Finance

Haynes Boone on the future of fund finance

Published

1 year ago

July 31, 2024

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Haynes Boone on the future of fund finance

This article is sponsored by Haynes Boone

Albert Tan

As an asset class, private capital has experienced exponential growth in the past few decades, more than doubling its assets under management from less than $10 trillion globally in 2012 to more than $24 trillion in 2022. The fund finance industry has grown alongside it, starting from a nascent product in the late 1980s to an almost universal part in every fund’s capital structure today.

Fund sponsors now routinely include ‘bankable provisions’ for subscription line facility lenders in fund documents as anticipation for the use of this product by each of their funds, and are increasingly adding flexibility to expressly pledge their assets for use in net asset value (NAV) facilities.

Latest estimates put the global fund finance industry at more than $1 trillion. Many leading lenders in the space are operating at their maximum internal capital allocation. Nevertheless, they want to continue to maintain and expand their relationships with key sponsors. To that end, these institutions are turning to structured finance tools to reduce their capital reserve requirements, including credit facility ratings, conduit lending structures, securitizations, silent participations and capital relief trades.
Several leading rating agencies have expanded the scope of finance products they rate to include subscription line facilities, collateralized fund obligations and NAV financings. Once a predominantly European concept, ratings have been gaining ground in North America, with public and private ratings being requested by both borrowers and lenders. This trend is an attempt to attract different lenders, allow for higher holds from syndicate members due to enhanced capital treatment and offer more competitive pricing and terms.
Aleksandra Kopec

Securitizations, capital relief trades and other capital market solutions are being explored by banks to help alleviate capital reserve requirement constraints. Early users of these tools are facing difficulties securitizing portfolios of facilities in an industry with private and bespoke terms, but as the pressure for solutions offering capital relief increases, the industry may begin to coalesce around a set of standardized terms that allows these capital market solutions to flourish.
Finally, a somewhat recent development in the industry has been the introduction of various non-bank lenders, primarily insurance companies. This has come with its own set of challenges, including the need to structure some deals with term and revolver components or include USD and alternative currency tranche lenders. But it has also come with opportunities to syndicate deals to a much broader pool of institutions.
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NAV financings

The growth in NAV financings reminds market participants of the early stages of subscription line facilities. Many of the same criticisms once levied against subscription line facilities (which are now an industry-wide accepted and beneficial leverage and cash management tool) are being raised with respect to NAV financings. Despite all the criticisms, there has been growth on both the supply and demand side for NAV financings, with lenders and borrowers highlighting the legitimate uses and trying to educate LPs, rating agencies, regulators and others on the benefits of this form of leverage.
More than 70 percent of sponsors and lenders at NAVember (an annual NAV-focused event hosted by Haynes Boone) expected growth in their NAV financings portfolio in 2024. Lenders that offer this product include traditional subscription line lenders expanding into NAV financings, but also specialized non-bank lenders, offering flexible and tailored terms and structures.
Interest rate environment

Rising interest rates and higher pricing has been one of the most significant changes in the fund finance market in recent years. Our data shows that pricing has largely stabilized over the last two quarters, after adjusting for the anticipated regulations surrounding the capital reserve requirements that banks must hold for these products and some of the supply side issues caused by regional bank failures in 2023. While rates and pricing have increased at a much faster rate than prior business cycles, it’s important to note that current rates are not unprecedented, and markets have weathered high rates in the past and continue to do so.
Brent Shultz

Funds are still actively utilizing the product, with industry surveys from H1 2024 indicating that 81 percent of PE funds are maintaining the use of their subscription line facilities notwithstanding the higher interest rate environment and, as of September 2023, more than 95 percent of private capital funds have access to subscription credit facilities. A survey by Haynes Boone of 120 sponsors, lenders and other fund finance market participants found that 74 percent of institutions are expecting some level of growth in their fund finance exposure in 2024, with 63 percent expecting an overall increase in the fund finance market in 2024.
And even if pricing does not return to the lower levels seen in the past decade, subscription line financings still provide certainty and flexibility of funding, quick access to liquidity and reduce the administrative burden. With higher rates, funds are more judicious on the sizes of their facilities and increasing/decreasing the size to better match their predicted needs, and also on the tenor of outstanding borrowings.
Geographic expansion

The fund finance industry is well established in North America and Europe, with the Fund Finance Association hosting its 13th and eighth annual symposium in these respective geographies. Additionally, the Asia-Pacific region has been an area of recent growth, both domestically in APAC, but also with regional lenders entering the European and North American markets. This year, there was enough interest and participation in the Japanese market for FFA to launch a separate fund finance conference focused on Japanese sponsors, lenders and investors, and a discussion on some of the nuances and market practices in Japan – in addition to FFA hosting its sixth annual Asia-Pacific symposium in Singapore.
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With the continued expansion of private capital and renewed fundraising efforts on specific types of investors and new geographies, fund finance lenders are adapting to the regional needs of private capital firms and the shifting supply and demand of financing in different regions, while law firms are expanding and gaining expertise across various jurisdictions as a response to the increased diversification of investor jurisdictions that funds are exploring.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is poised to disrupt almost all industries and markets, and the private capital, banking and legal industries are no exception.
In the coming years, funds will develop AI tools to analyze potential deals and suggest optimal leverage levels/techniques and employ AI strategies to add value to existing portfolio companies. Lenders will utilize AI to assist with diligence and underwriting, monitor portfolio exposure and run risk assessments. Lawyers and law firms will use AI to assist with due diligence, drafting and negotiating documents, reviewing large volumes of data, and more readily identify market trends. Although AI cannot replace the judgment, experience, common sense and analytical capabilities of our industry’s experts, it will continue to be a tool to enhance those capabilities and become more accurate, efficient and productive.

Albert Tan is a partner and co-head of fund finance, and Aleksandra Kopec and Brent Shultz are partners in fund finance, at Haynes Boone

Related Topics:ai Fund Finance NAV & Preferred Equity sponsored

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Finance

3 finance stocks to buy on rising 10-year Treasury rates

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8 hours ago

December 14, 2025

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The Federal Reserve gave investors an early Christmas present by lowering interest rates by 25 basis points (i.e., 0.25%) marking its third rate cut this year. In the past, a change like this in the “long end” of the interest rate yield curve has triggered a predictable, investable pattern. Typically, this pattern would be bearish for finance stocks, particularly banks—investors would buy bank stocks when rates rose and sell them as rates fell….

Finance

Reservists’ families protest outside Finance Minister’s home

Published

20 hours ago

December 13, 2025

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Reservists’ families protest outside Finance Minister’s home

Dozens of protesters from the “Religious Zionist Reservists Forum” and the “Shared Service Forum” demonstrated Saturday evening outside the home of Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich in Kedumim.

The protesters arrived with a direct and pointed message, centered on a symbolic “draft order,” calling on Smotrich to “enlist” on behalf of the State of Israel and oppose what they termed the “sham law” being advanced by MK Boaz Bismuth and the Knesset’s haredi parties.

Among the protesters in Kedumim were the parents of Sergeant First Class (res.) Amichai Oster, who fell in battle in Gaza. Amichai grew up in Karnei Shomron and studied at the Shavei Hevron yeshiva.

Protesters held signs reading: “Smotrich, enlist for us,” along with the symbolic “draft order,” calling on him to “enlist for the sake of the State’s security and to save the people’s army – stand against the bill proposed by Bismuth and the haredim!”

Parallel demonstrations were held outside the homes of MK Ohad Tal in Efrat and MK Michal Woldiger in Givat Shmuel.

Representatives of the “Shared Service Forum” said: “We are members of the public that contributes the most, and we came here to say: Bezalel, without enlistment there will be no victory and no security. Do not abandon our values for the sake of the coalition. The exemption law is a strategic threat, and you bear the responsibility to stop it and lead a real, fair draft plan for a country in which we are all partners. It’s in your hands.”

Finance

Banking on carbon markets 2.0: why financial institutions should engage with carbon credits | Fortune

Published

1 day ago

December 13, 2025

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Banking on carbon markets 2.0: why financial institutions should engage with carbon credits | Fortune

The global carbon market is at an inflection point as discussions during the recent COP meeting in Brazil demonstrated.

After years of negotiations over carbon market rules under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, countries are finally moving on to the implementation phase, with more than 30 countries already developing Article 6 strategies. At the same time, the voluntary market is evolving after a period of intense scrutiny over the quality and integrity of carbon credit projects.

The era of Carbon Markets 2.0 is characterised by high integrity standards and is increasingly recognised as critical to meeting the emission reduction goals of the Paris Agreement.

And this ongoing transition presents enormous opportunities for financial institutions to apply their expertise to professionalise the trade of carbon credits and restore confidence in the market.

The engagement of banks, insurance companies, asset managers and others can ensure that carbon markets evolve with the same discipline, risk management, and transparency that define mature financial systems while benefitting from new business opportunities.

Carbon markets 2.0

Carbon markets are an untapped opportunity to deliver climate action at speed and scale. Based on solutions available now, they allow industries to take action on emissions for which there is currently no or limited solution, complementing their decarbonization programs and closing the gap between the net zero we need to achieve and the net zero that is possible now. They also generate debt-free climate finance for emerging and developing economies to support climate-positive growth – all of which is essential for the global transition to net zero.

Despite recent slowdowns in carbon markets, the volume of credit retirements, representing delivered, verifiable climate action, was higher in the first half of 2025 than in any prior first half-year on record. Corporate climate commitments are increasing, driving significant demand for carbon credits to help bridge the gap on the path to meeting net-zero goals.

According to recent market research from the Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity initiative (VCMI), businesses are now looking for three core qualities in the market to further rebuild their trust: stability, consistency, and transparency – supported by robust infrastructure. These elements are vital to restoring investor confidence and enabling interoperability across markets.

MSCI estimates that the global carbon credit market could grow from $1.4 billion in 2024 to up to $35 billion by 2030 and between $40 billion and $250 billion by 2050. Achieving such growth will rely on institutions equipped with capital, analytical rigour, risk frameworks, and market infrastructure.

Carbon Markets 2.0 will both benefit from and rely on the participation of financial institutions. Now is the time for them to engage, support the growth and professionalism of this nascent market, and, in doing so, benefit from new business opportunities.

The opportunity

Institutional capital has a unique role to play in shaping the carbon market as it grows. Financial institutions can go beyond investing or lending to high-quality projects by helping build the infrastructure that will enable growth at scale. This includes insurance, aggregation platforms, verification services, market-making capacity, and long-term investment vehicles.

By applying their expertise and understanding of the data and infrastructure required for a functioning, transparent market, financial institutions can help accelerate the integration of carbon credits into the global financial architecture.

As global efforts to decarbonise intensify, high-integrity carbon markets offer financial institutions a pathway to deliver tangible climate impact, support broader social and nature-positive goals, and unlock new sources of revenue, such as:

Leveraging core competencies for market growth, including advisory, lending, project finance, asset management, trading, market access, and risk management solutions.
Unlocking new commercial pathways and portfolio diversification beyond existing business models, supporting long-term growth, and facilitating entry into emerging decarbonisation-driven markets.
Securing first-mover advantage, helping to shape norms, gain market share, and capture opportunities across advisory, structuring, and product innovation.
Deepening client engagement by helping clients navigate carbon markets to add strategic value and strengthen long-term relationships.

Harnessing the opportunity

To make the most of these opportunities, financial institutions should consider engagements in high-integrity carbon markets to signal confidence and foster market stability. Visible participation, such as integrating high-quality carbon credits into institutional climate strategies, can help normalise the voluntary use of carbon credits alongside decarbonisation efforts and demonstrate leadership in climate-aligned financial practices.

Financial institutions can also deliver solutions that reduce market risk and improve project bankability. For instance, de-risking mechanisms like carbon credit insurance can mitigate performance, political, and delivery risks, addressing one of the core challenges holding back investments in carbon projects.

Additionally, diversified funding structures, including blended finance and concessional capital, can lower the cost of capital and de-risk early-stage startups. Fixed-price offtake agreements with investment-grade buyers and the use of project aggregation platforms can improve cash flow predictability and risk distribution, further enhancing bankability.

By structuring investments into carbon project developers, funds, or the broader market ecosystem, financial institutions can unlock much-needed finance and create an investable pathway for nature and carbon solutions.

For instance, earlier this year JPMorgan Chase struck a long-term offtake agreement for carbon credits tied to CO₂ capture, blending its roles as investor and market facilitator. Standard Chartered is also set to sell jurisdictional forest credits on behalf of the Brazilian state of Acre, while embedding transparency, local consultation, and benefit-sharing into the deal. These examples offer promising precedents in demonstrating that institutions can act not only as financiers but as integrators of high-integrity carbon markets.

The institutions that lead the growth of carbon markets will not only drive climate and nature outcomes but also unlock strategic commercial advantages in an emerging and rapidly evolving asset class.

However, the window to secure first-mover advantage is narrow: carbon markets are now shifting from speculation to implementation. Now is the moment for financial institutions to move from the sidelines and into leadership, helping shape the future of high-integrity carbon markets while capturing the opportunities they offer.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.