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Among butter clams, which pose toxin dangers to Alaska harvesters, size matters, study indicates • Alaska Beacon

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Among butter clams, which pose toxin dangers to Alaska harvesters, size matters, study indicates • Alaska Beacon


Butter clams, important to many Alaskans’ diets, are notorious for being sources of the toxin that causes sometimes-deadly paralytic shellfish poisoning.

Now a new study is providing information that might help people harvest the clams more safely and monitor the toxin levels more effectively.

The study, led by University of Alaska Southeast researchers, found that the meat in larger butter clams have higher concentrations of the algal toxin that causes PSP, than does the meat in smaller clams.

“If you take 5 grams of tissue from a small clam and then 5 grams of tissue from a larger clam, our study suggested that (in) that larger clam, those 5 grams would actually have more toxins — significantly more toxins — than the 5 grams from that smaller clam,” said lead author John Harley, a research assistant professor at UAS’ Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center.

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Partners in the study were the Sitka Tribe of Alaska, which operates one of only two laboratories in the state that test shellfish for algal toxins, and with other organizations.

It is one of the few studies to examine how toxin levels differ between individual clams, Harley said.

The findings came from tests of clams collected from beaches near Juneau on five specific days between mid-June and mid-August of 2022.

The 70 clams collected, which were of varying sizes, yielded a median level of saxitoxins of 83 micrograms per gram, just above the 80-microgram limit. Toxin concentrations differed from clam to clam, ranging from so low that they were at about the threshold for detection to close to 1,100 micrograms per gram.

And there was a decided pattern: Toxin concentrations “were significantly positively correlated with butter clam size,” the study said.

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A woman sorts though a pile of butter clams on a dock in Alaska in 1965. Butter clams have long been harvested for personal consumption in Alaska. (Photo provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game)

Among the tested clams in the top 25% size, 81% had concentrations above the regulatory threshold, while among the quartile with the smallest size, only 19% came in at above the threshold.

The typical butter clam has a shell that is about 3 inches wide and up to 5 inches in length; clams in the study ranged in shell width from less than 1.5 inches to more than 4 inches. The mass of meat inside the shells of tested clams ranged from 3.87 grams to 110 grams, the study said.

The detections of toxins were in spite of the lack of significant algal blooms in the summer of 2022 – making that year an anomaly in recent years.

In sharp contrast, the summer of 2019 — a record-warm summer for Alaska — was marked by several severe harmful algal blooms. Near Juneau, toxin concentrations in blue mussels, another commonly consumed shellfish, were documented at over 11,000 micrograms per gram, and the toxins killed numerous fish-eating Arctic terns in a nesting colony in the area.

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Just why the butter clams tested for the new study showed concentrations of toxins in a low-bloom year is a question for further review.

Butter clams are known to pose special risks because they retain their algal toxins much longer than do other toxin-affected shellfish. Like other species, butter clams do detoxify over time, but they do so much more slowly, Harley said. The clams in the study were all at least a few years old, and there are some possible explanations for why they still retained toxins in the summer of 2022, he said.

“Maybe these larger clams, because they’ve been consistently exposed to harmful algal blooms several years in a row, maybe they just haven’t had a chance to detoxify particularly well,” he said.

The unusual conditions in the summer of 2022 mean that the results of this study may not be the same as those that would happen in a summer with a more normal level of harmful algal blooms, he said. “It still remains to be seen if this relationship between size and toxin is consistent over different time periods and different sample sites and different bloom conditions,” he said.

Research is continuing, currently with clams collected in 2023, he said. That was a more typical year, with several summer algal blooms. 

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The algal toxin risks in Alaska are so widespread that experts have coined a slogan that reminds harvesters to send samples off for laboratory testing before eating freshly dug clams and similar shellfish: “Harvest and Hold.”

Harley said the fact that there are toxins in clams even when an active bloom is not present “is a very real concern” for those who have depended on harvest. The Southeast Alaska Tribal Ocean Research Network, known as SEATOR, has been monitoring shellfish in winter and other times beyond the usual months of algal blooms, he noted.

That monitoring has turned up cases of toxin-bearing shellfish well outside of the normal summer seasons. Just Tuesday, SEATOR issued an advisory about butter clams at Hydaburg, collected on Saturday, that tested above the regulatory limit for safe consumption.

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Alaska

Alaska baseball exhibit launches state’s participation in America250

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Alaska baseball exhibit launches state’s participation in America250


The St. Paul baseball team, pictured Sept. 21, 1921. (Alaska State Library image)

Next year, cities and states across the nation will be honoring the American semiquincentennial, marking 250 years since the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Each of the 50 states will have unique roles in the celebration and Alaska has already established a theme for its participation in America250: baseball.

State historian Katherine J. Ringsmuth and the Alaska Office of History and Archaeology have developed a traveling baseball exhibit, showcasing a uniquely Alaskan stitch in the American tapestry.

“Alaska’s Fields of Dreams: Baseball in America’s Far North” features nine panels — each representing an inning — that explore Alaska’s role in the national pastime.

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From the Knock Down and Skin ‘Em club of St. Paul Island to the game’s expansion north to Nome and the formation of the Alaska Baseball League, the exhibit covers more than 150 years of baseball in Alaska.

“Alaska’s Fields of Dreams: Baseball in America’s Far North” is a traveling exhibit that for America250Alaska, which is part of the American semiquincentennial celebration. (Chris Bieri / ADN)

Late last year, Gov. Mike Dunleavy signed Administrative Order 357, designating the Alaska Historical Commission as the state agency to coordinate with the national America250 organization and plan and coordinate events.

That put Ringsmuth and the commission, which is headed by Lt. Gov. Nancy Dahlstrom, into action to develop Alaska’s involvement.

And while some states will highlight their roles during early eras of America, Alaska has a relatively short history as part of the U.S. as the 49th state admitted. But as Alaska developed as an American territory even before statehood, baseball was a connection to the U.S.

“What we’re seeing by the 1910s, 1920s with the establishment of places like Anchorage, you see these places turning into real American towns,” Ringsmuth said. “And baseball is part of that agent that’s carrying those values.”

“Alaska’s Fields of Dreams: Baseball in America’s Far North” is a traveling exhibit that for America250Alaska, which is part of the American semiquincentennial celebration. (Chris Bieri / ADN)

Alaska’s history with baseball is diverse both geographically and in the makeup of its participants.

The exhibit documents the history of Alaska Native baseball and details games in Goodnews Bay in Western Alaska and in Nome, where miners used burlap bags as bases to play on the tundra. It also covers Alaska women who play the game, the arrival of Negro League’s great Satchel Paige in Alaska in 1965, and Midnight Sun games.

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The theme for Alaska’s involvement in the America250 is “History for Tomorrow,” and Ringsmuth said that look to the future is a nod at younger populations.

“I thought, let’s do something that makes our young people filled with optimism and (shows) that they can dream for tomorrow, and this can be the promise of tomorrow,” she said. “And I thought sports was a fantastic way to do that.”

The exhibit was shown at a number of places throughout the state over the summer. On Wednesday, the display will be at the Bear Tooth Theatrepub as part of the AK Sports Shorts storytelling event.

One of the seven speakers is Olga Zacharof of St. Paul, who will talk about the Knock Down and Skin ‘Em club, considered Alaska’s first baseball team.

Ringsmuth and Lorraine Henry with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources will also be on hand to talk to attendees about America250-Alaska during the intermission.

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The event starts at 6 p.m. and tickets are $20. A portion of the proceeds goes to the Healthy Futures Game Changer program, which “provides small grants to youth from low income families to remove barriers to participation in sports and recreation such as equipment, fees, and transportation costs,” according to its website.

A baseball team from Fairbanks plays against Nenana in June 1917. (Stephen Foster Collection via UAF collection)

Ringsmuth said the exhibit is a device to get people to learn about the history of baseball in Alaska and an entry into other America250-Alaska events and activities.

The state has big plans for the Week of Dreams — a weeklong tribute to the nation’s pastime culminating on July 4, 2026.

Plans for the week include youth games, legacy softball and Indigenous baseball games and celebrating the addition of Growden Memorial Ballpark in Fairbanks to the National Register of Historic Places.

It will also highlight the Knock Down and Skin ‘Em club, which was founded in 1868.

With the help of Anchorage coach and former pro player Jamar Hill, Ringsmuth connected with the Major League Baseball commissioner’s office, and the event will bring up former MLB players who are also ABL alumni for the Week of Dreams events.

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Even active MLB players like Aaron Judge, who was a former star for the Anchorage Glacier Pilots, could be involved via remote methods.

“Our office is talking about doing a story map we can (post) online,” Ringsmuth said. “You know, call us and we’ll record you. What’s your story of playing in Alaska? What’s your favorite memory?”

“We can still engage the players who are going to be a bit busy next summer.”





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Bartlett pulls out 3OT thriller, Dimond rides the storm: Alaska high school Week 5 roundup

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Bartlett pulls out 3OT thriller, Dimond rides the storm: Alaska high school Week 5 roundup


ANCHORAGE, Alaska (KTUU) – As the playoffs inch closer, each successive week of high school action carries more seeding implications and general importance – and one could tell as much from watching the slate of games this weekend.

Every team in the state was active this week except Seward in 9-man, giving plenty of opportunities for statement performances at every level.

Bartlett 12 – Service 6 (3OT)

Service played host to Bartlett looking to extend its record to 5-0, but couldn’t survive a chaotic, back-and-forth game that featured 12 combined turnovers and defensive dominance on both sides.

Golden Bears standout Deuce Alailefaleula notched a first-quarter interception and fell on an errant Service snap to tie the game at 6 late in regulation. After two overtime frames with no scoring, Bartlett back Colt Jardine plunged in for the walk-off touchdown on the first play of triple-OT.

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Dimond 25 – Colony 22

The Dimond Lynx invaded a wet and wild Pride Field to take on Colony, and weathered the storm by scoring 19 unanswered points to eke out their first win of the season.

Colony fans huddled underneath tents and umbrellas watched in horror as Dimond surged ahead on a late touchdown strike, before the Knights’ last-gasp drive ended in a sack.

Eagle River 14 – Palmer 31

Though it was a much tighter contest most of the way than the final score would indicate, Palmer’s high-powered offense continued to produce in a similarly rainy matchup with Eagle River.

Twenty-four unanswered Moose points helped Palmer extend its winning streak to four, and secured its first 4-1 start since 2013.

WEEK 5 HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL SCORES

Scores from this week’s Alaska high school football action.(KTUU)
Scores from this week's Alaska high school football action.
Scores from this week’s Alaska high school football action.(KTUU)
Scores from this week's Alaska high school football action.
Scores from this week’s Alaska high school football action.(KTUU)

See a spelling or grammar error? Report it to web@ktuu.com

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UPDATE: 911 outage continues in Anchorage

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UPDATE: 911 outage continues in Anchorage


ANCHORAGE, Alaska (KTUU) – The Anchorage Police Department said an outage continues to impact the Anchorage 911 system.

It continues to encourage people in Anchorage who need to use the service to dial 3-1-1 and select option one, or call (907) 786-8900 to connect with police.

ORIGINAL: Anchorage is experiencing a 911 and voice service outage, Alaska Communications told Alaska’s News Source Friday evening.

Alaska Communications spokesperson Heather Cavanaugh said disruption involves home and business landline service as well as 911 calls in Anchorage.

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Technicians are working to restore service, but there is no estimated time for when it will be back online, Cavanaugh said. The cause has not been identified, though crews are investigating the source.

“Technicians are still on site working to restore service as quickly as possible,” Cavanaugh said at about 9:40 p.m. Friday night.

Police urged residents to use alternative numbers to reach emergency dispatchers while the outage continues. Anchorage residents can dial 3-1-1 and select option one, or call (907) 786-8900 to connect with police.

Anchorage police first reported a statewide outage late Friday afternoon. Alaska Communications confirmed this evening that the issue is limited to the greater Anchorage area.

See a spelling or grammar error? Report it to web@ktuu.com

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