donor contributions to IDA have fallen by 20 per cent in real terms over the last decade and, as CGD notes, many large donors have signalled that reaching even the level of their contributions for IDA20 may prove difficult, even the moderate debt crisis scenario could significantly affect IDA.

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As debt repayments surge and capital flows turn net-negative, LICs have been forced to rely on IDA for affordable finance, while high-income countries have persistently failed to meet their 0.7 per cent GNP target for Official Development Assistance or agree on a new allocation of SDRs (see Observer Summer 2024).

Quality vs quantity

However, concerns about the size of the IDA21 replenishment should not obscure more fundamental questions of how effective IDA assistance has been: only 17 out of 81 IDA countries have graduated out of IDA eligibility since 1996 (see Observer Spring 2024).

IDA assistance remains linked to highly problematic policies that have a strong pro-liberalisation, deregulation and private sector bias. This has favoured profit extraction by international investors, been linked to the financialisation of Global South economies, and has failed to catalyse economic transformation (see Report, Financialisation, human rights and the Bretton Woods Institutions: An introduction for civil society organisations). This approach looks set to continue in IDA21, with the draft policy package released on 17 June containing numerous references to efforts to crowd in private finance into climate and development efforts.

“IDA is of critical importance for the 39 African states that rely on its financing. But just ensuring it can continue current levels of support is not enough,” noted Jane Nalunga of Ugandan civil society organisation SEATINI. “We need a better IDA, that actively supports their economic transformation, not just keeps them on life support, and to do this we need rich countries to increase their contributions to substantially reduce IDA’s reliance on market finance.”

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What falling wage growth says about where the U.S. economy is heading

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What falling wage growth says about where the U.S. economy is heading

Americans are getting smaller pay raises while tariffs and higher gas prices are threatening to make everything more expensive.

Translation: The affordability problem isn’t improving.

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New government data released Friday showed non-supervisory workers getting a 3.4% pay raise on average hourly earnings over the last year. That’s the slowest pace of wage gains since 2021, and a downshift from the last two years, when pay bumps were closer to 4%.

The slowdown comes as economists worry about rising inflation, with the Iran war choking off oil tankers and pushing gas prices up over $1 per gallon in just a month, to a national average of $4.09 on Friday.

As diesel costs break $5.50 a gallon (compared to just $3.89 a month ago), retailers and grocers are now contending with higher transportation costs. Amazon said Thursday it will begin charging sellers a 3.5% “fuel and logistics-related surcharge” beginning on April 17.

Airlines like United and JetBlue are raising bag fees in an effort to offset sky-high jet fuel costs. The International Air Transport Association says the price of jet fuel is up 104% in the past month.

“With the recent uptick in inflation driven by energy prices, real wage growth is likely to decelerate further, putting increased pressure on consumers,” said Thrivent’s chief financial and investment officer, David Royal.

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For now, Americans are still seeing their earnings rise at a faster pace than the increase in price tags at the store. As pay rose by 3.4%, the most recent inflation data showed prices rising by 2.4% year-over-year.

Wage gains for non-supervisory employees — a category that includes roughly four out of every five non-farm workers — have been outpacing price increases since March 2023, when post-pandemic inflation finally began to cool.

But the concern is that the story could change soon. Because of the bump from oil prices, Navy Federal Credit Union Chief Economist Heather Long said it’s possible inflation could pace at 4% this month.

“Four percent is above that 3.5 percent annual wage gain, and that’s where you see a lot of squeeze on workers, particularly middle-class and moderate-income workers,” Long said.

Warning signs are flashing that slowing wage growth could ripple beyond the gas station and prices at the grocery store. Higher mortgage rates now have some worried about icing out even more potential homebuyers.

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The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate rose from 5.99% at the start of the war to 6.45% on April 3, according to Mortgage News Daily. The rise is due in part to concerns that the Federal Reserve will have to raise interest rates to tamp down on war-driven inflation.

“With choppy job growth, weaker labor-force attachment and rising uncertainty, many households — especially renters and first-time buyers — could become more cautious as weaker inflation-adjusted wages erode recent affordability improvements,” said Zillow senior economist Orphe Divounguy.

If wages can’t keep up with rising costs across the board, it’s likely that affordability will become a larger issue than it already was prior to the war. An NBC News poll conducted during the first week of the war with Iran found that, for a plurality of respondents, inflation and the cost of living was the most important issue facing the country.

Economists feel the same way.

Responding to a question from NBC News at a March 18 news conference, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell noted that “real” wage gains — a measure of wages adjusted for inflation — need to be positive in order for Americans to feel better about affordability.

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“it will take some years of positive real earning gains for people to feel good again, we think. But you’re right — when you talk to people, they do feel squeezed,” Powell said.

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Focus Wealth Management Appoints Henry Kim as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Compliance

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Focus Wealth Management Appoints Henry Kim as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Compliance

TORONTO, April 4, 2026 /CNW/ – Focus Wealth Management is pleased to announce that Henry Kim has joined the firm as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Compliance. In his new role, Mr. Kim will oversee the firm’s finance, governance, and compliance functions, further strengthening operational and investment processes across the organization.

Henry Kim, Focus Wealth Management (CNW Group/Focus Wealth Management)

Mr. Kim previously served as Chief Financial Officer of the University Pension Plan of Ontario and as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer at CGOV Asset Management. He also held the role of Director, Investment Finance at CPP Investments and began his career in Assurance and Advisory Services at Deloitte & Touche.

“Henry’s expertise in finance and governance makes him an invaluable addition to our leadership team,” said Greg Thompson, Executive Chairman. “His appointment strengthens our operational and compliance framework while supporting our mission to deliver aligned, long-term investment outcomes for our clients.”

Mr. Kim holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the University of Western Ontario and an MBA from the University of Toronto. He is a Chartered Professional Accountant and serves on the Board of Directors of Lumenus Mental Health, Development and Community Services as Chair of the Finance and Audit Committee and Treasurer.

Focus Wealth Management is a privately owned and independently operated firm located in Toronto.

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Focus Wealth Management (CNW Group/Focus Wealth Management)
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View original content to download multimedia: http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2026/04/c7403.html

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Financial Health Review Team Charts Course for Remainder of Review Period – East Lansing Info

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Financial Health Review Team Charts Course for Remainder of Review Period – East Lansing Info



A committee appointed by the East Lansing City Council to review local finances is poised to make recommendations about the city’s income tax, facility sales and much more over the next three months. 

During the first half of its six-month review period, the committee has spent hours hearing presentations on city department budgets, employee benefits and other components of the city budget. Next, the committee will discuss the information it has gathered and make recommendations for the City Council to consider. 

At its meeting on Thursday, the committee created a list of topics it will discuss over the remainder of its review period. Many of the discussions were brief and did not indicate what recommendations the committee may make. Still, the conversations were helpful to understand the types of changes the city may make to address a structural budget deficit. 

New recommendations for the income tax could be coming. 

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In 2018, East Lansing voters allowed the city to implement an income tax of 1% on residents and .5% on non-residents. The tax allowed the city to tax Michigan State University employees and was paired with a five-mill reduction to the city’s property tax cap. 

After the income tax reimburses the general fund for revenue lost by the property tax reduction, 60% of the tax goes to paying down the city’s pension liability, 20% goes to police and fire and 20% goes towards infrastructure. 

A graphic included in last year’s budget presentation that shows how income tax revenue is allocated.

Since the tax was put in place, it has been a lifeline for city finances, generating millions of dollars in additional income each year. The tax is set to sunset at the end of 2030, unless it is renewed by voters.

The committee could make recommendations about whether or not to put the income tax on the ballot for renewal and if the revenue should be used in a different way than it is currently. The committee is set to discuss the income tax at its next meeting on April 16. 

More regional collaboration on the horizon?

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The committee was initially set to discuss creating authorities by working with other municipalities at Thursday’s meeting. However, East Lansing Chief Financial Officer Audrey Kincade said city attorneys did not respond to a request to come to the committee meeting, delaying the discussion.

Committee Chair Jill Rhode said the review team will later discuss if it would save the city money to work with other jurisdictions to create a parks or fire authority, and if local district courts should be combined.

The committee will look into revenue from MSU. 

The impact Michigan State University has on the city’s finances has been widely discussed in city meetings, as the university is East Lansing’s top employer and contributes much of the income tax gains. MSU also relies on city services and land on its campus is not subject to property taxes. 

Rhode said she wonders if there’s a way to put a surcharge on MSU event tickets. She clarified she is not sure if this is a possibility, but would like to ask city attorneys about it. 

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The committee will also discuss revenue sharing between the state and city. Previously, discussions at committee meetings and City Council have raised questions about if East Lansing receives enough money for the services it provides to MSU’s campus, including fire services. 

Recommending changes to employee benefits will be considered. 

The cost of benefits for city employees has long been central in discourse about the city’s financial challenges, as unfunded pension liability is one of the main reasons for East Lansing’s budget troubles. 

Rhode said the city should also look at how it funds post-employment benefits, saying the city would save money by fully funding its plan. While the city doesn’t currently have money to fully fund the plan, it could look at making adjustments like redirecting funds from the income tax if voters renew it.

Rhode also suggested the committee examine the cost of other employee benefits, like health insurance. 

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“I was surprised that employees contribute nothing to health insurance, I think that is extremely rare,” she said. “I think we should address that and look at it and figure out why that is here.”

Committee member Ann Holmes also suggested the committee examine the city’s practices for reviewing new hires and major expenses from year-to-year. This could mean putting a hiring freeze or reassessing expenses at the start of a new fiscal year. 

Mayor asks the committee to give recommendation on business fees. 

Last budget season, the city installed a new business fee model that aimed to charge bars that saw more public safety issues than others. The Downtown Development Authority contributed $200,000 for police overtime on Thursday through Saturday nights and other busy days downtown. After the $200,000 is expended, businesses are to pay for ELPD overtime costs associated with calls to their business. 

The fee applies to businesses with an entertainment license, which includes bars. However, these businesses can choose to pay a fee that is based on occupancy instead

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The fee structure for businesses with an entertainment license, which includes bars. (From city’s website)

The fee structure was controversial, as some business owners said at city meetings that police calls to incidents near their bars were incorrectly attributed to them and they already pay high taxes. Some also worried the structure would be a disincentive to call the police. 

At Thursday’s meeting, Mayor Erik Altmann requested the committee look into a business fee structure that would increase fees for businesses that need police services more often. 

“I think there’s a question about whether fees for public safety are allocated appropriately to consumers of public safety services in our downtown,” Altmann said. “There are a couple of bars in particular that consume a lot of public safety services.”

Committee to review DEI department. 

Committee member David Lancaster asked that the group discuss the city’s Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Department at a future meeting. 

“I wonder why we have a DEI department,” he said. “I would think… since 2020 [when the department was added] that anything should be ingrained into personnel policies, and that would seem to be the responsibility of the personnel department and the city manager.” 

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The exchange was brief and it’s unclear what recommendations could be made to the DEI department, but Rhode did add it to the list of topics the committee will discuss. 

Recommendations could be issued about taking on debt for facility improvements. 

At a discussion-only City Council meeting last month, the body discussed potentially spending upwards of $30 million facility improvements to City Hall, the Hannah Community Center, the fire station, recreational facilities and parking garages. 

The cost of a 20 and 25-year bonds with improvements to the third floor of the Hannah Community Center. (From agenda)
The cost of a 20 and 25-year bonds without improvements to the third floor of the Hannah Community Center. (From agenda)

Prior to Thursday’s meeting, Belleman provided the committee with a memo that clarified the costs for the improvements would be absorbed by the city’s budget, not paid for by a property tax increase. 

The facility improvements would be paid for using a 20 or 25-year bond. Paying for the improvements through a bond would spread the cost out over decades, but add millions in interest payments. 

Should the city sell properties?

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When the city previously discussed using a bond to pay for infrastructure improvements, Altmann floated the idea of selling properties like the Aquatic Center, Soccer Complex and even Hannah Community Center. 

At Thursday’s meeting, Altmann said he thinks the sale of city assets must be discussed by the committee. It was explained that in order for the city to sell properties, voters must first approve the sale on a ballot. 

Councilmember Mark Meadows said another option to reduce the cost of operating facilities could be contracting with a third-party company to manage them. 

Committee to talk about severity of financial challenges, previous review. 

Committee Vice Chair Roberta Jameson was not at Thursday’s meeting, but Rhode said Jameson has reviewed recent city budgets and sent questions to try to determine the extent of the city’s financial woes. 

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A financial forecast presented to the City Council earlier this year projected East Lansing will be bankrupt within five years if it does not make adjustments. However, in recent years budget projections showing large losses have not come to fruition. 

City Manager Robert Belleman previously said the discrepancy between budget projections and year-end results has largely been due to vacant positions and delaying major projects. 

Previously, the committee recommended the city start using a “vacancy factor” for budgeting. A vacancy factor would attempt to account for vacant positions during the budget process, and give the city a more accurate look at its finances at the start of the fiscal year. 

In addition to Jameson’s coming report, the committee will review recommendations from a Financial Health Review Team that made recommendations about a decade ago. The committee will see what suggestions were made and if the city put these recommendations into place.

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