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Queen’s reign saw British leave Mideast with a mixed legacy

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Queen’s reign saw British leave Mideast with a mixed legacy

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The lengthy reign of Queen Elizabeth II noticed massive swaths of the world forged off London’s rule, however after her dying a handful of British-installed monarchies nonetheless endure within the Center East.

They’ve survived a long time of struggle and turmoil and are actually seen as bastions of a sure sort of authoritarian stability. When standard uprisings erupted throughout the area a decade in the past in what was generally known as the Arab Spring, sweeping away regimes with anti-colonial roots, hereditary rulers have been largely unscathed.

The times of imperial pomp and gunships could also be over, however the area’s emotional and monetary ties to England run deep. Emirs, sultans and kings attend the Royal Navy Academy at Sandhurst. Gulf Arab sovereign wealth has helped reshaped London’s skyline.

Because the son of a British mom, Jordan’s King Abdullah II additionally has familial and cultural ties to Britain.

Jordan’s ruling Hashemites, who come from the Arabian Peninsula and declare descent from the Prophet Muhammad, launched the revolt in opposition to the Ottoman Empire throughout World Struggle I. They’d hoped their wartime alliance with Britain would assist safe an impartial Arab state throughout a lot of the Center East.

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It didn’t work out that method.

Britain and France carved up the Ottoman Empire after the struggle, breaking guarantees and drawing usually arbitrary borders that just about assured a long time of battle in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria, in addition to Israel and the Palestinian territories.

“There is no such thing as a query that the 2 royal households have loved very robust relations,” former Jordanian international minister Marwan Muasher mentioned of the the British royals and the Hashemites. “However the relationship has been marred by main points and turbulent occasions.”

Abdullah I, the present king’s nice grandfather, was given Jordan, a swath of desert primarily populated by nomadic Bedouin.

His brother, Faisal, was positioned on the throne of Iraq, one other new nation, assembled from three distinctive Ottoman provinces and loosely based mostly on historic Mesopotamia.

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The British helped set up each kingdoms in an English mould. Jordan bought a British-style forms. In Iraq, a band performed “God save the King” at Faisal’s coronation.

Each have been buffeted by the wave of Arab nationalism that erupted after World Struggle II. Abdullah was assassinated by a Palestinian nationalist in Jerusalem in 1951, and Iraq’s King Faisal II was deposed and killed in a bloody 1958 coup.

Egyptian navy officers deposed that nation’s British-backed monarchy in 1952, and hereditary rulers have been later overthrown in Libya and Yemen. All have been ultimately changed by homegrown autocrats — many aligned with the West.

However not Jordan.

King Abdullah II, a local English speaker who would slot in at a British military membership, and his glamorous spouse of Palestinian descent, Queen Rania, in the present day rule an Arab nation that has come to be seen as an island of stability in a unstable area.

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His father, King Hussein, quashed inner threats and survived dozens of plots to kill and overthrow him. His picture as a pleasant, Western-style monarch in a restive area compelled international patrons — first Britain, then america — to bankroll the dominion.

Its modern-day picture of stability masks an financial system depending on international support, a conservative tradition and standard discontent that often bubbles to the floor.

King Abdullah II usually flies to London to “search recommendation from the British on this or that problem,” mentioned Labib Kamhawi, a Jordanian political analyst. When the king’s half-sister, Princess Haya, sought authorized safety from her ex-husband, the ruler of Dubai, she seemed no additional than the British capital.

Jordan’s royal court docket declared every week of mourning after Queen Elizabeth’s dying, hailing her as an “iconic chief” and a “beacon of knowledge.”

The response from odd individuals in Jordan — and throughout the area — was extra muted.

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Many hint the Israeli-Palestinian battle to Britain’s 1917 Balfour declaration, wherein it supported “the institution in Palestine of a nationwide dwelling for the Jewish individuals.”

Daoud Kuttab, a distinguished Palestinian journalist based mostly in Jordan, mentioned he would have anticipated Elizabeth’s passing to create extra debate amongst Jordanians. “However she grew to become queen in 1952. It’s arduous guilty her for the Balfour declaration,” he mentioned.

Iraqis nonetheless bitterly recall the British invasion throughout World Struggle II and lots of view the 1958 coup that deposed Faisal II with satisfaction. Nevertheless it ushered in a long time of instability, culminating in Saddam Hussein’s brutal rule and wars together with his neighbors. The U.S.-led invasion in 2003, wherein Britain was a key participant, eliminated Saddam however plunged Iraq into chaos from which it has but to completely emerge.

“Putting in a monarchy that wasn’t very fashionable and that was overthrown in 1958 was the ignition for the numerous issues that the fashionable Iraqi state has confronted,” mentioned Lahib Higel, senior Iraq analyst for the Worldwide Disaster Group.

Nonetheless, Iraqis of a sure age credit score Britain with serving to to ascertain schooling and well being programs that have been the envy of the area earlier than Saddam’s catastrophic rule. Some Egyptians additionally look again fondly on their monarchy, whose demise was adopted by a long time of authoritarian rule and stagnation.

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“Particularly older Egyptians have this residual admiration for British tradition and establishments,” mentioned Egyptian author Khaled Diab.

Additional east, throughout the glittering cities of the Persian Gulf, British affect stays robust a long time after independence. Beginning within the 18th century, Gulf emirs got here underneath the safety of the British Empire, which brokered truces between loosely organized tribes.

The invention of huge oil riches ensured the survival of hereditary rule even after the British withdrew in 1971. Heirs to the tribal leaders in the present day boast second houses in London’s toniest districts and levels from British universities.

Bahrain was convulsed by a 2011 revolt supported by its Shiite majority in opposition to its Sunni monarchy, however there was hardly any signal of unrest in some other Gulf nation.

“These Arab monarchies are modern-era creations they usually’ve needed to create the monarchical fable in a comparatively brief house of time,” mentioned Christopher Davidson, a fellow on the European Heart for Worldwide Affairs. “The British royal protocols proceed to provide these states with a ready-made blueprint on behave and function.”

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After Elizabeth’s dying, a video clip from 2015 went viral displaying Ali Gomaa, the previous grand mufti of Egypt, describing the British queen as a descendent of the Prophet Muhammad. Her blood line, he alleged, ran by way of medieval Muslim Spain.

The declare, which has been made by others however by no means confirmed, drew mockery on social media. However some welcomed it as proof of putting up with ties.

“There’s this need to construct bridges,” mentioned Diab, the Egyptian author. “Britain has this residual pull on the Arab creativeness.”

___

Related Press author Joseph Krauss in Ottawa, Ontario, contributed to this report.

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The Apartment to Produce ‘Rosebushpruning,’ Starring Kristen Stewart, Josh O’Connor and Elle Fanning

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The Apartment to Produce ‘Rosebushpruning,’ Starring Kristen Stewart, Josh O’Connor and Elle Fanning

Fremantle’s The Apartment will partner with The Match Factory, Mubi, Kavac Film and Rai Cinema to produce Karim Aïnouz’s next feature film “Rosebushpruning.” 

Directed by Aïnouz, the film’s lead cast includes Kristen Stewart (“Love Lies Bleeding,” “Spencer”), Josh O’Connor (“Challengers,” “God’s Own Country”) and Elle Fanning (“Teen Spirit,” “The Great”). Aïnouz is directing from a script written by Efthimis Filippou (Kinds of Kindness, Dogtooth, The Lobster), which is an adaptation from Marco Bellocchio’s debut feature Fists in the Pocket. 

Viola Fügen and Michael Weber are producing “Rosebushpruning” for The Match Factory, who are also handling worldwide sales for the film. The adaptation rights have been acquired from Kavac Film also attached at the production team with Simone Gattoni. The Apartment, a Fremantle Company, is co-producing, with Annamaria Morelli as executive producer. Rachel Dargavel for Crybaby Films is co-producing in the UK. Mubi is financing production alongside Catherine Boily and Mitch Oliver’s Metafilms and Anna Films in association with Fremantle. Film und Medienstiftung NRW, Medienboard and the German Federal Film Board also funded the film.

“We are extremely happy to be part of this important film together with exceptional partners such as The Match Factory, MUBI, Kavac and Rai Cinema,” said Annamaria Morelli, CEO, The Apartment. “We deeply appreciate Karim Aïnouz’s films and are enthusiastic of the way he and Efthymis Filippou adapted Bellocchio’s masterpiece, revisited with a strikingly bold and original vision.”

Commenting on “Rosebushpruning,” Aïnouz said: “Marco Bellocchio’s astonishing debut, ‘Fists in the Pocket,’ was released over 50 years ago and had a huge impact on Italian cinema and storytelling at the time. I’m excited to be collaborating with Efthimis Filippou to revisit this iconic work to create a contemporary parable about the explosion of the traditional patriarchal family — which I hope will be touching and provocative in equal measure. It’s a dream come true to be working with such a dynamic ensemble of actors that I have long admired to bring this explosive adaptation to audiences today.”

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The film will begin production later this year.

Aïnouz is represented by Lark Management, CAA and Andre des Rochers.

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Thailand's new Senate selection process unfolds as candidates begin 'complicated' registration

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Thailand's new Senate selection process unfolds as candidates begin 'complicated' registration
  • Thailand has started the selection of new senators, marking the start of a contentious battle between progressives and conservatives.
  • Hopeful candidates registered at district offices nationwide, competing for one of the 200 seats in the upper house of Parliament.
  • The Senate, though less powerful than the House of Representatives, played a large role in blocking the formation of a new government.

Thailand on Monday officially began the selection of new senators, a process that has become part of an ongoing war between progressive forces hoping for democratic political reforms and conservatives seeking to keep the status quo.

Hopeful candidates headed to district offices across the country on the first day of registration to compete for one of the 200 seats in Parliament’s upper house.

The power of the Senate — although limited compared to the House of Representatives, which is tasked with law-making responsibilities — was demonstrated dramatically when it blocked the progressive party that won the most seats in last year’s election from forming a new government.

HUMAN RIGHTS GROUP URGES THAI GOVERNMENT TO HALT FORCED REPATRIATION OF POLITICAL DISSIDENTS

The senators were able to do so because of the 2017 Constitution, passed under a military government, which requires the prime minister to be approved by a joint vote of the elected House and the Senate, which was appointed by the military regime.

Potential candidates to become members of Thailand’s next Senate arrive at the Phaya Thai district office in Bangkok on May 20, 2024. Thailand on Monday officially began the selection of new senators, a process that has become part of an ongoing war between progressive forces hoping for democratic political reforms and conservatives seeking to keep the status quo. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

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The Move Forward Party was opposed by senators who disapproved of its vow to seek reforms of Thailand’s monarchy.

The process of selecting the new senators will include three rounds of voting: district, provincial and national.

Unlike the elected lower house legislators, the senators will be chosen by their fellow applicants, competing in 20 categories such as occupation or social position, including women, the elderly and the disabled.

THAI PRO-CANNABIS ADVOCATES RALLY AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO RECRIMINALIZE

The final results are expected to be announced in July.

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The selection process in the Constitution is so complicated and unclear that critics say it was deliberately designed to discourage public participation. Critics say the Constitution also allows the state bureaucracy to hold more power than directly elected political officeholders.

The new senators will no longer be able to take part in selecting a prime minister but will retain the power to approve legislation passed by the House.

They also have the power to select members of nominally independent regulatory bodies such as the Election Commission and the Constitutional Court, whose work has been widely seen as impeding efforts at political reform and crippling proponents with legal penalties, including prison.

The Senate’s votes are also required to amend the Constitution. The governing Pheu Thai party is pushing for a new charter to replace the 2017 one to facilitate certain reform efforts promised during the campaign.

Civil society groups have campaigned to raise public awareness and encourage those favoring democratic reforms to enter the Senate selection process.

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Law reform advocate Yingcheep Atchanont of the group iLaw has been organizing public discussions on the importance of the Senate and workshops to help would-be applicants understand how the selection process works.

“We are telling people what to do if they want change. There have been calls in recent years to reduce the power of the Senate, to get rid of the Senate,” he said. “All of this can only happen if we can amend the Constitution, and we need enough votes from the senators for that.”

Candidates must be more than 40 years old and have more than 10 years of experience in their chosen occupational group, the latter provision not applying for those competing in one of the social identity groups. They also cannot campaign or do anything that can be interpreted as campaigning.

Even the Election Commission has acknowledged how complicated the process is but says it will be able to carry it out smoothly and transparently.

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Purawich Watanasukh, a political science lecturer at Bangkok’s Thammasat University, said he thinks the complicated rules were intentionally designed to reduce public participation.

“This is the contest of the people to debug not just the Senate itself, but the Constitution, which would lead to a new political landscape in Thailand,” he said, “”It will be the next battleground between the progressive movement and the establishment.”

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Panic in Bishkek: Why were Pakistani students attacked in Kyrgyzstan?

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Panic in Bishkek: Why were Pakistani students attacked in Kyrgyzstan?

Islamabad, Pakistan — More than 300 Pakistani students have rushed home from Kyrgyzstan after a mob attacked hostels occupied by international students, injuring several of them, in the Central Asian nation’s capital Bishkek last week.

The violence broke out in the late hours of May 17, lasting for more than six hours, when hundreds of Kyrgyz people targeted hostels of international students, leaving more than 30 injured.

In a news conference on Sunday, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar said Kyrgyz authorities had assured that the situation had been brought under control. He confirmed that “four or five” Pakistani students were injured in the violence but refuted online rumours of any deaths in the clashes.

Yet, Dar appeared to acknowledge the fears of the more than 11,000 Pakistani students in Kyrgyzstan, and their families, announcing that the government was arranging flights to bring back all students who wanted to return. The government, he said, would bear the expenses — though Pakistani students in Bishkek claimed they had to pay out of pocket for tickets back.

So what led to the violence, what happened on May 17, and what is the situation in Bishkek now?

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What happened on the night of May 17?

Korish Malik, a 24-year-old Pakistani student pursuing a medical degree in Bishkek, recalled that he was in his hostel when, in the evening, student residents received a message from the hostel administration to stay indoors.

On May 17, a mob targeted a hostel in Bishkek where hundreds of international students resided [Courtesy of Bilal Ishaq]

“The administration said there appears to be a threat to international students and they must refrain from leaving the premises of their hostels. But then we saw on TikTok that a large group of locals was gathering and marching towards our hostel,” he told Al Jazeera from Bishkek.

According to Kyrgyz media reports, a crowd of more than 700 people gathered outside the city’s VIP Hostel, which houses more than 800 international students, including Pakistanis, Indians, Egyptians and Bangladeshis.

Bilal Ishaq, a Pakistani medical student from Faisalabad who lives in a private apartment near the VIP Hostel, said he also received alerts on WhatsApp groups of fellow university students and the Pakistani student community, asking students to stay indoors. He saw a crowd chanting slogans pass his building, moving towards the hostel. The WhatsApp groups, he said, were buzzing with messages from terrified students.

Back at the VIP Hostel, Korish said, soon after students received the warning, police officials arrived and cordoned off the front gate of the building. But the crowd, he said, was large — too large, it turned out.

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“While there were a lot of police officials there, they did not have any riot gear with them,” he said. “We were just asked to switch off lights, lock the doors, and put heavy objects in front of the doors of our room.”

Korish said the mob entered the hostel from the emergency exit at the back of the building and went on to indulge in vandalism.

Videos on social media show a huge number of people walking towards the hostel, hurling stones at the windows. Another video shows a door being broken, and glass shattered in the corridor of the hostel.

Korish said he and his three roommates hid in their room on the fourth floor of the five-storey building. They could hear loud noises from other floors, he said.

“The whole thing lasted for almost six to eight hours and when we eventually came out of the room, it was obvious that the mob was there to just cause chaos and spread terror,” Korish said.

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What triggered the attack?

The May 17 violence followed a brawl between Kyrgyz locals and a group of international students four days earlier.

Hassan Aryani, a Pakistani student pursuing his degree in medicine, said the videos of the fight went viral among students in the city. Aryani, from Mardan in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, said an “uneasy calm” hung over the student community in Bishkek after that clash.

On the night of May 17, that tension exploded in mob violence.

What were the international responses?

The embassies of India and Pakistan in Bishkek advised the students to stay indoors.

On the morning of May 18, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif posted on X that he was “deeply concerned over the situation of Pakistani students in Bishkek”.

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Indian Foreign Minister S Jaishankar also wrote on the social media platform that he was monitoring events in Bishkek, urging Indian students to stay in contact with the country’s embassy.

The Kyrgyz government said on the morning of May 18 that calm had returned to the capital.

Pakistanis protest against the attacks on international students, including Pakistanis, in Kyrgyz capital of Bishkek last week. [Sohail Shahzad/EPA]
Pakistani students protest against the attacks in Bishkek [Sohail Shahzad/EPA]

How is the situation in Bishkek now?

Aryani, who is in his final year of college, said while Bishkek appears to be returning to a state of normalcy, he was not willing to stick around in the Kyrgyz capital at the moment.

He said he planned to get a ticket and fly back to Pakistan as soon as he could.

Korish, the third-year student, said he managed to step out of his hostel on Monday morning and could move around the city. But he also said he would travel back to Pakistan to allay his parents’ concerns.

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Meanwhile, Kyrgyz authorities also do not want to take chances.

Rasul Abazbek uulu, the country’s deputy minister for education and science, announced in a news conference on Monday that foreign students had been allowed to attend classes online for a week.

The latest announcement helped students like Korish make up their minds about the decision to return home.

“My family is naturally very worried about the situation. But now since our college has said that classes will take place online, and the semester was to end anyway at the end of May, I have bought a ticket to go back tomorrow,” Korish said.

While the Pakistani embassy in Kyrgyzstan says it is in close contact with the local authorities to facilitate the students, several students in Bishkek accused the government of abandoning them. Though Dar, Pakistan’s foreign minister, has said the government would bear the cost of transporting students back, the three students Al Jazeera spoke to all said they had to pay themselves for their tickets. It is unclear if the government plans to subsequently reimburse students.

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The Kyrgyz government said those involved in the violence had been arrested and it was in touch with different foreign governments whose nationals were affected by the incident.

“There are no seriously injured people among participants of the incident. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic did not receive any messages regarding injured foreign citizens. At the same time, the ministry urges representatives of the media and foreign diplomatic missions not to disseminate false and unverified information,” the Kyrgyz government said in a statement on May 18.

How many Pakistanis and Indians study in Kyrgyzstan and where?

More than 11,000 Pakistani students and 15,000 Indian students are pursuing degrees in medicine in Kyrgyzstan.

The attraction: a combination of reasonably high standards at Soviet-era medical colleges combined with tuition fees that are lower than most educational destinations in the West and even in their home countries. Kyrgyzstan medical colleges are also popular among students from several Arab and African nations.

Kyrgyz media reports that more than 700 people were part of the mob that attacked international students in Bishkek. [Courtesy Korish Malik]
Kyrgyz media reported that more than 700 people were part of the mob that attacked international students in Bishkek [Courtesy of Korish Malik]

Ishaq, the student from Faisalabad, said while his medical degree in Pakistan could cost him nearly eight to nine million rupees ($28,000 to $32,000), the corresponding amount in Kyrgyzstan was closer to four to five million rupees ($14,000 to $18,000).

“It was a lot more feasible to study here money-wise. But now, with the Pakistani currency devaluation, the cost for studies even here is increasing,” he added. The Pakistani rupee, which stood at 160 against the US dollar in December 2020, has since slipped by more than 70 percent to 278 rupees a dollar.

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