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Crypto
Is Crypto Legal in Norway? EY Explains the Regulations
Global Legal Insight publishes a yearly print-and-digital series that investigates urgent themes in business and law with contributions from legal experts worldwide. In the 2025 volume on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency, Ernst & Young Tax and Law Norway wrote the country chapter, which addresses whether cryptocurrency is lawful in Norway and surveys how cryptoassets are positioned domestically under Norwegian regulation.
Norway generally permits cryptoasset ownership and trading, while placing the strongest compliance expectations on intermediaries that exchange, safeguard, or facilitate transfers for others.
Cryptocurrency Regulation in Norway: Institutions and Policy Signals
The chapter presents perspectives from the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway, the Ministry of Finance, and the Norwegian Central Bank on current market conditions and responsible approaches to a fast‑moving sector. It also distills the operative legal framework and key tax rules for digital assets. In practice, the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway is the primary supervisory body for many compliance questions that arise when a business provides crypto-related services (for example, exchange services or custody-like safeguarding for clients), while tax reporting and assessment are handled by the Norwegian Tax Administration.
For crypto businesses, the most relevant requirements typically relate to anti-money laundering compliance, including customer due diligence, transaction monitoring, and internal controls. Businesses that provide exchange services between cryptoassets and fiat currency, or that provide services for holding or administering cryptoassets on behalf of others, may need to register with the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway before offering services, and should be prepared to document ownership and management, governance arrangements, risk assessments, routines for customer checks, and recordkeeping. If you are looking for a “crypto license” in Norway, the practical path is usually a registration-based process tied to anti-money laundering obligations rather than a single, universal license for all crypto activity.
Legal Status and Compliance Overview
This piece is a practical reference for readers seeking clarity on how Norway governs crypto asset activity. It delivers a concise, trustworthy roundup of regulation in Norway, touching on consumer protection and practical themes for participants in digital finance. For individuals, that often means understanding which activities are permitted, how to document transactions, and which authorities oversee intermediaries versus taxation.
From a consumer-use perspective, self-custody wallets such as Trust Wallet are generally available in Norway through standard app distribution channels, and individuals commonly use them as they do in other markets. Using a self-custody wallet does not typically require registration by the individual, but it does not remove tax obligations or documentation expectations; users should keep clear records of purchases, transfers, swaps, and disposals so gains, losses, and income can be reported correctly. Some banks and payment providers may apply their own risk controls around transfers to and from crypto platforms, so users may encounter practical friction even when the underlying activity is lawful.
PayPal availability for purchasing Bitcoin in Norway depends on the specific service route. Some crypto platforms may support PayPal-funded purchases or deposits in certain cases, but many do not due to chargeback and fraud-risk controls, and availability can vary by provider and user verification status. Where PayPal is supported, users should expect identity checks, potentially higher fees, and limits that depend on the platform’s compliance and risk settings.
To buy Tether in Norway, individuals typically use a crypto exchange or broker that lists the stablecoin and supports onboarding for Norwegian residents. The usual flow is to complete identity verification on the platform, fund the account using the supported payment method (commonly bank transfer or card, depending on the provider), and then place an order for the stablecoin. Practical banking considerations can matter, including a bank’s willingness to process payments to particular platforms and the platform’s own requirements for source-of-funds information.
Bitcoin mining is generally lawful in Norway, but it can trigger ordinary business, tax, and local compliance considerations depending on scale (for example, zoning, noise, and commercial electricity arrangements). Norway’s electricity pricing is market-based and can be attractive in some regions, but miners should not assume dedicated government subsidies specific to crypto mining; any favorable power costs typically come from standard industrial contracts, local grid conditions, or general schemes that are not exclusive to mining and may change based on policy and eligibility criteria.
On taxation, cryptoassets are generally treated as taxable assets in Norway, and taxpayers are expected to report disposals and income tied to crypto activity. As a rule of thumb, gains and losses on sales, exchanges between cryptoassets, and spending crypto can be taxable events, while income-like receipts (such as rewards that function like compensation or yield) may be taxed when received, with later disposal potentially creating an additional gain or loss based on value changes. The applicable tax rate will typically follow the ordinary income tax rate for individuals, and accurate recordkeeping is essential for cost basis, acquisition dates, fees, and fair value at the time of each taxable event.
Legal ways to reduce crypto-related taxes in Norway tend to be documentation- and planning-driven rather than loophole-driven. Common approaches include ensuring all allowable losses are captured and reported, deducting eligible transaction costs where permitted, maintaining consistent cost-basis tracking so gains are not overstated, and planning disposals with an eye to offsetting gains with realized losses when that matches the taxpayer’s broader financial situation. For higher-activity traders or mining operations, it can also be important to assess whether the activity resembles a business in substance, since that can affect how income, expenses, and reporting are treated under Norwegian rules.
Crypto
Bitcoin’s Stumble Looks Graceful Next to Zcash’s Faceplant — Week in Review
Bitcoin capitulated below its 200-week moving average with a big red candle, trading at $62,495 as of Friday morning. Ethereum saw similar blood, and the altcoin sector in general collapsed further, even the outliers that were shining in previous weeks.
Meanwhile, the stock market continued its parabolic ascent, with the S&P 500, Nasdaq, and Dow Jones all hitting new record levels yet again.
Traditional markets look unstoppable. The S&P 500 is on track for its longest weekly winning streak since 1985. But under the hood, folks like Jim Bianco worry that the entire rally is a one-trick pony. The concentration of money in AI is at historic highs. Space is hot too, led by the imminent SpaceX IPO, with fuel added to the fire by the likes of Fidelity. Even if the current software-focused AI trade cools off, the current trade could pivot heavily towards physical AI – robotics.
There are economic rumblings of discontent. Bernie Sanders has introduced the “American AI Sovereign Wealth Fund Act,” proposing to confiscate 50% of the equity in leading AI companies. The K-shaped economy is intensifying, with small businesses entirely left out of the recent uptick in hiring, marking the worst job outlook since May 2020. Pimco’s chief investment officer has warned that the first sustained credit default cycle in years has begun.
Against this backdrop, crypto is suffering a severe crisis of faith, tipped over the edge by the one-two punch of Saylor selling Bitcoin and the announcement that Zcash had a 4 year double-spend exploit. Here’s a good overview to understand the Zcash bug. In a bitter twist of fate, Taiki Maeda announced he had rotated heavily into Zcash (ZEC) because Saylor fumbled his thesis.
Sentiment was already low, but this bug and the subsequent ongoing price waterfalls is sending it lower, exacerbated by the divergence with equities. While the Nasdaq 100 hits fresh records fueled by AI, Bitcoin and crypto are cratering.
The on-chain data is ugly. Cycle-top buyers who held through the drawdown are finally capitulating, with Glassnode reporting that aggregated realized losses have spiked to $1.3B/day. Long-term bulls are openly stating they aren’t sure Bitcoin recovers this time, or lamenting the opportunity cost of holding Bitcoin while the AI trade minted millionaires. The problems aren’t just price action; fundamental concerns are mounting, as outlined in a viral thread detailing Bitcoin’s current structural issues. Crypto tourists like Brent Johnson are contemplating scenarios where MicroStrategy (MSTR) drops to single-digit support levels.
There are glimmers of hope. DonAlt, the legendary duck, says he will buy “properly” if the weekly candle closes above $71K. That seems all but impossible now, but not in the next couple of weeks. Saifedean Ammous argues that the ultimate backstop remains intact: the narrative that nation-states will buy Bitcoin precisely because it is an asset that cannot be seized by foreign adversaries. The ZEC failure, and a failure all privacy coins suffer currently, strengthens Bitcoin’s primacy as the de facto digital asset store of value.
The altcoin market is faring worse, of course. Delphi Digital declared what we already knew: airdrops don’t work and only create sellers. Builders are exhausted. Algod took to X to voice his frustration with the Bittensor ecosystem, citing unclear conviction and iteration fatigue, while noting that he still holds nearly an ATH amount of TAO but feels his conviction is being seriously tested by a lack of builder incentives.
The old guard of projects are soldiering on. Ryan Sean Adams continues to argue that Ethereum’s value capture mechanism is its use as money—a SoV, MoE, or unit of account. Justin Drake released a long post on the Google quantum computing breakthrough that made many feel Ethereum’s got a great game plan vis-à-vis Bitcoin. Meanwhile, Charles Hoskinson had to clarify that he is not leaving Cardano after ADA dropped 94% back to 2020 levels, prompting critics to beg him to just stop talking.
In a perfect summation of the market’s current feeling, Carl The Moon is officially pivoting to a music career.
Despite the gloom, Hunter Horsley is right: there is a quiet changing of the guard underway in crypto.
The brightest spot is Hyperliquid. HYPE broke all-time highs, proving that tokens can actually perform if they don’t have horrendous tokenomics. Its perpetual volume market share versus centralized exchanges hit 7%. The success even caught the attention of tradfi royalty, with ICE’s Jeff Sprecher noting that it’s bigger than NASDAQ with only 11 people.
But not everyone is convinced. Kyle Samani declared that Hyperliquid is just “Binance 2.0” and will fail due to its centralized technical decisions. This triggered Arthur Hayes to challenge Mr. Samani to a $100k charity wager that HYPE outperforms any top-ten crypto.
Despite this belief in HYPE, Mr. Hayes went from proclaiming “$HYPE to $150”, only to completely dump his HYPE position four days later. In other negative HYPE news, the UK’s FCA published a warning designating Hyperliquid as an unauthorized firm.
Meanwhile in CEX land, Binance announced stock trading on its platform, prompting jokes of being a little late to the party. Coinbase made waves by backing Ethena with open market purchases of ENA.
Perhaps the most fascinating infrastructure shift is the maturity of prediction markets. They’re no longer just for degenerate gambling; they are being actively used for hedging. Rob Hadick notes the sheer volume of teams building sophisticated institutional tooling to place hedging contracts. In a great real-world application, an NYC bar used Kalshi to hedge giving away free drinks if the Knicks win.
Let’s end on some hopium. Chris Perkins pondered whether we might be entering an “alt fundamentals szn” where real product-market fit actually matters. And the hosts of Forward Guidance argued that the massive, concentrated profits currently locked in AI and semis could eventually rotate back to the comparatively starved crypto markets.
-David Sencil
Crypto
From banks to blockchains: US opens new front in Iran sanctions
The US Treasury designated Nobitex alongside Wallex, Bitpin and Ramzinex and sanctioned senior figures connected to Nobitex, including chairman, co-founder and former chief executive Amir Hossein Rad.
According to the Treasury, Nobitex processed more than half of all Iranian digital asset inflows in 2025. Washington also accused it of facilitating transactions linked to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), sanctions evasion, ransomware activity and the Central Bank of Iran’s access to hundreds of millions of dollars in stablecoins.
The sanctions therefore struck at part of the infrastructure that has allowed Iranian individuals, companies and state-linked actors to access international digital asset markets despite years of financial restrictions.
Crypto vs sanctions
Iran’s interest in cryptocurrency is not difficult to explain. Sanctions have sharply limited access to international banking networks, dollar transactions, trade finance and oil revenues. Digital assets do not eliminate these constraints but can provide alternative channels for moving value across borders.
Cryptocurrencies and stablecoins can help facilitate transactions, preserve value and maintain access to foreign markets. Stablecoins are particularly attractive because they reduce exposure to price volatility while still operating outside traditional correspondent banking networks.
Crypto mining has also become part of Iran’s sanctions-evasion toolkit. By using subsidized electricity to mine Bitcoin, Iran can effectively convert domestic energy resources into a globally transferable digital asset.
The strategy comes with costs. Mining places additional strain on Iran’s electricity grid and has been linked to power shortages and public frustration. Yet for a sanctioned economy, the logic remains compelling: when access to conventional finance is restricted, any mechanism capable of transforming local resources into internationally usable value becomes strategically important.
Hormuz and crypto
Cryptocurrency has also emerged in discussions surrounding the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most important energy chokepoints.
Chainalysis reported recently that Iran intended to demand cryptocurrency payments from oil tankers seeking safe passage through the strait during periods of heightened tension. Whether such plans were fully implemented is less important than what they reveal about the potential role of digital assets in future geopolitical confrontations.
For Tehran, cryptocurrency offers several advantages in such scenarios. Payments can move rapidly across borders, avoid some traditional banking restrictions and reduce exposure to frozen accounts or conventional financial controls.
The prospect of crypto-based payments linked to maritime security demonstrates how digital assets could potentially be used not only to move money quietly but also to generate revenue during periods of geopolitical crisis.
The US Treasury has warned of sanctions risks associated with Iranian demands for transit-related payments through the Strait of Hormuz, including payments made through digital assets, fiat currency, offsets, swaps or other arrangements.
Blockchain evasion limits
Despite its advantages, cryptocurrency is not a magic shield against sanctions.
Blockchain transactions often leave traces that can be analyzed by firms such as Chainalysis and Elliptic or by government financial-intelligence agencies.
Once the United States designates a platform such as Nobitex, international exchanges, liquidity providers and counterparties face increased risks if they continue interacting with Iranian-linked wallets. This pushes activity toward smaller, less liquid and often riskier channels.
The sanctions also highlight another vulnerability. Treasury officials noted that Nobitex suffered a major hack in June 2025, underscoring the risks associated with relying on digital financial infrastructure.
Another area of interest is the role of the IRGC, which under Iran’s previous budget law was tasked with exporting roughly 700,000 barrels of crude oil per day—about half of the country’s exports at the time. The organization is also one of Iran’s largest infrastructure contractors.
While available data do not reveal where imported services originated or who ultimately benefited from them, the overlap illustrates the growing importance of non-traditional financial channels within Iran’s sanctioned economy.
Iran is likely to adapt. Activity may shift toward peer-to-peer trading, decentralized platforms, foreign intermediaries, stablecoin networks or new domestic exchanges. Yet each alternative carries costs, whether through reduced liquidity, greater compliance risks or increased exposure to future sanctions.
For Washington, the challenge is sustained enforcement. Sanctioning Nobitex will matter most if it is accompanied by international cooperation, improved blockchain intelligence, pressure on foreign exchanges and clear guidance for shipping firms, insurers and commodity traders.
The United States does not need to stop every Iranian crypto transaction to have an effect. It only needs to make the system more expensive, more traceable, riskier and less attractive for counterparties.
The Nobitex case illustrates how financial warfare has moved from banks to blockchains. Digital assets have given Tehran greater flexibility under sanctions, but they have also created new vulnerabilities.
The more Iran relies on crypto infrastructure, the more that infrastructure becomes part of the sanctions battlefield.
Crypto
Decade-Old Bitcoin Wallets Reemerge and Shift $37 Million as BTC Hits 2026 Low
Key Takeaways
- Btcparser.com discovered three bitcoin wallets from 2014 and 2017 that moved 599.76 BTC worth $37.04M in 2026.
- Bitcoin’s 16,693.44% gain highlights long-term value creation from dormant holdings.
- BTC funds remain in new addresses; analysts await clues on owners’ next moves.
Ancient Bitcoin 2014 Wallet Stirs
A dormant bitcoin ( BTC) address, first seen on Nov. 12, 2014, and untouched ever since, transferred 165.50 BTC this week at block height 952452. After remaining inactive for more than a decade, the Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash (P2PKH) address reemerged onchain, moving its holdings in a single transaction. The owner decided to move this cache amid bitcoin’s latest price downturn as BTC tapped the lowest value of 2026 on Friday.
At the time, the address‘s entire stash of 165.50 BTC was valued at just $60,738. Even after bitcoin’s recent pullback, those same holdings are now worth approximately $10.2 million, illustrating the dramatic 16,693.44% appreciation accumulated during more than a decade of dormancy.
The funds migrated from the original P2PKH wallet through a series of newly created Pay-to-Witness-Public-Key-Hash (P2WPKH) addresses before ultimately settling in a P2WPKH address that now holds 204.67 BTC, valued at approximately $12.6 million.
Two 2017 Addresses Shift 434.26 BTC
Following the 2014-era transfer, two wallets dating back to 2017 moved a combined 434.26 BTC. The first transaction took place at block height 952454, transferring 115 BTC valued at approximately $7.1 million from a P2PKH address created on May 9, 2017. The second wallet shifted 319.26 BTC, worth roughly $19.7 million, in a separate transfer. That address too, was first seen on May 9, 2017.
On that day, 9 years and 26 days ago in 2017, BTC was trading at $1,709 per coin, placing the value of the holdings at a fraction of their current worth. The latest movements add to a growing list of dormant-era wallets that have resurfaced in 2026, often drawing attention from onchain analysts and market observers.
Onchain Trail Reveals Movement, Not Motive
While the transfers coincided with bitcoin’s recent price weakness, the transactions themselves offer no indication that the coins were sold, as the funds remain visible in newly assigned addresses. However, they may have been offloaded to an over-the-counter (OTC) desk or temporary address from a custodian.
Of course, the identities behind the wallets and the motivations for awakening holdings that sat idle for nearly a decade remain unknown.
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