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BIA boarding schools' devastating legacy continues to echo in Alaska • Alaska Beacon

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BIA boarding schools' devastating legacy continues to echo in Alaska • Alaska Beacon


There was only one purpose for the boarding school system in Alaska. In fact, there was only one purpose for the Bureau of Indian Affairs educational program in America.

It was all about white power. White supremacy. Assimilate the savage Natives by force.

The Inupiat people of our Bering Straits region, first subjugated by the Swedish Covenant Church in Unalakleet in 1887 under a missionary named Axel Karlsson, became the norm for the Bering Straits Inupiat from that point on. Every village was dominated by the church and the BIA school system. 

In tandem with the BIA objectives, the accompanying church contracts with the U.S. government system also added their layer of rules about who the masters were over our people. 

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The unholy remnants of that system remain to this day.

All of the villages in my region, now served by Bering Straits Native Corp., have locked themselves into a system to leave their cultural roots behind. Damage was done to the arts, the languages, the heritage of Inupiat song and dance, the storytelling as my Grandma Kipo used to do and along with that, the 10,000 years of respect for elders. 

She was the last of her roots. She passed on in 1953. 

The Washington Post in an August 2023 report said that life was not easy for Native students. 

Forced by the federal government to attend the schools, Native American children were sexually assaulted, beaten and emotionally abused. They were stripped of their clothes and scrubbed with lye soap. Matrons cut their long hair. Speaking their tribal language could lead to a beating.Taken from their homes on reservations, Native American children — some as young as 5 — were forced to attend Indian boarding schools as part of an effort by the federal government to wipe out their languages and culture and assimilate them into white society. 

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As the Post reported: 

“For nearly 100 years, from the late 1870s until 1969, the U.S. government, often in partnership with churches, religious orders and missionary groups, operated and supported more than 400 Indian boarding schools in 37 states. 

“Government officials and experts estimate that tens of thousands of Native children attended the schools over several generations, though no one knows the exact number. Thousands are believed to have died at the schools.” 

There were at least a dozen combination church-government schools in Alaska that sprang up as a result of the thousands of parents that died from the Spanish flu and along with it the push to expand the boarding programs across America. 

Their charge was to completely and utterly assimilate the children. 

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The schools in Alaska included the Eklutna Vocational School, the Mt. Edgecumbe High School, the White Mountain U.S. Government School, Wrangell Institute, the Tanana Orphanage, the St. Mary’s Orphanage, the Holy Cross Orphanage and the Dillingham Tutorial School. Several of these schools were operated by churches under contracts with the federal government.

The number of Native students that attended all of these schools is unknown. 

Each and every institution had their rules and regulations handed down from officials of the federal government. Students at Wrangell Institute for example, were not always called by their names. Instead, each was given a number. If you attended Wrangell Institute from the first grade on, you were called “number so and-so,” for the next 12 years. “None of the school staff knew our names.” 

Some Alaska Native grandpas and grandmas to this day remember their numbers, like 124, “that was my name,” one said. 

A system of federal, private and religious-run boarding schools over more than 150 years did its best to wipe out thousands of years of Native languages, cultures and family ties. The damage done to these children, and to the generations that followed, is immense. 

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Somewhere in Alaska are the remnants of more than 2,000 boarding home students who have never said a word about their experiences. The fabric is still torn. I myself was abused in Shaktoolik Day School by a BIA teacher bent on something so terroristic that I still can’t understand the inhumanity. 

I was almost killed at the age of 6 for speaking Inupiat. And the teacher was making an example of me by violently washing my mouth out with a bar of Fels-Naptha soap. 

One thing I cannot yet forget is the 12-year-old girl in my classroom who sobbed as she was ordered to explain in English that I was being punished because I spoke my God-given language in class. 

I can’t remember the girl’s name. She cried so hard that day. 

Our parents did nothing. Not a word was said. And neither did anyone from the village. Nothing was done. Why? 

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At that time the word of a white man was absolute law. 

When the teacher was done washing my mouth out, he dropped me on the hardwood floor. I landed on my hands and knees with the bar of soap still in my mouth. 

I was choking, but I knew I had to live. I fought to live. I fought hard to catch a breath. Finally, the bar of soap popped out along with a mouth full of bubbles. 

That violence has never been forgotten by me. It will never leave my presence. At 81 years of age, I still take a medication for post-traumatic stress disorder once a day. 

I am not the only one in my family who was victimized by federal and church policies that have caused eternal harm. 

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One day in July, a hot summer afternoon, I met a Tlingit man I had known for years, sitting on a bench at the former Sears Mall in Anchorage. There he told me an incredible story I never knew about.

He spoke of how he came to know my parents. He said the captain of the Alaska Bureau of Indian Affairs supply ship had dropped off four little Inupiat children on the Hoonah beach on its voyage back to Seattle sometime in the 1920s. 

“They were all alone, just standing on the beach, four little ones about 4, 5, 6 years old. We saw them from our house and went down and took them home with us.” 

He allowed me to know how his father and mother raised them from then on as their own. 

The four were my dad’s siblings: Ann, George, Edward, and Axel Jackson. The captain said he put them on his ship in Nome, Alaska, to see if he could find them a home and family on his way south to Seattle. The captain also said he stopped at every village and town along the way. No one volunteered. 

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Alaska was in the midst of the Spanish flu epidemic at the time and people were dying by the thousands. Tuberculosis was also rampant. A report from that time told of people dying in every village, with at least 10 a day in the Nome area gold fields where my father’s dad, Erick Jackson, worked as a mining engineer. 

Jackson was from Finland, and was one of many who trekked across the Chilkoot Pass on his way north to the Nome gold mines. 

The Spanish flu and TB took many lives, with some villages entirely wiped out. The Tetpon family of Shaktoolik later adopted my father Eric Jackson Tetpon Sr. when he was 2 years old. 

The other four were left in Hoonah. 

Hoonah is located in Southeast Alaska and was the last stop on the supply ship’s voyage back to the Pacific Northwest. The four grew up as family members of the Mercer family in Hoonah and later, Anne, George, Edward and Axel were sent to Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon. 

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Three of the four did well and survived the hell they experienced at Chemawa Indian School. Axel Jackson did not make it. The word is that Axel was so badly abused at the school that he was admitted to the Morningside Hospital, a psychiatric facility in Portland. 

My father said he never spoke another word for about 30 years. Axel passed away there. 

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‘Punishing’: Alaska small-business owners consider next steps amid steep rises in health care costs

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‘Punishing’: Alaska small-business owners consider next steps amid steep rises in health care costs


United Way health care navigator Kelly Fehrman consults with a client about Affordable Care Act-related health insurance options from her office at the Providence Anchorage Family Medicine Center in Anchorage on June 17, 2025. (Marc Lester / ADN)

Thousands of Alaskans who purchase insurance through the Affordable Care Act marketplace will see their premiums skyrocket without the extension of subsidies that are set to expire at the end of the year.

The expiration of the enhanced premium tax credits could cripple small businesses in Alaska, some owners say, as they face premiums that in some cases will triple year over year, eating away at their ability to keep their businesses afloat.

“We’re working tooth and nail every day to make our way so we don’t have to rely on any help and assistance,” said Brie Loidolt, who owns a bookkeeping business in Anchorage and is facing an increase of hundreds of dollars per month in her premium costs.

Congress is “just punishing us for being small-business owners,” said Loidolt, who has weighed closing her business in response to the rise in health insurance costs.

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Extension of the tax credits was a top priority for Senate Democrats during the longest government shutdown in U.S. history. But the shutdown ended Wednesday with no deal to extend the health care subsidies or provide any other measure to lower the cost of health care.

Congress now has until the end of the year to extend the credits — which were enacted in 2022 — or watch them expire.

Alaska’s U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski has said she supports the extension of the tax credits, at least in the short term, to avoid the projected sharp price increase. U.S. Sen. Dan Sullivan has also said he supports an extension of the subsidies. Alaska’s U.S. Rep. Nick Begich has not spoken in favor of their extension or responded to multiple interview requests on the subject.

The agreement to end the shutdown included a promise from the Senate majority leader to hold a vote on a proposal to extend the tax credits before the end of the year, but Alaskans are already being asked to make decisions about their 2026 coverage. For them, action from Congress can’t come soon enough.

​​“I need my government, specifically my congressional delegation, to speak for me concerning the levers of power in this country, and I feel absolutely abandoned,” said Mark Robokoff, who owns a pet supply shop in Anchorage and is staring down a more than 300% increase in the cost of insurance.

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The impact of the elimination of the tax credits depends on the income, age and family size of the enrollee. Premium increases are greatest for Alaskans nearing retirement age who earn 401% of the poverty line or higher.

Of the roughly 25,000 Alaskans enrolled in plans purchased through the Affordable Care Act marketplace, many of those who will see the sharpest increase in insurance costs are owners of small businesses who say their contributions to the Alaska economy are on the line.

‘An entirely new calculus’

Robokoff said the monthly insurance premium for him and his partner is set to triple, going from $924 in 2025 to $2,886.

“This will pull the rug out from under me,” said Robokoff. “I thought I was doing the things that a society wants its members to do — create new businesses, create new jobs, improve the life of the surrounding community.”

AK Bark owner Mark Robokoff, photographed at his store in Anchorage in November 2024. (Loren Holmes / ADN archive)

Robokoff said that when he was younger, he went without insurance, but he now relies on medication that would cost thousands of dollars a month without insurance, so forgoing coverage is not an option.

Given the increase in the price of premiums, he said he will have to consider what changes to make in the business.

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“It’s an entirely new calculus. Everything is going to have to be looked at, from the prices I pay for merchandise, the quality that I try to stock, the amount that I pay my employees to keep the best ones — every single aspect of the store is going to have to be re-examined,” he said.

Robokoff said his mindset so far has been a “fingers-crossed hope that Congress would not put us in this ridiculous situation.” He thought, “our situation is so drastic that the government can’t help but come to our aid.”

“That hope and surety is rapidly being stripped away,” he said, as lawmakers have repeatedly punted on an extension.

‘Cut us at the knees’

Loidolt, who owns an accounting firm that employs four people, said her insurance premiums are set to go up roughly $500 per month, or $6,000 for the year, without the subsidies.

She already pays $1,347 per month in premiums. Without the extension of the subsidies, she’ll be paying more per month for her health insurance than she spends on her mortgage.

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“Who can afford to live when 30% of everything you bring in just pays for insurance and deductible?” Loidolt said.

Loidolt said she has tried to purchase a company plan for her business, but she learned that insurance companies largely don’t offer plans to companies in Alaska with fewer than five participating employees.

“So our hands are kind of tied there, too. It’s not like we have options and we’re choosing this more expensive option through the marketplace,” she said.

Loidolt recently suffered an accident that has left her with ongoing medical needs that would cost thousands of dollars a month without insurance. Going without insurance is not on the table, she said.

Given rising health care costs, Loidolt said she is considering shutting down her business, laying off her employees and ending the accounting services she provides to roughly 40 small businesses.

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Loidolt said she thinks she could get a salaried job that comes with benefits, but closing her business would be “heartbreaking” and devastating for her clients.

“I feel like we’re part of the solution, and this is going to make us part of the problem,” she said. “We’re the people that are actually paying our bills every month. We’re not on assistance. We’re making it work, even with these ridiculous prices. We’re offering jobs with small companies. We’re offering competition to people so that the monopolies don’t take over. And they’re just going to cut us at the knees.”

[GOP plans to replace Obamacare have failed. Here’s what lawmakers propose now.]

‘It makes me want to throw up’

Nan Schleusner, a human resources consultant in Anchorage, said she and her husband — who are both sole proprietors — have relied on insurance purchased through the Affordable Care Act since the enhanced premium tax credits kicked in.

The tax credits made marketplace plans affordable for them for the first time, just as Schleusner and her husband were getting older and encountering more health concerns.

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“Thank God” they got the insurance, Schleusner said, because in 2022, she was diagnosed with cancer.

“It was really wonderful when the enhanced premium tax credits took effect, because it helped with these extreme medical bills that we ended up having,” she said. “It was just that peace of mind, like, OK, it’s still a stretch — it’s not inexpensive — but we can do it.”

But now, Schleusner is facing $37,000 in annual premium payments and a $15,000 deductible for her family of three, for the cheapest plan on offer.

Schleusner said she is considering reaching out to some of the companies she consults for and asking to become their employee so she can join their insurance plan.

“I’ve been doing this 15 years, and I feel called to do it,” she said. “So I don’t want to give it up. It’s been some sleepless nights.”

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Schleusner this year paid $1,380 per month for her family of three, or $16,560 in premiums for the year. To keep the same plan she currently has next year, she’d pay more than 300% of this year’s cost, with premiums totaling over $52,000 annually.

“It makes me want to throw up every time I look at it,” she said.

“There’s the affordability part, but there’s the ‘what on Earth is going on that this is costing $50,000 a year?’ That’s not a reasonable cost,” she said.





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From isolation to connection: Alaska gamers embrace local area network at weekend fest

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From isolation to connection: Alaska gamers embrace local area network at weekend fest


FAIRBANKS, Alaska (KTUU/KTVF) – The first ever Alaska LAN party, is underway Nov. 14–16, bringing a classic style of gaming back to the community.

LANFest, which started as a charitable outreach of Intel, provides substantial support to groups like the Alaska LAN Society by sourcing network equipment and prizes, including processors, cases, mice, and keyboards, for attendees.

LAN events, which involve players bringing their computers to one location and connecting to a shared network, were once standard before high-speed home internet became widely available.

Organizers from the local Alaska LAN Society emphasize that the gathering is about much more than just the games; it is an effort to “build healthy communities through gaming.”

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The event directly confronts the isolation that has become typical of online gaming, especially post-pandemic.

By providing a shared physical space, the event aims to dispel the stereotype of the isolated gamer and encourage participants—especially younger players—to meet new people, discover new games, and engage in “lighthearted and fun” banter that is often missing from online interactions.

The organizers are also seeking to establish this LAN party as an ongoing tradition in Fairbanks, with hopes of growing to two events per year in the future.

In addition to being a community hub for gamers, Alaska LAN is serving as a charitable fundraiser.

Partnering with the national charity LANFest, the event is hosting a packaged food drive for the local Fairbanks Bread Line.

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A “for donation snack bar” is raising money to benefit both the Bread Line and Child’s Play, a national charity dedicated to providing games and toys to children’s hospitals.

The event, held in collaboration with UAF eSports, is a Friday-to-Sunday affair, beginning at 4pm on Friday and running until 2am each night, before reopening at 10am.

See a spelling or grammar error? Report it to web@ktuu.com



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Displaced Alaska Native children find familiarity in an uncommon program, in photos

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Displaced Alaska Native children find familiarity in an uncommon program, in photos


ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — An immersion program that helps preserve an Alaska Native language has been a boon to children displaced by last month’s severe flooding in western Alaska.

After Typhoon Halong devastated two Yup’ik villages along the Bering Sea last month, many residents were airlifted to Anchorage. Principal Darrell Berntsen welcomed them to his school, which offers a Yup’ik immersion program.

This is a photo gallery curated by AP photo editors.

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Copyright 2025 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.



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