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‘Lone wolf’ or JI?: Jemaah Islamiyah confusion after Malaysia attack

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‘Lone wolf’ or JI?: Jemaah Islamiyah confusion after Malaysia attack

Medan, Indonesia – Malaysia has been the target of a rare deadly attack after a man armed with a machete struck a police station in southern Johor state, killing two police officers and injuring a third.

Initially, Malaysian police said they suspected Friday’s incident was linked to the hardline group Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) and was probably an attempt to steal weapons. Speaking to the media after the attack in the town of Ulu Tiram, Inspector General of Police Razarudin Husain said police raided the suspect’s house and discovered “JI-related paraphernalia”.

Five members of his family were arrested, including the suspect’s 62-year-old father, who police said was a “known JI member”. Two other people, who were in the police station making a report at the time of the attack in the early hours of Friday morning, were also detained.

But on Saturday, Malaysia’s Minister of Home Affairs Saifuddin Nasution Ismail appeared to backtrack on the JI connection, describing the attacker as a “lone wolf” who was “driven by certain motivations based on his own understanding because he rarely mixed with others”.

Former members of JI in Indonesia told Al Jazeera that an attack by the group on Malaysian soil seemed unlikely.

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Speaking from prison in Indonesia’s capital Jakarta, where he is serving a life sentence for his role in JI’s 2002 Bali bombing, which killed more than 200 people, Ali Imron told Al Jazeera that JI’s profile in Malaysia did not seem to fit the police station attack.

“There have never been any JI members in Malaysia who agreed to commit acts of violence like this,” he said. “Before the Bali bombing, there were attacks in Malaysia, but these were committed not by JI but Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia [KMM].”

KMM, a hardline group linked to JI, carried out small-scale attacks in Malaysia in the early 2000s.

Rueben Dass, a senior analyst at the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore, noted that JI had never previously mounted attacks in Malaysia.

“Malaysia was always considered an economic region for JI, not the focus of attacks,” he told Al Jazeera. “The Malaysian authorities were always vigilant and aware, particularly after KMM became active. They have been on their toes and carried out a wave of arrests in the early 2000s of JI members.”

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Since then, he said, JI had maintained a low profile.

“To see them coming up again is a little surprising,” he added.

Indonesia, which saw a spate of JI attacks in the late 1990s and early 2000s – including attacks on churches on Christmas Eve 2000, the Bali bombings and the 2003 attack on Jakarta’s JW Marriott Hotel – has also been largely successful in clamping down.

In 2003, with funding and training from the United States and Australia, it established the Counterterrorism Special Detachment 88 (Densus 88), and later set up a National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT).

Indonesian authorities have also pioneered a range of deradicalisation programmes, using former members of hardline groups including JI, with recidivism rates at about 11 percent, according to the Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict, a Jakarta-based think tank.

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History of JI

JI was founded by Indonesian Muslim scholar Abu Bakar Bashir and Abdullah Sungkar in 1993, with a mission to establish an Islamic caliphate across Southeast Asia.

The group has historically been linked to al-Qaeda, from which it reportedly received funding and training in the 1990s and early 2000s. It has had members in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia and the Philippines.

JI was officially banned in Indonesia in 2007, leading to the group splintering. Some members focused on dakwah or proselytisation, while others continued to plot violent attacks. Arrests have continued across the region with members accused of stockpiling weapons and bomb-making equipment.

According to open source data, between 2021 and 2023, out of 610 people arrested In Indonesia, 42 percent were JI and 39 percent were from other hardline groups – including Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) and other pro-Islamic State groups.

The majority of JI senior figures have been either executed, shot dead in police raids or jailed.

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The 2002 attack in Bali, which killed more than 200 people, shocked Southeast Asia [File: AP]

Both Bashir and Sungkar lived in Malaysia in the 1980s and 1990s, in addition to senior members such as Indonesian Encep Nurjaman (alias Hambali) and Malaysians Noordin Mohammed Top and Azahari Husin. Ali Ghufron (alias Mukhlas), Amrozi bin Nurhasyim and Imam Samudra, the masterminds of the Bali bombing, also spent time in Malaysia.

Hambali was arrested in Thailand in 2003 and is currently awaiting trial at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, while Samudra, Amrozi and Mukhlas were executed in 2008. The two Malaysians were shot in separate police raids in Indonesia in 2005 and 2009.

Before his death, Noordin ran the Luqmanul Hakiem Islamic boarding school in Malaysia, which was founded by Bashir and Sungkar and was in Ulu Tiram, close to the home of the suspect of Friday’s attack.

Malaysia closed the school in 2002 amid suspicions it was being used to recruit people to JI.

Style of attack

While the profile of the suspect’s father, and the proximity to Luqmanul Hakiem, might have suggested a JI connection, Imron cautioned against such an analysis.

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“If the son followed his father, there is no way he would have committed this act, so there is a strong possibility that he was inspired by ISIS [ISIL],” Imron said, suggesting the Malaysian authorities had “jumped to that conclusion.”

Umar Patek, who was released from prison in 2022 after serving 11 years of a 20-year sentence for mixing some of the chemicals used in the Bali Bombing, told Al Jazeera that he “did not believe” that the attacker was a member of JI and agreed that the attack appeared to have the hallmarks of another group.

“I am very doubtful,” he said. “I don’t understand it, especially carrying out a violent attack. It is impossible in my view that it was JI, but it is possible that it was ISIS.”

The style of the attack has added to the scepticism, as the targeting of a police station and Muslim police officers is inconsistent with JI’s attacks in Indonesia. There, it has been ISIL-inspired hardline groups, including JAD, that have attacked police stations, seeing them as representative of the state.

Soldiers walking through the jungle in Indonesia. They are armed. There is dense foliage around.
Indonesia and Malaysia cracked down on the group after a spate of deadly attacks in the early 2000s [File: Suparta/AFP]

Judith Jacob, the head of Asia for the risk analysis and intelligence company Torchlight, told Al Jazeera that the most unusual aspect of Friday’s attack was the location.

“While Malaysian militants have been key figures in JI and Philippine-based groups, there are few indications of sophisticated plots targeting Malaysia specifically in recent years,” she said.

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However, while Malaysia and Indonesia have not seen anything like the levels of violence of the early 2000s, attacks have not been completely eradicated – with a pattern of more opportunistic and low-level violence emerging.

“The attack in Malaysia remains squarely within the wheelhouse of regional Islamist militant groups – that is to say, it is a relatively unsophisticated assault,” Jacob said.

“Indonesian groups, in particular, have been largely unable to conduct the large-scale attacks or coordinated bombings that were a hallmark of JI in its heyday in the 2000s. Militant groups in the Philippines are more capable, but they too have been unable to conduct sophisticated bombings beyond the southern islands.”

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Mary Beth Hurt, Who Starred in ‘The World According to Garp,’ Dies at 79

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Mary Beth Hurt, Who Starred in ‘The World According to Garp,’ Dies at 79

Mary Beth Hurt, who was nominated for three Tonys and appeared in films including “Interiors” and “The World According to Garp,” died on Sunday from Alzheimer’s. She was 79.

Hurt’s death was confirmed via a joint Facebook post from her daughter, Molly Schrader, and her husband, writer-director Paul Schrader.

“She was an actress, a wife, a sister, a mother, an aunt, a friend, and she took on all those roles with grace and kind ferocity,” read the post. “Although we’re all grieving there is some comfort in knowing she is no longer suffering and reunited with her sisters in peace.”

Hurt worked on stage, in films and in television and collaborated with her husband, Schrader, on “Affliction” and “Light Sleeper.”

Born Mary Beth Supinger in Marshalltown, Iowa, she was married to actor William Hurt from 1971 to 1981. She studied acting at the University of Iowa and then at NYU and made her debut on the New York stage in 1974.

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She was Tony-nominated for her performances in “Crimes of the Heart,” for which she won an Obie, “Trelawny of the Wells” and “Benefactors.”

Woody Allen cast Hurt in her first film role in the 1978 “Interiors,” in which she played one of the three sisters dealing with the breakdown of her family. She followed with “The World According to Garp,” playing Helen Holm Garp, “Chilly Scenes of Winter,” Martin Scorsese’s “The Age of Innocence” and “Six Degrees of Separation.”

She told the New York Times in 1989 that she preferred to be selective about film roles. “Fifty percent of the roles I’m offered in films are nothing. I don’t mean sizewise. There’s nothing of any interest in them. So I do the ones that are interesting, unless I haven’t done one in a long while. Then I’ll do one that isn’t interesting.”

On television, Hurt guested on shows including “Law & Order,” “Thirtysomething” and “Kojak.”

She was nominated for an Indie Spirit award for 2006’s “The Dead Girl” and also appeared in “Young Adult,” “The Exorcism of Emily Rose,” “The Lady in the Water” and “Change in the Air.”

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She is survived by Schrader, a daughter and a son.

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Over 2 dozen children among 33 bodies pulled from Kenyan mass grave: authorities

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Over 2 dozen children among 33 bodies pulled from Kenyan mass grave: authorities

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At least 33 bodies — including children and dismembered remains stuffed in sacks — were unearthed from a mass grave in western Kenya on Thursday, raising questions about whether the corpses were secretly moved from a hospital morgue.

Detectives exhumed the remains of 25 children and eight adults, as well as dismembered body parts packed in gunny sacks, from a mass grave at a church-owned cemetery in Kericho, authorities said.

“We were able to establish that these were bodies transferred from Nyamira District Hospital to a private cemetery in Kericho,” Mohamed Amin, who leads the Directorate of Criminal Investigations, told reporters.

He said detectives are seeking to determine whether the bodies were legally disposed of after being removed from a morgue.

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INVESTIGATION CONTINUES AFTER HUNDREDS OF CREMATED HUMAN REMAINS DISCOVERED, RECOVERED FROM NEVADA DESERT

At least 33 bodies – 25 of which belonged to children – were found in a mass grave in Kenya on Thursday. (Andrew Kasuku/AP Photo)

The Associated Press reported that Kenyan law allows hospitals and morgues to dispose of unclaimed bodies after 14 days with court authorization.

Government pathologists conducted autopsies Thursday to determine the cause of death, though the identities of the victims have not been released.

Authorities have arrested two people in connection with the case.

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HUNDREDS OF MUTILATED BODIES FOUND IN SUSPECTED NIGERIAN ORGAN-HARVESTING RING

Authorities have arrested two people in connection with the case. (Andrew Kasuku/AP Photo)

Local media reported the bodies were transported in a government vehicle by unidentified individuals and buried hastily, with some gravediggers later alerting police.

“We need authorities to conduct a thorough investigation,” resident Brian Kibunja said.

Another resident, Samuel Moso, said authorities should “reveal if the government was involved or if a different group of people was behind the mass burial.”

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PENNSYLVANIA MAN ALLEGEDLY FOUND WITH OVER 100 SETS OF HUMAN REMAINS IN HOME, STORAGE UNIT: ‘HORROR MOVIE’

There have been three major mass-grave incidents in Kenya over the past three years. (Andrew Kasuku/AP Photo)

There have been three major mass-grave incidents in Kenya over the past three years.

Police in 2023 uncovered hundreds of bodies buried in a forest in Kenya’s coastal Kilifi region, exhuming mass graves tied to a religious leader accused of starving his followers to death.

In 2024, authorities recovered nine bodies from a dumpsite in Nairobi, the Eastern African nation’s capital.

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The latest discovery comes as concerns grow among some Kenyans over alleged abuses by police.

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Missing Voices, a human rights group, said it documented 125 extrajudicial killings and six enforced disappearances in Kenya over the past year, compared to 104 reported killings the year before.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Republican US lawmaker demands Congress vote on any Iran troop deployment

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Republican US lawmaker demands Congress vote on any Iran troop deployment

United States Representative Nancy Mace, a Republican, has said Congress should have a say in any decisions to deploy troops to Iran, further underscoring division within US President Donald Trump’s political party.

Mace’s comments on Sunday came days after she emerged from a classified House of Representatives briefing on the war, saying it had raised concerns over the administration’s plans.

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They also came on the same day the Washington Post reported the Pentagon is preparing for limited ground operations in Iran, including raids on Kharg Island and sites near the Strait of Hormuz.

“If we’re going to do a conventional ground operation with Marines and 82nd Airborne that is a ground war that I believe Congress should have a say and we should be briefed,” Mace said during an interview on CNN.

“We don’t want troops on the ground,” Mace added.

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“I think that’s a line for a lot of people. If we’re going to do that, then come to Congress and get the proper authorities to do so.”

Trump has so far not publicly supported deploying US troops to Iran, but has maintained that all options remain on the table. He has broadly claimed success in the month since the US and Israel launched the war on February 28, but his endgame and final timeline for the conflict have remained unclear.

Military analysts and Trump’s own director of national intelligence have said that while Iran’s military capabilities have been diminished in the fighting, the country still maintains the ability to inflict damage on the region and to potentially rebuild.

Many experts have also pointed to the limits of using air power alone in fully degrading Iran’s military capabilities, destroying its nuclear programme, or in achieving more comprehensive regime change.

In a statement on Sunday, White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt did not deny the Washington Post’s report, but said the Pentagon regularly prepares a range of options for the president to review.

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“It’s the job of the Pentagon to make preparations in order to give the commander-in-chief maximum optionality. It does not mean the president has made a decision,” Leavitt told the newspaper.

Inter-party divisions

Deploying boots on the ground has been a major political Rubicon for Trump, who has long favoured swift and finite military action abroad in what he calls an “America First” strategy.

The decision would also be a major gut check for Republican lawmakers, who have generally thrown their support behind Trump even as influential figures in his “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) movement have condemned the war.

That was largely on display at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) gathering held in Dallas, Texas over the weekend, where several speakers cheered the war or avoided the issue altogether.

However, former member of Congress and Trump ally Matt Gaetz directly decried any possible ground invasion.

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“A ground invasion of Iran will make our country poorer and less safe,” he said. “It will mean higher gas prices, higher food prices, and I’m not sure we would end up killing more terrorists than we would create.”

The US has increased its military presence in the region in recent days, with the US Central Command (CENTCOM) saying about 3,500 additional soldiers arrived in the Middle East on board the USS Tripoli on Saturday.

About 2,000 soldiers from the US Army’s 82nd Airborne Division were diverted from the Asia Pacific region prior to that.

Last week, the Wall Street Journal reported that Trump was weighing sending an additional 10,000 troops to the region, where about 40,000 US troops are typically stationed.

Speaking to Politico last week, Representatives Eli Crane and Derrick Van Orden, both Republicans and former members of the military, also said their support for the war would shift if Trump deployed troops.

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“My biggest concern this whole time is that this would turn into another long Middle Eastern war,” Crane told the news site.

“Though I don’t want to try and take away any of the president’s ability to carry out this operation, I know a lot of our supporters and a lot of members of Congress are very concerned,” he said.

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