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America’s NAFTA nemesis: Canada, not Mexico

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America and Canada have one of many world’s greatest commerce relationships.

President Donald Trump met for the primary time Monday with Canada’s Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.

“We’ve a really excellent commerce relationship with Canada,” Trump stated on the information convention.

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However the U.S.-Canada commerce relationship through the years has not been as easy as you may suppose. There have been commerce wars, acts of retaliation, allegations of dumping and jobs misplaced.

“Our buying and selling relationship clearly is powerful…however the relationship has been rocky, regardless of the agreements we’ve got in place,” says Stuart Trew, an editor on the Canadian Centre for Coverage Alternate options, a analysis group in Ottawa, Canada’s capital.

Trump has typically slammed Mexico and NAFTA, the commerce settlement between the U.S., Mexico and Canada. However Canada is never talked about.

But, there have been extra NAFTA dispute claims towards Canada — nearly all by U.S. corporations — than towards Mexico. Even at the moment, Canada has stiff tariffs towards the US and the 2 sides solely lately resolved a bitter dispute over meat.

Most leaders and consultants stress that commerce ties between the 2 nations are robust and principally optimistic. However Canada and America have had loads of battles alongside the way in which.

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Now Trump needs to renegotiate NAFTA, which might be on the highest of the agenda for his assembly with Trudeau.

1. Canada will get in additional NAFTA bother than Mexico

Listening to Trump, you may suppose Mexico is the unhealthy actor of NAFTA. However since NAFTA’s inception in 1994, there have been 39 complaints introduced towards Canada, nearly all by U.S. corporations. Identified within the business because the investor state dispute settlements, it permits corporations to resolve instances beneath a particular panel of NAFTA judges as a substitute of native courts in Mexico, Canada, or the U.S.

There’s solely been 23 complaints towards Mexico. (By comparability, corporations from each Mexico and Canada have filed a complete of 21 complaints towards the U.S.)

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And more and more, Canada is the goal of American complaints. Since 2005, Canada has been hit with 70% of the NAFTA dispute claims, in keeping with CCPA, a Canadian analysis agency.

2. The U.S. – Canada lumber battle

NAFTA is not the one sore space. In 2002, the U.S. slapped a roughly 30% tariff on Canadian lumber, alleging that Canada was “dumping” its wooden on the U.S. market. Canada rejected the declare and argued the tariff value its lumber corporations 30,000 jobs.

“It was a really bitter level in Canadian – American relations for fairly some time,” says Tom Velk, an economics professor at McGill College in Montreal.

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The dispute had its origins within the Eighties, when American lumber corporations stated their Canadian counterparts weren’t enjoying honest.

Whether or not Canada truly broke the principles is a matter of dispute.

Canadian officers deny that the federal government is subsidizing softwood lumber corporations in Canada. American lumber corporations nonetheless allege that it does, and a U.S. Commerce Division report discovered that Canada was offering subsidies to lumber corporations in 2004. It did not say whether or not the subsidies have been ongoing.

Based on the allegations, Canada backed lumber corporations as a result of the federal government owns lots of the lands the place the wooden comes from. That subsidy — on high of Canada’s enormous lumber provide — allowed Canada to cost its lumber beneath what U.S. corporations can cost.

The World Commerce Group finally sided with Canada, denying America’s declare and the 2 sides got here to an settlement in 2006 to finish the tariff.

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Nonetheless, that settlement and its ensuing grace interval expired in October, and the 2 sides are again at it once more. The Obama and Trudeau administrations could not attain a compromise earlier than Obama left workplace and it stays a contentious commerce concern with U.S. lumber corporations calling as soon as once more for tariffs.

Associated: ‘With out NAFTA’ we would be out of enterprise

3. Smoot-Hawley triggers U.S. – Canada commerce warfare

Issues obtained even worse through the Nice Melancholy. In 1930, Congress wished to guard U.S. jobs from international commerce. So the U.S. slapped tariffs on all nations that shipped items to America in an effort to protect employees.

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It was known as the Smoot-Hawley Act. Right now, it’s extensively accepted that this legislation made the Nice Melancholy worse than it was.

Canada was livid, and retaliated greater than another nation towards the U.S., sparking a commerce warfare.

“Canada was so incensed that…they raised their very own tariff on sure merchandise to match the brand new U.S. tariff,” in keeping with Doug Irwin, a Dartmouth Professor and creator of “Peddling Protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the Nice Melancholy.”

For instance, the U.S. elevated a tariff on eggs from 8 cents to 10 cents (these are Nineteen Thirties costs, in any case). Canada retaliated by additionally rising its tariff from 3 cents to 10 cents — a threefold enhance.

Exports dwindled sharply: in 1929, the U.S. exported almost 920,000 eggs to Canada. Three years later, it solely shipped about 14,000 eggs, in keeping with Irwin.

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Associated: Bear in mind Smoot-Hawley: America’s final main commerce warfare

4. Canada’s sky excessive tariffs on U.S. eggs, poultry, milk

Quick ahead to at the moment. Smoot-Hawley is lengthy gone, however Canada continues to cost steep tariffs on U.S. imports of eggs, rooster and milk.

For example, some tariffs on eggs are as excessive as 238% per dozen, in keeping with Canada’s Agriculture Division. Some milk imports, relying on the fats content material, are as excessive as 292%.

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“They’re so onerous that you would be able to’t deliver it throughout. There is not any American eggs in Quebec,” says Velk.

Based on Canada’s Embassy within the U.S., actuality is way totally different. Its officers say that regardless of some stiff tariffs, Canada is likely one of the high export markets for American milk, poultry and eggs.

The U.S. does have tariffs on some items coming from all nations, however they aren’t almost as excessive as Canada’s.

Specialists say these tariffs proceed to irk some U.S. dairy and poultry farmers, a few of whom are challenged to promote into the Canadian market. However they doubt a lot will change for the reason that tariffs have been in place for many years now.

Associated: These Reagan tariffs Trump loves to speak about

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5. COOLer heads and the way forward for NAFTA

Regardless of all these disputes, consultants stress this commerce relationship remains to be top-of-the-line on the earth.

Actually, the 2 nations are so interconnected now, when commerce disputes erupt typically American corporations will facet with Canadian corporations and towards U.S. lawmakers.

For instance, Canadian meat producers disputed a U.S. legislation that required them to label the place the cattle was born, raised and slaughtered. Canadians stated the legislation discriminated towards its meat from being bought within the U.S. and took the case to the WTO.

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The WTO sided with Canada, and final December, Congress repealed the country-of-origin-labeling legislation. American meat producers — whose enterprise is intertwined with Canada — truly supported their counterparts in Canada, arguing the regulation was too burdensome.

As for Trump’s proposal of tearing up NAFTA, many American and Canadian consultants say that it isn’t price it to renegotiate or finish the settlement. The three nations which can be a part of the settlement are so enmeshed with one another that untangling all that integration could be detrimental to commerce and financial progress.

–Editor’s observe: This story was initially printed on August 11, 2016. We’ve since up to date it.

CNNMoney (New York) First printed February 13, 2017: 11:11 AM ET

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TikTok said to plan job cuts amid a wave of tech industry layoffs

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TikTok said to plan job cuts amid a wave of tech industry layoffs

TikTok is expected to make cuts to its global staff, in another blow for the popular social video app as it faces the threat of a new law that would ban its service in the U.S. if its Chinese owner doesn’t divest.

The layoffs are expected to affect employees in content and marketing and user operations, according to technology-focused news outlet the Information, which first reported on the looming job cuts. TikTok did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Some U.S. leaders have raised security concerns about TikTok and its parent company ByteDance’s ties to China. ByteDance and TikTok have said the new law “offers no support for the idea” that TikTok’s Chinese ownership poses national security risks.

An unnamed TikTok employee told CNN that the workforce reduction was not related to the potential ban in the U.S.

The cuts come as tech companies have shed their workforce this year to reduce their costs and, in some cases, prepare to hire more people skilled in emerging artificial intelligence tech.

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It’s unclear how many layoffs will occur at TikTok’s U.S. headquarters in Culver City. TikTok employs roughly 500 people in Culver City, according to city data.

TikTok has launched legal battles to stop the government from going forward with its ban of the company’s U.S. operations. The firm sued the U.S. government and funded a separate legal challenge led by TikTok creators. Both petitions said the move to ban or force a sale of the app violates 1st Amendment free speech protections.

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The 2024 box office is terrible. But Imax's big-screen appeal is a bright spot

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The 2024 box office is terrible. But Imax's big-screen appeal is a bright spot

When Warner Bros. film executive Jeff Goldstein saw the huge sand dunes and expansive desert vistas of Denis Villeneuve’s first “Dune” movie, he thought to himself, “This was made for Imax.”

Same went for the sandworm sequences of the sequel, “Dune: Part Two,” a box office hit for the studio earlier this year that pulled in nearly 24% of its domestic box office revenue from Imax. The dystopian wasteland of this weekend’s big action tent pole, “Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga,” brings yet more fodder for the big screen format.

Imax’s giant screens are expected to account for a greater-than-typical share of the George Miller-directed prequel’s box office sales. (The film is tracking to gross more than $40 million domestically for the four-day weekend opening, according to analysts.)

“It immerses you, so you’re there,” said Goldstein, president of domestic distribution for Warner Bros. Pictures. “Audiences look at Imax as something special.”

As studios and exhibitors bemoan audiences’ slow return to movie theaters since the pandemic, Imax has been one of the few bright spots. This year’s box office is down 20% compared to last year, when pictures like “Fast X,” “Barbie” and “The Super Mario Bros. Movie” propelled ticket sales, and yet studios are clamoring to get onto Imax screens.

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Audience behavior has now changed, and getting people out of their houses and back into theaters requires something special they can’t get at home. That put Imax in a fortuitous spot.

The 57-year-old Canadian company, which operates out of Playa Vista, is coming off one of its best years, with Christopher Nolan’s “Oppenheimer” helping to fuel overall global box office revenue — marking Imax’s second-highest grossing year in its history. Films shown on Imax are reaping bigger box office numbers, helped in part by higher ticket prices, and that’s a powerful allure for studios and filmmakers.

Next year, 13 Hollywood movies slated for release will be shot on Imax digital cameras or film, beating a previous record logged in 2021 when seven so-called filmed for Imax movies came out.

The company hopes its brand awareness eventually looms so large that viewers come to its screens first.

“Instead of saying, ‘What’s happening at the movies?,’ I want them to say, ‘What’s happening at Imax?’” said Imax Corp. Chief Executive Rich Gelfond.

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For Imax’s part, its financial performance in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 beat expectations. The company’s net income totaled $3.3 million for the three-month period that ended March 31, up 33% from the previous year, though revenue decreased by about 9%, to $79.1 million. Shares of Imax are up about 10.9% so far this year.

“While there are exceptions like ‘Barbie,’ it is very, very difficult to be a blockbuster without being in Imax,” said Greg Foster, a former Imax Entertainment chief executive who now runs an entertainment consulting business.

Imax’s current mainstream success is what Gelfond and his business partners envisioned when they acquired the company in 1994. At the time, Imax was essentially a museum staple, albeit one that allowed viewers to immerse themselves in the latest nature film or science documentary.

The company adjusted its screens and sound systems to fit in commercial multiplex theaters, allowing its business to grow rapidly while limiting costs (Imax does not own theaters itself, but instead supplies its screening technology to cinema chains). Imax also developed technology to convert movies to Imax’s format to make it more economically attractive for filmmakers and benefited from the advent of digital film, which made it more cost effective.

By 2019, the company had seen year-over-year global box office growth for several years and expanded its global market share to spread its box office almost evenly among North America, China and the rest of the world.

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Like its movie theater owner customers, Imax was hit hard by COVID-19 business shutdowns. But because the company has few assets and little debt, it was insulated in part from the financial fallout that the rest of the industry faced. The company used the time to update its technology, including a new laser projection system and sound system, worked on its marketing and leaned more into local language films, Gelfond said.

Now in a post-pandemic world, moviegoers want something premium and special for their time, and they’re willing to pay for it. That’s a bonus for Imax and so-called premium large-format screens operated by the theater chains.

“In an industry that is constantly re-evaluating its present and its future in terms of competing with new media and bringing back audiences, it’s Imax that has been at the heart of the conversation when we talk about sectors of the industry that have recovered,” said Shawn Robbins, founder of analysis site Box Office Theory. “It’s been a way for studios to have reliability in an often volatile theatrical market.”

Walt Disney Co. has leaned hard into Imax and other premium large formats.

Its marketing campaign for “Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes,” released earlier this month, prominently featured the Imax logo on billboards, bus stop signs and other advertisements. During opening weekend, 41% of the movie’s domestic box office came from premium large-format screenings, 13% of which was Imax, Disney said. Typically, a blockbuster that hasn’t been filmed on Imax cameras, like “Apes,” would do about 10% at the box office, Gelfond said.

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As an industry, “we need to give audiences a terrific experience every time they go to see a movie,” said Tony Chambers, executive vice president and head of theatrical distribution for Walt Disney Studios. “Going to see a movie in premium large formats helps drive engagement and helps drive frequency.”

From 2022 to 2023, premium large formats made up 19% of Disney’s total domestic business; just before the pandemic, that total was 15%. Some of that came from 3-D screens, which have tapered off in popularity.

The company saw box office success with James Cameron’s 2022 sequel, “Avatar: The Way of Water,” which brought in $1.6 billion in revenue from premium large formats out of a total of $2.32 billion (About 11% of which came from Imax). Marvel’s “Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3” last year brought in 31% of its box office revenue from premium large formats.

Especially since the pandemic, there’s now more competition for people’s time and attention from streaming and social media, making it crucial for studios to give audiences a good reason to leave their couches.

“We need a way to cut through some of the clutter and make it clear to people that you cannot wait, you need to see this on the big screen,” Chambers said. “One of the ways to do that, from a marketing perspective, is to lean heavily into the premium large format.”

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For a lot of people, he said, that means Imax. In fact, Imax executives bristle when people lump them with the other so-called PLFs, which include Dolby Cinema and ScreenX.

Imax box office makes up 13% of Warner Bros. overall domestic business, compared to an industry wide 5% to 7%, according to the studio. Industry wide, opening weekends are typically 10% to 12% Imax. But some are a bigger draw. The Imax share of “Dune: Part Two’s” domestic box office was 22%.

“It’s this whole notion of how do you hit critical mass,” Goldstein said. “Imax will help you get to critical mass faster.”

Imax’s future hinges on continued growth, especially internationally. As of 2023, the company had 1,772 screens across the globe, including its institutional theaters and museum screens, up slightly from the previous year.

The company also plans to expand, particularly into markets that it thinks are under-served, such as Australia and Japan.

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“It has massive growth potential globally, and it’s certainly not at saturation in most of its global markets at this point,” said Alicia Reese, media and entertainment analyst at Wedbush Securities. “They should trade at a higher multiple given their growth potential.”

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Ari Emanuel denounces Israeli Prime Minister at Jewish group’s gala

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Ari Emanuel denounces Israeli Prime Minister at Jewish group’s gala

Endeavor Chief Executive Ari Emanuel this week called for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s ouster and denounced his leadership following the Oct. 7 Hamas attack.

The Hollywood power player made the remarks during the Simon Wiesenthal Center’s gala in Beverly Hills, where he accepted the Jewish organization’s Humanitarian Award, its highest honor.

“This is a painful and crucial moment for all of us who are Jews and who love Israel. It is not a moment to stay silent,” Emanuel said Wednesday evening.

“Israel is being led not by a problem solver, but by a problem creator. He is an agent of chaos and hatred and division and destruction. And enough is enough. Bibi Netanyahu is a failure.”

His remarks were met with both cheers and jeers, with some attendees walking out of the Beverly Wilshire Hotel. The audience was filled with members of Emanuel’s family and entertainment industry stalwarts including Larry David, Robert Kraft, Mark Wahlberg and Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson.”

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Emanuel, who spoke of his family’s long ties to Israel and who supports a two-state solution, said Netanyahu “doesn’t want a peaceful solution” in the conflict “And it’s become clear that getting to a political solution and Netanyahu remaining in power are irreconcilable paths,” he said.

“As for his responsibilities to keep the people of the state of Israel and Jews across the globe safe, he has obviously failed spectacularly,” Emanuel said. “But he has succeeded wildly in using division to stay in power.”

One of the most powerful executives in Hollywood, Emanuel is also one of the most outspoken. Two years ago he urged businesses to cut ties with the artist formerly known as Kanye West after he made antisemitic remarks. Companies such as Adidas and the Gap stopped working with the rapper and producer.

In 2006, Emanuel wrote an open letter calling on Hollywood to boycott Mel Gibson after his antisemitic rant made during a drunk-driving arrest, saying the actor’s alcoholism “does not excuse racism and anti-Semitism.” Year later, Emanuel accepted an apology from Gibson and supported his return to the film industry.

The Oct. 7 terror attack by Hamas left about 1,200 Israelis dead and more than than 250 kidnapped. Israel’s military retaliation has killed more than 35,000 people and displaced thousands more, according to Gaza health officials. The war has polarized every sector of the U.S., including Hollywood.

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Emanuel lamented the civilian casualties and suffering among Palestinians in Gaza. “The loss of even a single innocent child is a tragedy,” he said. But he called Israel’s war “justified” saying “Israel did not start the war in Gaza. Hamas did.”

He also criticized pro-Palestinian protesters using the slogan “from the river to the sea,” which he said means the elimination of Israel. “That’s the definition of genocide,” he said.

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