COLOMBO, Sri Lanka — As Sri Lankans waited hours in line for gas, sweated by the springtime warmth throughout each day energy cuts, and watched the worth of their incomes erode, the president, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, blamed forces past his management.

“This disaster was not created by me,” he stated in an deal with final month, urging the nation to “have religion” in his actions.

Tens of hundreds of protesters at the moment are swarming the streets of the capital, Colombo, and clashing with safety forces outdoors the ruling household’s official residences. They’re operating low on important items and persistence — and demanding that the president step down.

Sri Lanka was imagined to be a postwar success story, a fast-developing financial system dedicated to therapeutic after many years of battle. As a substitute, it’s the newest democratic nation backsliding into authoritarianism, below the misguided insurance policies of a ruler who critics say is extra targeted on defending his household’s political dynasty than the nation’s fledgling establishments and financial system.

To make sure his household’s political future, Mr. Rajapaksa, 72, has undermined the prison justice system, jailed dissenters and quashed the opposition. He has drastically expanded his presidential powers, stocking the federal government along with his kin, fellow navy males and right-wing monks aligned along with his law-and-order mind-set.

It has left the nation ill-equipped to cope with a rising financial and debt disaster. Its coffers are all however drained after the island nation was closed to vacationers for a lot of the coronavirus pandemic and after a sequence of coverage missteps. And on Tuesday, the federal government stated it was suspending funds on its worldwide debt, a sign that financial circumstances might worsen.

Now, Sri Lanka is making an attempt to preserve money for emergency provides of gas and different primary items. The fertile nation that produces a few of the world’s most sought-after tea is dealing with widespread meals insecurity. And protesters are filling the streets of Colombo, a lot of them younger professionals who had taken without any consideration that they might have regular electrical energy and web service, entry to imported espresso and vehicles, in addition to a promising future.

Shathurshan Jayantharaj’s fleet of supply vans got here to a halt when diesel provides dwindled. Mr. Jayantharaj, 25, has been protesting in Colombo practically day-after-day in opposition to what he sees because the incompetence of the Rajapaksa-dominated authorities.

“We would have achieved rather a lot, however we’re shedding all of it proper now,” he stated. “This household doesn’t know what it’s doing, they usually’re taking us all down with them.”

Campaigning for workplace in 2019, Mr. Rajapaksa promised to revive security and solvency to a rustic nonetheless reeling after greater than 250 folks have been killed in a sequence of suicide bombings on Easter Sunday that yr. His wartime report gave him credibility.

As protection secretary when his brother, Mahinda Rajapaksa, was president, he and his household have been hailed for ending the nation’s civil warfare in 2009 and for creating an financial system that turned a mannequin for different nations in search of to rebuild. He benefited from the general public outrage over proof that the federal government on the time had ignored warnings concerning the terrorist assaults.

Mr. Rajapaksa gained in a landslide election.

The ambiance in Sri Lanka virtually instantly shifted. The lead detective for the Legal Investigations Division, or C.I.D., which had been spearheading investigations into the Rajapaksas, fled to Switzerland. Outstanding journalists, diplomats and different safety officers rushed to go away.

Their fears weren’t unwarranted. Mr. Rajapaksa has expanded using an antiterror legislation that the European Union and United Nations say has led to “constant and well-founded allegations” of human rights abuses to jail a whole lot of individuals.

Hejaaz Hizbullah, a distinguished Muslim human rights lawyer who challenged Mahinda Rajapaksa’s energy seize throughout a constitutional disaster in 2018, was amongst them, jailed on expenses of hate speech.

After greater than a yr and a half, Mr. Hizbullah, who denies the fees, acquired bail in February. He needs to talk for these he says are unfairly incarcerated below the phobia legislation, however fears retaliation.

“I’m an accused and it’s stifling,” he stated.

Mr. Rajapaksa additionally established a Presidential Fee of Inquiry, a software that critics say has been used to reverse courtroom judgments, pardon political allies and defend the household from allegations of wartime atrocities.

Shani Abeysakara, the C.I.D. director who labored on the handful of human rights circumstances that made headway below the earlier president, has discovered himself earlier than the fee greater than 40 occasions.

In Mr. Rajapaksa’s first month in workplace, Mr. Abeysakara was demoted to the non-public assistant of a provincial police chief. He was later arrested and jailed on expenses of fabricating proof within the case of a former high-ranking police official near Gotabaya Rajapaksa who was convicted of murdering a businessman.

The police official was acquitted of the fees final March.

Mr. Rajapaksa has additionally centralized energy within the president’s workplace, giving himself the flexibility to nominate and dismiss ministers, preside over previously impartial commissions and set financial coverage with few checks and balances.

He used his newfound powers to show the Sri Lankan authorities into one thing resembling a household agency, appointing his three brothers to probably the most plum ministerial posts: Mahinda as prime minister, Chamal as minister of protection, and Basil as finance minister.

When Basil Rajapaksa took the submit, Sri Lanka’s financial system was already extremely leveraged with dollar-denominated debt. It was additionally operating low on {dollars} to purchase important imports, comparable to medication and gas.

Regardless of the challenges, the brand new authorities minimize taxes and began printing cash, hoping to generate native business. As a substitute, folks spent the additional money importing vehicles and different international items. Then, when the pandemic hit, Sri Lanka’s two prime sources of {dollars} — tourism and remittances from Sri Lankans dwelling overseas — collapsed.

To be able to save {dollars}, the federal government began banning imports.

In April 2021, the Rajapakas declared that Sri Lanka would instantly shift to natural farming, imposing an import ban on fertilizer.

The shock — and the condemnation — have been swift.

“There’s a saying {that a} famine comes after an epidemic,” stated Muditha Perera, a rice growers’ affiliation president. “Nevertheless, the famine which goes to happen was invited by the federal government and never a pure one. This authorities has intentionally destroyed the nation’s agriculture.”

The federal government has acquired donations from China of rice, a Sri Lankan staple, and paid a premium to import further provides of it from Myanmar.

Basil Rajapaksa acknowledged that the nation was “dealing with a harmful international change disaster,” however he ignored economists’ pleas to hunt assist from the Worldwide Financial Fund. He additionally refused to reply questions concerning the nation’s stability sheet with members of Sri Lanka’s Parliament, together with these from the ruling coalition.

Because the Sri Lankan forex, the rupee, continued to plunge, the federal government tried to cap the rising expense of its debt by pegging its forex to the greenback. However that solely created a parallel black market the place the rupee was price about two-thirds of the official change price.

The Rajapaksa authorities lastly bowed to strain to let the Sri Lanka rupee float, and it rapidly sank. Not even Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s announcement final month that his authorities was in talks with the I.M.F. for a bailout has helped it get well.

Sri Lanka’s finance ministry on Thursday suspended funds on about $7 billion in debt, to bondholders, establishments and international locations which have lent the nation cash. Warning of a possible default, the nation is making an attempt to barter with collectors, and can have bother borrowing till an I.M.F. settlement is reached.

“We’re getting paid the identical as we did earlier than, however all the pieces prices much more now,” stated 28-year-old Lozaine Pereira, a contract filmmaker who was amongst a loud crowd pushing in opposition to the barricades at a protest outdoors the prime minister’s residence this month. “Simply dwelling daily has turn into a battle.”

Because the protests acquire steam throughout the nation, the Rajapaksas are more and more susceptible.

Lots of the president’s kin resigned en masse from their authorities posts final week, in a seeming effort to appease the protesters. However the demonstrators have continued to collect, establishing tents and moveable latrines alongside an oceanside park in Colombo in preparation for the lengthy haul.

The Rajapaksas’ common hard-line ways — denouncing opponents and jailing critics — are proving much less efficient in opposition to a spontaneous wave of discontent amongst a public that’s more durable to silence.

“The identical individuals who voted him into energy are on the streets asking him to get out,” stated Brandon Ingram, a artistic director at an advert company in Colombo who has joined the protests. “So, is he going to go away?”

Aanya Wipulasena and Skandha Gunasekara contributed reporting.