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Daily Business Report: April 23, 2024, San Diego Metro Magazine

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Daily Business Report: April 23, 2024, San Diego Metro Magazine


Electronic health records unlock

genetics of tobacco use disorder

By Miles Martin (UC San Diego)

By analyzing electronic health records, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have identified hundreds of new genes associated with tobacco use disorder. They also identified hundreds of potential drug candidates that could help treat the disease. The study was published on April 17, 2024, in Nature Human Behavior.

“Tobacco use disorder has an enormous impact on public health,” said Sandra Sanchez-Roige, an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UC San Diego School of Medicine. “However, it’s challenging to develop new therapeutics for tobacco use disorder because so much of its underlying genetics is poorly understood.”

According to the World Health Organization, there are about 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide, and 80 percent of these people live in low and middle-income countries. The public health effects of tobacco use extend far beyond those who use it themselves; tobacco kills more than 8 million people each year and an estimated 1.3 million of these deaths are nonsmokers who were exposed to secondhand smoke.

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Top photo credit: Noble Prime/Unsplash

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A 3D rendering of neurons and how they connect and communicate through synaptic connections. (Credit: Sanford Burnham Prebys)

Common HIV treatments may aid Alzheimer’s disease patients

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) currently afflicts nearly seven million people in the U.S. With this number expected to grow to nearly 13 million by 2050, the lack of meaningful therapies represents a major unmet medical need. Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys have now identified promising real-world links between common HIV drugs and a reduced incidence of AD. The study, led by Jerold Chun, M.D., was published in Pharmaceuticals.

Chun’s new research builds on his lab’s landmark publication  in Nature in 2018 that described how somatic gene recombination in neurons can produce thousands of new gene variants within Alzheimer’s disease brains. Importantly, it also revealed for the first time how the Alzheimer’s-linked gene, APP, is recombined by using the same type of enzyme found in HIV.

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The enzyme, called reverse transcriptase (RT), copies RNA molecules and changes them into complementary DNA duplicates that can then be inserted back into DNA, producing permanent sequence changes within the cell’s DNA blueprint.

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California leaders take sides in monumental

Supreme Court case on homelessness

By Marisa Kendall | CalMatters

The U.S. Supreme Court is about to hear the biggest case about homelessness in decades, and it seems like everyone in California has an opinion. At issue: whether and under what conditions cities can fine or arrest people for camping in public spaces. The ruling will have nationwide implications for how local leaders manage homeless encampments.

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Where does Gov. Gavin Newsom stand on that issue? What about the leaders of California’s major cities? Our law enforcement agencies? Homelessness experts? How about President Joe Biden’s administration?

Many people and organizations have filed amicus briefs to the Supreme Court for the case, which means they’ve written out their opinion and submitted it in writing to the Justices for them to consider.

The case,  Johnson v. Grants Pass, stems from a 2018 lawsuit challenging an ordinance approved by the small city in Southern Oregon that essentially made it illegal for homeless residents to camp on all public property throughout the city.

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easyJet is one of the first commercial aircraft partners to use Iris. (Credit: Viasat)

Reducing emissions with Iris Air Traffic Management

Led by the European Space Agency (ESA) in partnership with Viasat, Iris is a ground-breaking ATM program that enables aircraft to fly more fuel-efficient routes by providing digital satellite communications to complement VHF data link, which is nearing a capacity crunch in increasingly congested airspace. By digitally connecting the ATM ecosystem, it enhances collaboration between pilots and air traffic controllers to maximize airspace use and reduce the impact of disruptions for passengers. This means the industry will be able to double or even triple the number of planes in the proximate airspace while flying environmentally optimized trajectories.

Iris is also able to help decarbonize the skies through the use of 4D Trajectory-Based Operations. One of the first airlines to start using the Iris ATM program is easyJet. Using ‘4D trajectories’ that can pinpoint an aircraft in four dimensions – latitude, longitude, altitude, and time – pilots and air traffic controllers can calculate the shortest available routes, cruise at optimum altitudes, and use continuous climb and descent paths. With this real-time information, fuel emissions can be significantly reduced.

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Australia’s first multi-intelligence MQ-4C Triton takes to the skies for the first time on Thursday, Nov. 9, 2023 in Palmdale, Calif. (Photo Credit: Northrop Grumman)

Northrop Grumman expands Australia MQ-4C Triton support team

Northrop Grumman Australia has signed a contract with L3Harris Corporation for the operation and maintenance of command-and-control systems aboard Australia’s MQ-4C Triton multi-intelligence uncrewed aircraft fleet. The collaboration is another milestone in advance of delivery of the platform to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).

As prime systems integrator on Triton, Northrop Grumman has collaborated with several suppliers to integrate and maintain key systems and technologies on the platform to provide the capabilities required by the RAAF.

Northrop Grumman successfully completed the first flight of Australia’s MQ-4C Triton uncrewed aircraft at its Palmdale facility in California in November 2023. The flight marks a major production milestone as Northrop Grumman progresses toward delivery of Australia’s first Triton in 2024.

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Latitude 33 Planning &  Engineering opens new office in Los Angeles

San Diego-based Latitude 33 Planning & Engineering recently celebrated the expansion of its Southern California presence with the opening of a new office in downtown Los Angeles. Opened in mid-March, Latitude 33’s new office is at The Collection, located at 527 W. 7th St., 9th floor. To help lead the Los Angeles office, Latitude 33 has welcomed Jacqueline Reed, DBIA as Project Development Director.  Ms. Reed earned her BS in Civil Engineering from UC Irvine, and brings 13 years of industry experience, most recently in the general contracting sector.

Legal Aid Society of San Diego dedicates

building in honor of its late CEO Gregory E. Knoll

The Legal Aid Society of San Diego (LASSD) unveiled and dedicated its Midtown building in honor of its late CEO Gregory E. Knoll. The dedication took place on Thursday, April 18, at 1764 San Diego Ave., San Diego. Knoll grew LASSD from a small group of attorneys with a budget of $700,000 in 1974 to an organization that today has a staff of 230, including 80 full-time attorneys, 200 volunteers, and a budget of $28 million. He revolutionized the delivery of public healthcare to low-income people.

New owners group takes over The Harp in Ocean Beach

There is a new ownership team at the iconic Irish bar The Harp in Ocean Beach. The new management lineup includes Miles Doughty, frontman for OB-based reggae-rock band Slightly Stoopid; long-time Sunshine Company bartender Steve Ashton; industry veteran Tyson Green, and Hodad’s company president/CEO Jeremy Diem. The new ownership group is interested in transforming The Harp into “a place for all the locals, all of the community to come with ther families and kids.”

Crowe PR and Movetic announce strategic alliance

Crowe PR, a national integrated public relations agency announced its strategic alliance with Movetic, a brand consultancy. The long-time agency partners are formalizing their relationship to better service and help grow food and beverage, wellness and apparel brands with a more robust creative services offering. Crowe PR and Movetic have collaboratively supported consumer goods brands for over six years.  The partnership began during their work on Skrewball Whiskey.

San Diego Public Library launches program to erase library fines

The San Diego Public Library (SDPL) is removing barriers to library access with the new Fresh Start  program. The program offers one-time fine forgiveness for patrons whose juvenile accounts have been suspended for unreturned items, allowing them full access to library programs and services. Fresh Start will erase any past debts owed by SDPL library card holders under the age of 18 and lift suspensions on those accounts. There are currently more than 2,770 people under the age of 18 whose SDPL accounts have been suspended because they did not return items.

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Frontwave Arena selects Levy to craft food & beverage at multi-purpose venue

Frontwave Arena has selected Levy, the market leader in creating world-class hospitality  at iconic sports and entertainment venues, to partner on an elevated food and beverage  experience at the new multi-purpose venue in Oceanside. Levy will oversee evey aspect of hospitality for the 7,500 person arena, from concourse concessiond to premium  suites, VIP viewing decks,  exclusive lounges, bars, and an open-air patio. Frontwave will open in September.

Edwina Williams honored with Regina Stanback Stroud Diversity Award

MiraCosta College part-time faculty Edwina Williams earns the 2024 Regina Stanback Stroud Diversity Award. The Academic Senate for California Community Colleges generously sponsors this accolade for California Community Colleges. It celebrates faculty members who significantly contribute to fostering intercultural harmony, equity, and diversity across their campuses. Williams has been at the forefront of incorporating evidence-based teaching and learning strategies,

Airport features live performances inspired by the sounds of airport terminals

San Diego International Airport has resumed its Performing Arts Residency Programm which cultivates the local performing arts community by inviting artist groups to develop and perform new works in the terminals. After a three-year hiatus due to the pandemic, DrumatiX, a creative percussion company, was selected to develop, rehearse, and perfirm new percussion-based dances in the airport terminals that are inspired by sounds heard during the travelers’ airport journey.

Scripps Encinitas named among top 100 hospitals in the U.S.

Scripps Memorial Hospital Encinitas has been named among the top 100 hospitals in the nation, based on a study conducted by health care technology and services platform PINC AI. Recognized in the medium community hospitals category, Scripps Encinitas was the only hospital in Southern California to make the prestigious list this year. Scripps Encinitas was ranked No. 10 among the 20 medium community hospitals included in the overall top 100 list.

San Diego plans to install over 400 EV chargers in parking lots

In its continuing efforts to combat climate change and create a regional network encouraging consumers to switch to electric vehicles, the City of San Diego has approved a plan to install 400-plus EV chargers in city parking lots including libraries, beaches, parks and recreation centers. True Upside Consulting has also been selected by the city to contract with it to build a regional EV charging station network. The City Council is expected to consider that contract, which requires no upfront City investment while requiring the contractor to pay for the use of city property, in May.

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Padres come back, walk off with win over Cardinals to split series

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Padres come back, walk off with win over Cardinals to split series


It seemed like the same tired story.

Instead, it was the same thriller.

The Padres pushed their offensive lethargy as long as possible without paying for it Sunday, tying the game with two outs in the ninth inning on Nick Castellanos’ two-run homer and then celebrating after Manny Machado’s sacrifice fly in the 10th inning gave them a 3-2 victory over the Cardinals.

“Getting it done,” Machado said.

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That’s it. That is all they are doing.

And at what is essentially the quarter mark of the season, the Padres are 24-16 and tied with the Dodgers atop the National League West.

The shocking component of their having the major leagues’ fifth-best record is that the Padres rank in the bottom three among MLB’s 30 teams in batting average and OPS.

They split with the Cardinals despite having 14 hits, their fewest in a four-game series in franchise history. Their 61 hits over their past 10 games are the fewest in a stretch that long since 2019, and they are 5-5 in those games.

“It sucks; we need to hit; Machado said. “I mean, you know, look, it’s obvious. We’re not hitting. It’s obvious, but we’re getting things done, man.”

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Nick Castellanos #21 of the San Diego Padres watches his two-run home run in the ninth inning against the St. Louis Cardinals at Petco Park on May 10, 2026 in San Diego, CA. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

Sunday was the Padres’ 12th victory this season in which the decisive run was scored in the seventh inning or later. That is exactly half their victories.

It was their fourth walk-off victory, their second in extra innings. It was the seventh time that a run scored in their final offensive half-inning decided a victory.

So it is no small thing to proffer that Sunday was possibly their most dramatic triumph. Because it was possibly their most unlikely one.

Not only were they a strike away from defeat, but they began the ninth inning having gotten two hits all day.

The Cardinals took a 2-0 lead in the fourth inning on their first two hits off Walker Buehler — a single by Alec Burleson and a home run by Jordan Walker with two outs. Buehler pitched six innings, allowing just one more hit before Ron Marinaccio worked two scoreless innings.

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But the Padres were unable to make anything of their seven at-bats with runners in scoring position over the first eight innings. They had walked five times but had just Jackson Merrill’s third-inning single and Xander Bogaerts’ fourth-inning double to that point.

“Really good teams find ways to win games when they’re not doing their best,” Gavin Sheets said. “… We’re not clicking on all cylinders by any means. And I don’t think any of us would say that he’s on a roll right now, but we’re getting hits in a timely fashion and it’s someone different every night.”

Almost.

The Padres have game-winning RBIs from 10 different players. They have go-ahead RBIs from 13 of the 14 position players who have been on their roster this season. Sunday was Castellanos’s third game-tying RBI.

His home run, on the ninth pitch of his at-bat against Cardinals closer Riley O’Brien, was something of a clinic by a veteran hitter who is in his first season as a role player.

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Castellenos, who entered the game as a pinch-hitter in the seventh inning and remained in right field, came to the plate with Bogaerts at first base with two outs.

Bogaerts’ single leading off the inning had been followed by two strikeouts, and Castellanos fell behind 0-2 before working the count full and then sending a 99 mph sinker on the inner edge of the plate almost to the ribbon scoreboard fronting the second level of seats beyond left field.

“The first pitch started, and I was probably looking to do what I did,” he said. “And then I ended up getting 0-2 and chasing. After that, just took a deep breath and tried to shorten up as much as possible and just compete. Just find a way on base. And then found myself in a full account and was able to get the job done.”

It was the first home run allowed by O’Brien this season.

Nick Castellanos #21 of the San Diego Padres is dunked by Gavin Sheets #30 after a 3-2 win against the St. Louis Cardinals at Petco Park on May 10, 2026 in San Diego, CA. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
Nick Castellanos #21 of the San Diego Padres is dunked by Gavin Sheets #30 after a 3-2 win against the St. Louis Cardinals at Petco Park on May 10, 2026 in San Diego, CA. (K.C. Alfred / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

With closer Mason Miller not available after throwing 29 pitches over 1⅓ innings on Saturday, Jeremiah Estrada got the first two outs of the 10th. With runners on first and second, Adrian Morejón entered the game and got an inning-ending pop out on his first pitch.

Gordon Graceffo was on the mound for the Cardinals, and Ramón Laureano was the Padres’ automatic runner in the 10th. The Cardinals intentionally walked Merrill at the start before Fernando Tatis Jr. whittled a 1-2 count into a walk to load the bases.

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The game was over one pitch later, when Machado sent a fastball to right-center field and Laureano slid across the plate well in front of right fielder Jordan Walker’s throw.

It was a somewhat subdued but still enthusiastic celebration along the first-base line, as teammates bounced around Machado.

“It’s hard to win a game like that,” Padres manager Craig Stammen said. “Their pitchers pitched great, and they’re bringing in one of the best closers in the game. And we just stuck with it. It just speaks to how those guys believe in themselves and how they believe in what we’ve got going on as a team.”



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It’s ‘trust, but verify’ for new AI spine surgery system

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It’s ‘trust, but verify’ for new AI spine surgery system


On a recent morning, Dr. Joseph Osorio arrived in the operating room ready to sink six surgical screws into his patient’s spine, and he did not seem remotely nervous that their placement and size had been recommended by artificial intelligence software.

Osorio was the first neurosurgeon on the West Coast to begin using Medtronic’s new “Stealth AXiS” surgical robotic system, conducting a spinal fusion procedure to treat degenerative scoliosis at Jacobs Medical Center in La Jolla by anchoring two small custom-shaped metal rods across three vertebrae in his patient’s lower spine.

The process started with a CT scan, identifying the segment of spine that needed reinforcement. A program analyzed the resulting three-dimensional image, using an AI model trained on information from previous successful surgeries, not just where screws should go, but also the best path for their insertion.

An X-ray is taken of a patient’s spine before a spinal fusion surgery at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health in La Jolla on Wednesday, April 29, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

Board-certified with thousands of such surgeries in his past, having completed a fellowship at Columbia University after a surgical residency at UC San Francisco, Osorio is well-qualified to make these calls with zero help from technology. So, why bother using an algorithm to plan these crucial, but routine details?

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The utility, he said, is similar to what many are now experiencing when they use AI writing tools. The software can quickly get a person to the neighborhood of what they intend to say.

“You might say, ‘write me a paragraph on this,’ and it’s going to cut down your time, but you might still need to change some words, add a comma, tweak a sentence … that’s essentially what the AI is doing here,” Osorio said.

In this particular case, the AI system’s recommendations for screw length and diameter seemed on point, allowing the army of surgical technicians assisting with the procedure to pull the proper supplies ahead of time. The suggested locations, though, did require minor adjustment.

“It was slight, very slight, I’d say probably, like one or two millimeter adjustments,” Osorio said.

And the AI auto planning feature, he added, is even more useful in situations where a patient’s health insurance company will not pay for a pre-surgical CT scan, meaning that the guiding image must be taken after the patient is already sedated in an operating room on the day of their surgery.

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An X-ray is taken of a patient's spine before a spinal fusion surgery at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health in La Jolla on Wednesday, April 29, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)Dr. Joseph Osorio, a neurosurgeon, uses the Medtronic Stealth Axis Autopilot during a spinal fusion surgery at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health in La Jolla on Wednesday, April 29, 2026. The machine uses artificial intelligence to help navigate a patient's spine.(Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
An X-ray is taken of a patient’s spine before a spinal fusion surgery at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health in La Jolla on Wednesday, April 29, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

Once a digital surgical plan is created and approved by a qualified surgeon, a surgical robot can use a system of cameras and electromagnetic sensors, registered against each patient’s anatomy with an initial X-ray, to move its arm to each screw location, placing a drilling guide at the exact angle needed to put each anchor in the correct spot. Here, too, AI is at work comparing previously recorded X-rays with real-time sensor data to compensate for any patient movements that may occur.

It is an evolution of Medtronic’s previous “Mazor” robotic spike system, which had already achieved levels of anatomy navigation using sensors and cameras that have reduced the need for X-ray images during surgery. And other medical device companies have launched similar systems, building in AI functions as the entire industry begins to see such augmentation as table stakes to play in a market that has always been as competitive as a high-stakes table in a Las Vegas casino.

Patients may wonder whether this push toward AI guidance is a good thing. After all, this is a technology that has made headlines for its ability to “hallucinate” convincing, but incorrect details.

ECRI, an independent non-profit organization that works to improve patient safety and cost effectiveness in health care, has been watching these systems develop.

In an email, Scott Lucas, ECRI’s vice president of devices, therapeutics and technology, said that the organization does not comment on any individual case or procedure, but has found that AI-enabled systems do have their merits.

“We can say that AI seems to be particularly helpful when it is used to support imaging, planning, navigation and precision in technically demanding procedures such as spine surgery,” Lucas said. “These tools may help surgeons in multiple ways, including tailoring procedures to a patient’s anatomy and improving consistency in implant placement and alignment.”

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An AI-enabled display depicts the position of surgical screws being inserted into a patient's vertebra during a spinal fusion surgery at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health in La Jolla on Wednesday, April 29, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
An AI-enabled display depicts the position of surgical screws being inserted into a patient’s vertebra during a spinal fusion surgery at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health in La Jolla on Wednesday, April 29, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

That said, the executive makes it clear that there is no argument for blind loyalty. In these early days, he argues, AI assistance should be less involved with surgeries, and there must be a clear path that allows surgeons to verify the work that their algorithmic assistants perform.

“Used well, AI may strengthen surgical safety; used without appropriate governance, human oversight, training and monitoring, it could introduce new risks, including overreliance, workflow disruption, planning errors or automation bias,” Lucas said.

Such bias, he added, occurs when a surgeon “fails to recognize when the technology is wrong.”

Osorio said that he believes the checks and balances built into the new system he is now using weekly do give him solid checkpoints to make sure that the machine is not hallucinating. While screw placement calculations will automatically calculate for straightforward placements, those with particularly complicated circumstances, such as anatomy that significantly deviates from the norm, will not proceed.

“If things aren’t lining up perfectly in the image, or they’re getting some feedback, it will just refuse to place a screw in that corridor,” Osorio said. “So, it’s only making recommendations in locations that meet the highest standards, and it still requires the surgeon to validate every level.”

AI is now also involved in the calculations used to move the robotic arm to the correct locations for screw insertions and also to make real-time corrections for any patient movement, Medtronic confirmed by email.

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Here too, Osorio said, there are ways to verify that the robot’s calculations are pointing at the correct vertebrae, even though this type of minimally invasive surgery does not expose the target bone before screw insertion.

Surgeons use a bony projection at the back of each vertebra called the spinous process to check the robot’s accuracy, laying a special navigation ring over the landmark to verify that what is showing on the computer’s calculated location screen matches the robot’s arm position.

“A very common statement is ‘trust, but verify’,” Osorio said.

While robotic spine surgery is the latest to begin the process of AI integration, other systems have already made similar moves in knee and hip replacements, urologic procedures, and in some aspects of general surgery.

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Del Mar enacts new attendance rules for board, commission, committee members

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Del Mar enacts new attendance rules for board, commission, committee members


The Del Mar City Council approved an ordinance May 5 adopting attendance requirements for city commission, board and committee members due to “recent meeting attendance issues.”

The goal of the ordinance is to address “provisions that are somewhat ambiguous and subjective making them difficult to implement consistently.” A Committee Efficiencies Taskforce consisting of Mayor Tracy Martinez and Councilmember Terry Gaasterland were evaluating the issue.

The new rules are scheduled to go into effect on June 4.

“The purpose of establishing committee attendance requirements is to ensure committees function effectively with consistent member attendance and to have a fair and consistent method for handling absences, while recognizing that members may occasionally be absent due to illness or other circumstances beyond their control,” according to a council agenda report.

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Previous rules said that if a commission, board or committee member reached three absences within a 12-month period, their term was vacated, according to the report.

“This procedural change will help eliminate redundancy with the Council Policy and give the Council more flexibility to amend attendance requirements in response to the City’s changing needs,” according to the agenda report.



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