Colorado
Colorado lawmakers advance immigrant protections bill while rejecting another measure to regulate police and ICE
After hours of debate that stretched into Tuesday evening, Colorado Democrats advanced a bill to extend protections for immigrants who may be subject to federal enforcement operations, while rejecting another measure that sought to regulate local law enforcement and federal agents.
The two bills were introduced in the House last month as part of a legislative package in response to growing immigration crackdowns being carried out by the Trump administration.
A third bill, introduced in the Senate on the first day of the legislative session, would allow federal immigration agents to be sued in state civil court. That bill passed the chamber in late February.
The other measure lawmakers chose to advance on Tuesday, House Bill 1276, would expand existing limitations on how state and local officials interact with federal officers, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, as well as give more state oversight to detention centers.
“We believe that, as we’re seeing attacks on our communities, that it’s important for Colorado to stand up and protect everyone that lives in our state,” lead bill sponsor Rep. Elizabeth Velasco, D-Glenwood Springs, said at Tuesday’s committee hearing.
Both measures faced opposition from Republicans and law enforcement groups, who argued the bills would infringe on federal authority to carry out immigration enforcement and create public safety conflicts.
“We recognize that these proposals come at a time of heightened public concern about federal immigration enforcement actions,” the Colorado Association of Chiefs of Police wrote in a statement Tuesday. “However, the legislation could create new safety risks for our peace officers and place them in legally conflicting situations, while imposing significant unfunded administrative burdens on local agencies that do not control federal operations. The bills also could make it harder for agencies to work together.”
Lawmakers say ‘Yes’ to detention center oversight, more limits on data sharing
HB 1276, also led by Rep. Lorena Garcia, D-Adams County, would give the state more authority to inspect food, water quality and other conditions at immigration detention centers. The centers would be required to pay for the inspections. Detention centers would also need to submit data annually to the state on the health outcomes of detainees and pass an environmental impact study.
The bill also bans local and state government transit services, such as buses, trains and state-regulated airports, from knowingly transporting immigrants for detention purposes. Violating any of those provisions would result in a civil penalty worth up to $50,000.
Additionally, the bill would hold local and state agencies, not just their employees, liable for breaching data-sharing protections with ICE or other federal immigration officials. It would also require state agencies to announce when they received a federal subpoena related to immigration enforcement, and require that if state agencies comply with a subpoena, they notify the individuals whose information has been shared.
An amendment added to the bill Tuesday also stipulates that ICE is not allowed to enter secure areas of jails unless they have a judicial warrant. Proponents say those measures come in response to gaps in existing state law that were exposed last year.
That includes an incident wherein Gov. Jared Polis tried to force the then-director of the state’s labor department, Scott Moss, to comply with a federal subpoena seeking the information of 35 adult sponsors who were housing unaccompanied immigrant children.
While a judge ruled that Polis could not force Moss or the employees he directly supervised to comply, he did not outright prevent Polis from finding other ways to get the information from the agency, though the governor has since abandoned the effort.
Immigrant advocates on the Western Slope have also raised concerns over what they say are instances of law enforcement complying with ICE to facilitate detainments, including by giving ICE access to secure facilities of jails and assisting federal agents in apprehending and transporting people for detainments, which allegedly occurred in Garfield County.
Velasco, the first Mexican-born state legislator in Colorado, represents Western Slope communities with large immigrant populations, who she says are “living in fear right now.”
“We’re seeing people hesitate to go to court or attend immigration appointments,” Velasco said. “Families worry that a loved one could be picked up at a work site or even the grocery store and not make it home, and communities are questioning whether public safety systems are there to protect them, or to harm them.”
Rep. Matt Soper, R-Delta, said he understands that there are “many in our state who are fearful of federal immigration authorities knocking on their door and taking them in the middle of the night for deportation, heaven forbid, to a third-world country with absolutely no due process.”
But Soper said he had concerns with the bill pitting Colorado against the federal government, which he said has “exclusive jurisdiction when it comes to immigration and immigration enforcement.”
“I also want our law enforcement showing up to immigrant communities,” Soper added, “and I fear that if they were to show up and there happens to be ICE engagement going on at that particular time, that they would be chilled away from any sort of engagement to keep our friends and our neighbors safe.”
The House Judiciary Committee ultimately voted 6-5, mostly along party lines, to advance the bill to the House Finance Committee.
Bill to regulate police interactions with ICE is rejected
Lawmakers voted to kill a second measure, House Bill 1275, which would have required state and local law enforcement to arrest federal immigration officers who violate state law.
Other provisions of the bill would have prohibited state and local law enforcement from concealing their identity in most circumstances and required that they receive training on state immigration law.
Democrats who championed the bill said it was meant to hold federal agents accountable for unlawful and excessive conduct. They pointed to recent immigration operations in Minnesota in January, during which two U.S. citizens, Renee Good and Alex Pretti, were shot and killed by federal agents.
“It’s not lost on me that it was the death of two U.S. citizens in the suburbs that was the catapult to our constituents begging us — crying out — for help and for justice,” said Rep. Meg Froelich, D-Englewood, who was a lead sponsor of the bill alongside Rep. Yara Zokaie, D-Fort Collins and Sens. Iman Jodeh, D-Aurora, and Mike Weissman, D-Aurora.
The bill faced pushback from law enforcement groups, who argued it would put them in the crossfire of federal immigration actions. The Colorado Association of Chiefs of Police said the measure would put law enforcement in an “impossible constitutional conflict,” since federal officers operate under different legal authorities.
One of the bill’s most controversial measures, which would have blocked current and former ICE and U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents from working as law enforcement officers in Colorado, was heavily amended in response to law enforcement concerns.
Rather than including a blanket ban, the bill was changed to require current and former agents to submit records related to any internal investigations or use-of-force incidents, which may disqualify them from being hired under Colorado law.
Republicans were uniformly opposed to the bill, and some Democrats also expressed concern that the requirements for local police to potentially intervene in federal enforcement could escalate, rather than reduce, conflicts.
“I do not want armed confrontation between peace officers and federal agents in our streets,” said Rep. Chad Clifford, D-Centennial.
Clifford and another Democrat, Rep. Cecelia Espenoza of Denver, joined all Republicans on the committee to reject the bill in a 6-5 vote.
Colorado
Keeler: Colorado’s best prep distance runner? Niwot’s Addison Ritzenhein makes case with 4A record
LAKEWOOD — Her gold was in the bag.
They all were, technically. The night before she rewrote Colorado’s record book, Addison Ritzenhein, the Niwot senior who’s run like almost no teen distance runner ever has, went into her closet and pulled out a dozen state medals. As she laid them out side-by-side, all the miles started talking back.
Addy and her dad had found themselves waxing about the moments and the memories during a Friday night drive. It was the eve of her final CHSAA state track meet. The last ride.
“I want you to bring them (Saturday) morning,” Dathan Ritzenhein, head coach at On Athletics Club in Boulder, told his daughter when he saw the medals. He suggested putting all of them in a big bag and bringing it to Jeffco Stadium on Saturday.
“And then we’ll take them out at the end (of the meet). And we’re going to line them all up. I want to take a picture of you with all of them.”
Dad had a hunch.
Company was coming.
At a record pace, too.
“I wanted to have a perfect ending to my entire high school career,” Addy said after setting a state mark in the 4A girls 1600 meters in her final CHSAA event. “And I just had to remind myself that I’d done everything I could up to this moment.”
Move over, Wendy Koenig. Make some room, Melody Fairchild. The Kaltenbachs? Scooch over. Emma Coburn, Katie Rainsberger and Elise Cranny? You, too. If Ritzenhein isn’t the greatest girls prep distance runner in Colorado history, her closing kick made one heck of a case.
The resume? Ten track titles in four years. Seven as an individual. Two this weekend. Three more golds in cross-country. Mom and dad were two of the best to ever run at CU, and she’s darn near already lapped where they were at her age.
Her last race set another state-meet bar — 4:44.47 in the 1600. A final push in the last 100 meters shot her past Air Academy’s Jordan Banta (4:50.28) and bested Rainsberger’s old 4A state mark of 4:45.27, set in 2016.
“I’m lost for words,” Addy said.
Unrivaled?
Unsurpassed?
Unmatched?
“Feels like a huge wall of relief, honestly,” Ritzenhein told me as the gold around her neck sparkled in Lakewood’s mid-morning sun. “It’s just so many (emotions). A wall of emotions.”
She ran through them, anyway, just as she ran through everything else during her senior season. Addy might’ve been born on first base with mom and dad’s genetics, but she slid into third base on her own hustle, will and want-to. Ritzenhein’s favorite quote is also her mantra: Pain is temporary. Glory is forever.
Which sums up why she’d run at the NXN Nike Cross Nationals this past December with a 104-degree fever and flu-like symptoms. Yet when the Cougars needed her to post up in order to finish second in the nation, Addy saddled up and dragged herself to the end.
“She felt like the team would have won (if she didn’t have) the flu, and she ran with a fever,” Dathan recalled. “She didn’t dwell on it … ‘I have to look forward and I can’t sit here in this moment … you gotta move on.’”
She moves. She proves. She grooves. In a family of elite runners, Addy might be the most competitive in the bunch. And the most cutthroat. Little brother Jude cracked that there’s a video the family took of him, at age 5, being moved to tears when a then-8-year-old Addison kicked his tail in “Monopoly.”

She also knows when to make the grind fun. When to take a title team’s blood pressure down a few notches.
“They’d come in from where it was muddy running, and she’ll wipe the mud off her shoe and she’ll take it and put it underneath the stall of the person next to her,” Dad recalled. “Just funny little harmless things like that.”
Before she ran with a fast crowd, her dad ran with the fastest in the world. Dathan is a three-time Olympian and the American record-holder in the 5K from 2009-10. Her mother, Kalin, was a cross-country All-American at CU. When Addy wasn’t watching dad at London’s 2012 Summer Games, she was watching episodes of “Mickey Mouse Clubhouse” on her mom’s lap.
Now she wants to chase those big dogs down.
“I like to dream big, and being an Olympian would be my big goal,” said Addy, who’s headed to Northern Arizona University. Then she shrugged. “And if I fall short, it’s OK. But yeah, that’s my big goal.”
Hot dog, hot dog, hot diggity-dog.
“You have to dream about that if you want to accomplish it and you have to see yourself do it a 1000 times before you actually do it,” Dathan said. “And so for her to know that she’s coming away from here with probably the best career in high school that I could think of … she’s just been consistent, and that makes me feel like she’s in a really good spot of development.”
Addy’s medals normally reside in her closet. Although, because of all the awards, including three Gatorade Colorado Girls Cross Country Player of the Year trophies, it’s not so much of a walk-in type as it is a crawl-in.
“It’s almost impossible to walk in there,” Jude laughed. “There’s a shelf in there just full of clothes, packed with clothes, and there’s a shelf behind it full of trophies.”
Best make room for one more. Somehow.
“I knew (Saturday’s) game plan, and I thought that she was going to take it right away a little bit faster,” Dathan said of Addy’s final lap. “I then kind of realized (there) was about 200 to go. I was like, ‘Oh, she might run the record.’ And I was like, ‘This is gonna be a sweet way to end.’ And she seemed fully focused, still, with 100 to go. I don’t know at what point she realized it and got to really enjoy it. But I hope she did.”
A collapse into the grass after a run for the ages eventually gave way to a grin for the ages.
“Everyone wants a perfect ending,” Addy said. “But I think I accomplished it.”
With that, Ritzenhein turned west on a white heel, rounded third and headed for home, riding a smile 5,551 feet high and a shadow twice as long.
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Colorado
Colorado RattleCam crawling with venomous snakes you must see yourself
Fascinating facts about rattlesnakes
Prairie rattlesnakes are one of three venomous snake species in Colorado. The other two are also rattlesnakes. (This chatter was updated to add the missing species name.)
Guarantee you won’t stick your hand in a rock crevice without first looking while hiking after you watch the Colorado RattleCam livestream of a rattlesnake mega den.
Yikes! Viewing the livestream is like watching a scary movie, equally entertaining and terrifying.
The mega den on undisclosed private property in Larimer County is crawling with the venomous snakes now that sunny weather has returned.
Project RattleCam is a collaboration between Cal Poly, Central Coast Snake Services and Dickinson College that allows viewers to observe rattlesnakes a lot closer than you would ever want to get in an effort to educate the public about these reptiles with a reputation.
A high-definition camera continually scans and zooms in and out on the rocky outcropping, where rattlesnakes slither among the rocks, bask in the sun and will give birth to live babies at this rookery, or communal birthing site, in late August and early September.
Watching the May 12 livestream, which includes a live chat, was fascinating.
The camera zoomed to show the patterns on the snakes that slowly slithered among the lichen-splotched rocks, a rattlesnake resting its head on a rock while soaking in the sun and rattlesnakes hiding in the brush.
The highlight was the camera capturing a rattlesnake muscling along a rock shelf. It zoomed so close you could see the vertical, slit-like pupils; pit organs on the snake’s face used to detect heat from prey; and the black forked tongue probing the air to locate prey and check out its environment.
Unless you want to get some work done, the best way to view the livestream is checking in every so often to scan the stream and see when the camera detects a rattlesnake. Otherwise, the livestream can take you down a rabbit hole, or in this case a rattlesnake den.
Here’s a timeline for your rattlesnake viewing pleasure
- April-May: Rattlesnakes emerge from hibernation.
- Early June: Most of the snakes travel downhill from the den to nearby meadows and shrublands where they spend the summer searching for food.
- Late August-early September: Pregnant rattlesnakes return to the den to give birth.
- Late September-October: The rest of the rattlesnakes return to the den.
Miles Blumhardt covers news and the outdoors for the Coloradoan.
Colorado
Colorado county and city team up to address local food accessibility
To improve food access and build a healthier community, Boulder County, Colo. Public Health’s Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL) team collaborated with the city of Boulder on its comprehensive plan. The HEAL team analyzed best practices in nutritious food access and sustainable agriculture in comparable communities across the nation to help inform its recommendations for city planning, according to Amelia Hulbert, Boulder County Public Health’s Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL) lead.
“A comprehensive plan is visionary, it’s long range,” Hulbert said. “It should not just be a document that fits on the shelf and doesn’t get used, so when you have the opportunity to either create something new or update it, how do you make sure it [outlines] goals and policies that are going to support the work that you know needs to happen?
Learn more
Boulder County’s “Improving Food Access and Health for Boulder Residents Through Municipal Comprehensive Planning” initiative was the 2025 NACo Achievement Award “Best in Category” winner in Planning.
“We wanted a place to specifically call out public health priorities, so when it came time to talk about allocating funding or anything like that, we can point to it and say, ‘As a county, we said that food access is important. We said that air quality monitoring is important.’”
When starting the process of creating the city’s comprehensive plan, City of Boulder staff reached out to the state health department looking for subject matter expertise on food access, which is how the HEAL team got involved, Hulbert said.
“I think there’s this through line of ‘planners are planners, and they’re usually not subject matter experts,’” Hulbert said. “And so, when they seek out subject matter expertise, how can we make sure those connections can easily be made to people in their own community who are going to not only know the content, but know the issues? I think it’s a cool process, and others could totally do the same thing.”
The HEAL team analyzed comprehensive plans from a dozen municipalities like Boulder, including Ann Arbor, Mich.; Asheville, N.C.; Burlington, Vt. and Provo, Utah. Factors considered when choosing the municipalities included population size, economic and demographic makeup and communities with a mix of urban, suburban and unincorporated rural land, according to Hulbert.
Olivia Ott, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Public Health Associate working with the HEAL team, identified 34 model policies from the plans and categorized them into five themes to compare against the City of Boulder’s existing plan: healthy food access, sustainability, built environment, equity/culture and local agriculture.
“We’re usually looking to a couple key cities across the nation that we would consider cutting edge and innovative,” Hulbert said. “So, we just applied that methodology to something very specific, of digging into, ‘How are their plans structured? What are they saying?’ And then thinking about, ‘Does it make sense for our community?’ And then [assessing] ‘What are other things that are really specific to our community?’”
Factoring in the identified best practices, Ott scored the city’s plan into three categories: “Present” in Boulder’s current plan, “Somewhat Present” and “Absent.”
“That kind of grading system actually worked really well, and it really resonated with the planning team,” Hulbert said. “You could tell that they were like, ‘Oh my gosh, we’re doing really well here.’ And then, it was really specific, of ‘Hey, other people are talking about this one thing, and you all aren’t.’ I think it was just put in a way that they could really absorb.”
The HEAL team’s research and recommendations were presented to the Boulder and Broomfield County’s Food Security Network (BBFSN), a community group made up of people with lived experience of food insecurity and organizations that serve food insecure individuals, that were providing input on the city’s comprehensive plan. The HEAL team’s findings helped inform the BBFSN’s recommendations to the planning department.
While the HEAL team had the expertise and staffing to do the research, it was “critically important” to then integrate community engagement with the BBFSN into the work, Hulbert noted. Final recommendations for the city plan from the BBFSN address food access through six different categories: transportation, land use, housing, climate, economic development and food systems.
“We did what was within our wheelhouse, and then we knew that there was another group who has a totally different wheelhouse, so it was how could we then pass off what we’ve done and have them take it a step further?” Hulbert said. “Because I think what they brought is more of that lived experience community storytelling. Olivia can say, ‘It’s important to emphasize culturally relevant foods.’ And then there’s likely a community member that can actually give real voice to that and why that matters.”
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