Wyoming
Rooted in Wyoming Incubator Garden and Fall Festival
The Incubator Garden at Rooted in Wyoming is growing well. David Johnson, Executive Director of Rooted in Wyoming, explains what the garden is.
Currently they are growing potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, beets and other plants, on a quarter acre. Johnson said the whole property that they have to use is 19 acres. He would like to thank Dan Reinke who has collaborated with Rooted on the property, which was a hay field.
He talked about SCSD#2 with the Fifth Street Greenhouse, and their pilot production for hydroponic gardening which grew over 590 pounds of leafy greens, and they donated a great deal of the production to the food group and other groups in the area during the summer. “That turned out quite well,” Johnson said. It will be used in the school lunch program.
He talked about some of the ideas they have for the garden.
The garden produce is organically grown, weeding is done by hand, and they used companion plantings for insect control. Johnson said there are 20 raised beds, made by rolling out cardboard on the grass that has been mowed short, then adding soil and compost on top of the cardboard.
He said they are working with SCSD#2 to provide vegetables for their school food program. “We talked to Leslie Haberkern, food services manager, and she gave a list of ten crops she wanted us to grow.” These included potatoes, tomatoes, and carrots, crops that are easy for the cooks to prepare.
Ellie Martin, chairman of the Rooted in Wyoming board, has been with Rooted for six years. She and her daughter, Evelyn, were at the garden on Friday pulling weeds. She talked about the first year at the Bridges location.
Ian Cannon-Wallace, project and outreach coordinator, talked about the teaching garden which they built in June, and the upcoming festival and fundraiser they will have on Sept. 7.
Everyone is welcome to come to Bridges on Saturday, Sept. 7 to help the celebrate Rooted in Wyoming’s first year there.
For more information and tickets for the event, go to the website, Rooted in Wyoming
Wyoming
Wyoming Legislature to Convene 2025 General Session Tuesday
The 68th Wyoming Legislature will convene for the 2025 General Session on Tuesday at Noon. The bodies will hold opening ceremonies as their first order of business, and newly elected members of the Legislature and legislative leadership will be sworn in. Following a brief recess, the bodies will begin introduction and referral of bills Tuesday afternoon. All floor proceedings and committee meetings during the 2025 General Session will be broadcast live via the Legislature’s YouTube channel.
The Legislature will then convene in a joint session of the Wyoming Senate and House of Representatives on Wednesday at 10 am, during the second day of legislative proceedings. At that time, Gov. Mark Gordon will deliver his State of the State message, followed by the State of the Judiciary message, delivered by Wyoming Supreme Court Chief Justice Kate M. Fox in the House Chamber at the Wyoming State Capitol.
Wyoming
230 Million-Year-Old Fossil From Wyoming Challenges Dinosaur Origin Theories
Though paleontologists have been discussing the origin and spread of dinosaurs for decades, the widely accepted theory was that they emerged in the southern part of the ancient continent of Pangea over 200 million years ago, and only spread northward millions of years later. A new study dramatically changes the conversation.
University of Wisconsin–Madison (UW–Madison) paleontologists announced the discovery of a new dinosaur that challenges the conventional theory about the dinosaurs’ origin and spread. The location and age of the newly-described fossils suggest that dinosaurs prowled the northern regions of Pangea millions of years earlier than previously hypothesized. The findings were detailed in a January 8 study published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
“We’re kind of filling in some of this story, and we’re showing that the ideas that we’ve held for so long — ideas that were supported by the fragmented evidence that we had — weren’t quite right,” Dave Lovelace of the University of Wisconsin Geology Museum, who co-led the study, said in a UW–Madison statement. “We now have this piece of evidence that shows dinosaurs were here in the northern hemisphere much earlier than we thought.”
The paleontologists uncovered the theory-defying fossils in present-day Wyoming in 2013. Due to Earth’s shifting tectonic plates, this region was located near the equator over 200 million years ago on Laurasia, the northern half of Pangea (the southern half was called Gondwana). While the remains were fragmented, the paleontologists were able to attribute the fossils to a new dinosaur species they named Ahvaytum bahndooiveche, which was likely an early sauropod relative. Ahvaytum, however, looked very different from the iconic long-necked herbivores.
“It was basically the size of a chicken but with a really long tail,” said Lovelace. “We think of dinosaurs as these giant behemoths, but they didn’t start out that way.” The adult specimen was just over a foot tall (30.5 centimeters) and about three feet long (91.4 cm).
Perhaps most shockingly, however, is the age of the fossil. Lovelace and his colleagues used radioisotopic dating (a method for determining the age of materials by measuring radioactive decay) to determine that the rock layers where they’d found the Ahvaytum fossils—and thus roughly the remains themselves—were about 230 million years old. This makes Ahvaytum the oldest known Laurasian dinosaur, and about equivalent in age to the earliest known Gondwanan dinosaurs, according to the study. Dinosaurs first emerged during the Triassic period, around 230 million years ago. This era, which lasted from about 252 to 201 million years ago, saw the rise of the earliest dinos, before they became dominant in the Jurassic period.
“We have, with these fossils, the oldest equatorial dinosaur in the world — it’s also North America’s oldest dinosaur,” Lovelace added. The fact that the oldest known Laurasian dinosaur is about as old as the earliest known Gondwanan dinosaurs consequently challenges the theory that dinosaurs originated in the south of the ancient continent and only spread north millions of years later.
The site of the discovery is within the ancestral lands of the Eastern Shoshone Tribe. As a result, the researchers partnered with tribal members throughout their work, and included Eastern Shoshone elders and middle school students in choosing the new dinosaur’s name. Ahvaytum bahndooiveche roughly translates to “long ago dinosaur” in the Eastern Shoshone language.
The region also yielded additional finds. The team identified an early dinosaur-like footprint in older rock layers, meaning that dinosaurs or dinosaur-related creatures were calling Laurasia home even before Ahvaytum. The paleontologists also uncovered the fossil of a newly described amphibian, which was also named in the Eastern Shoshone language.
In challenging long-standing theories about how dinosaurs spread across Pangea, the discovery of the chicken-sized Ahvaytum ultimately paints a clearer picture of the creatures that walked the Earth—and where—millions of years before us.
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