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From Bauhaus to Kaunas: Lithuania’s hidden Modernist architecture

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Kaunas, Lithuania’s second metropolis, is near distinctive in Europe. It has about 6,000 Modernist buildings. Some are in a poor state, however many are intact. Collectively, they’re a compelling but ghostly assortment, constructed largely within the interwar interval of the Twentieth century: Artwork Deco condominium blocks and household villas; an unlimited Modernist Catholic church; slabby workplaces, banks and factories.

The town’s Modernism displays a time when Kaunas was altering quick. It’s a restrained, extra purposeful model than Vienna’s, and extra conservative than Germany’s. Few buildings are spectacular. However Kaunas does type an nearly good evocation of the mid-Twentieth century. When the makers of Chernobyl, the HBO tv collection, wanted places to face in for Eighties Moscow, they filmed the houses and streets of Kaunas.

The Modernist cluster, largely in what is named the New City, was constructed at pace and in a spirit of optimism when the partly medieval metropolis was briefly Lithuania’s capital, between 1920 and 1940.

“There are an enormous variety of Modernist buildings right here,” says Vaidas Petrulis, affiliate professor of structure at Kaunas College of Expertise. “They began building round 1922 due to a fancy political state of affairs. The nation had misplaced Vilnius, and so it wanted new features in a short time: housing, establishments, museums — all the things.”

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Scenes of the HBO TV collection ‘Chernobyl’ have been filmed in Kaunas, whose streets and houses stood in for Eighties Moscow © Sky UK Ltd/HBO
A Modernist house in Kaunas
This Modernist home was considered one of them © Martynas Plepys

This 12 months, town of 300,000 individuals is considered one of three European Capitals of Tradition (with Esch in Luxembourg and Novi Unhappy in Serbia). It’s a likelihood to draw worldwide consideration and tourism.

The creative programmers and curators are specializing in Kaunas’s wealth of early Modernist buildings within the hope of shoring up its extra fragile ones — and their future. They need to forge “an emotional connection” between structure and folks.

“We need to current the worth of Modernist structure to people who find themselves not architects or specialists,” says Zilvinas Rinkselis, programme co-ordinator. “It’s specialists who recognize it, and many individuals suppose they don’t prefer it.”

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“Some individuals simply see packing containers,” says Petrulis. “It’s not simple.”

Guests can e book lodging in renovated Artwork Deco houses, take architectural excursions of personal homes and restored flats, and perceive how Kaunas’s buildings relate to extra celebrated examples world wide, with the exhibition Modernism for the Future.

Living room of a restored home
As a part of the competition, guests can e book a keep in a restored residence © Martynas Plepys

That’s on show within the publish workplace, town’s grand, Modernist centrepiece with a sweeping, wing-like facade — in-built 1931 to attach town to the remainder of the world. Its architect was Feliksas Vizbaras — not a well-known title, however considered one of a technology of Lithuanians who graduated from structure faculties throughout Europe, from Paris to Russia (Kaunas’s personal structure college didn’t open till 1922).

In Modernism for the Future, 20 artists from everywhere in the world have produced particular person works that think about how Modernist buildings is perhaps preserved. They hung out wandering town’s streets earlier than beginning work.

Amongst them is Shay Silberman, an Israeli artist from Tel Aviv — a metropolis with a few of the best-preserved examples of Bauhaus structure. Silberman labored with surviving blueprints of 40 buildings in Kaunas and retraced them with digital know-how to supply “Exterior the Strains”, a stencilled collage collection that he says imagines a brand new lexicon of Modernism.

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“Working with structure blueprints was a option to develop the varieties and shapes of the buildings, which I then broke aside with collage,” says Silberman. “I’m not inventing something. I’m appropriating what exists already to create a imaginative and prescient, an thought of town that exists solely within the creativeness.”

Kaunas, he says, has modified his thought of what Modernism is. “Tel Aviv Modernism could be very clear and geometric,” he explains. “However right here geometrics are blended with botanical varieties, or the moon or the solar, or varieties that relate to myths. I assumed ornament was nearly a curse to Modernism, however right here there’s concord.”

A number of the buildings he labored with have decorative particulars, reminiscent of animals and people motifs. “That’s one of many distinctive options of Modernism in Kaunas and the Baltic states,” says Rinkselis. Variations like that designate why the curators have introduced in worldwide artists: “While you evaluate your self with others, then you definitely perceive what makes you distinctive on the earth.”

A collage by Shay Silberman based on Kaunas’s Modernist buildings
A collage by Shay Silberman primarily based on town’s Modernist buildings

A full programme of creative occasions will run in Kaunas all 12 months, together with contributions from worldwide artists, reminiscent of Yoko Ono and Marina Abramovic. The celebrations are additionally a part of town’s bid to safe Unesco World Heritage standing for its Modernism.

Kaunas turned Lithuania’s non permanent capital after the nation gained independence from the Russian empire in 1918. Vilnius was occupied largely by Poland, and was solely returned in 1939. Throughout that point, Kaunas developed quickly, simply as Modernist structure swept Europe. Within the Soviet period, a few of its buildings have been nationalised and lots of Modernist constructions reconfigured and broken, says Petrulis.

Nonetheless, Kaunas nonetheless symbolises the nation’s delivery, and its interwar buildings are essential signifiers of independence — which is why their survival issues.

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“After we evaluate it with the worldwide context, we don’t have icons like Le Corbusier, and we don’t have a transparent Modernist type, or something very avant-garde,” says Rinkselis. However in the present day, Kaunas does have recognition — and a doable future as a cultural centre.

“Modernism for the Future”, till October 4, Kaunas central publish workplace; Kaunas 2022 has occasions all 12 months; kaunas2022.eu

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EU capitals to back new term for Ursula von der Leyen

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EU capitals to back new term for Ursula von der Leyen

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EU leaders plan to approve Ursula von der Leyen for a second five-year term as president of the European Commission on Monday evening, as the bloc’s capitals choose continuity over change amid the war in Ukraine, tensions with China and political uncertainty in key countries. 

The heads of the EU’s 27 member states will use a private dinner in Brussels on Monday evening to give political backing to von der Leyen remaining in office, diplomats and officials from across the continent said, ahead of a formal rubber-stamping later this month.

“Nobody is discussing any other outcome,” said a senior EU diplomat who has spent the past week in discussions with key capitals. “For her, the die is cast.”

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Von der Leyen would then need to win a majority of the newly elected European parliament to remain as the EU’s most powerful official through 2029, running the bloc’s executive branch with the power to regulate the world’s largest single market, propose new legislation and steer the continent’s policy direction.

Her supporters are quietly confident of securing parliament’s assent, given the victory of her centre-right European People’s Party (EPP) in the EU elections this month, and the majority held by centrist parties in the chamber despite a surge in support for the far right.

Von der Leyen is respected for her leadership of the EU through the Covid-19 pandemic and the bloc’s response to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. But she has irked some capitals and many in her own commission with her centralised decision-making and a record of pushing the limits of her institutional powers. 

Her campaign stressed the value of stability, and played up the dangers of a change in leadership given the war in Ukraine and the uncertainty in the US-EU relationship that would result from a potential Donald Trump victory in US elections in November.

Her supporters have reinforced that message in the light of the political chaos unleashed in France by President Emmanuel Macron’s decision to call a snap election — a move that startled EU allies who worry about the future influence of the far-right in Paris.

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Monday’s private dinner will also feature discussions on who to select for president of the EU Council — the official who chairs meetings of bloc leaders — and for high representative, the bloc’s chief diplomat. 

Officials said Portugal’s former premier António Costa was the clear frontrunner for the former, succeeding Charles Michel, while Estonia’s Prime Minister Kaja Kallas was the most likely choice for the latter, taking over from Josep Borrell.

They cautioned, however, that on the eve of the meeting, neither choice was as definite as von der Leyen.

Von der Leyen, a former German defence minister who was an unheralded choice for the post in 2019, received a boost last week from the bloc’s three most powerful members — France, Germany and Italy — offering their tacit acceptance at the G7 summit.

Following the summit on Italy’s Apulian coast on Friday, French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said they believed a deal would be struck at Monday’s dinner, while Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said she believed the EPP had the right “to propose a commission president”.

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The private dinner has been arranged as a prelude to a formal summit on June 27 and 28 at which a final agreement is due. A parliamentary vote on the next commission president is set for the week of July 15.

“Everyone wants to use [Monday] night to send a crystal clear message . . . so there’s no doubt over what the final decision will be,” said a second senior EU diplomat involved in the negotiations.

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A fast-moving wildfire spreads north of Los Angeles, forcing evacuations

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A fast-moving wildfire spreads north of Los Angeles, forcing evacuations

Firefighters work against the advancing Post Fire on Sunday in Gorman, Calif.

Eric Thayer/AP


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Eric Thayer/AP

A wildfire northwest of Los Angeles has burned more than 14,600 acres and forced the evacuation of about 1,200 people, California fire officials said.

The fast-growing blaze, which began around 2 p.m. on Saturday in Gorman, in Los Angeles County west of the I-5, was moving southeast toward Pyramid Lake, CalFire said on Sunday.

Fueled by strong winds and low humidity, the so-called Post Fire exploded overnight. It spread into Ventura County to the west, burning 2,000 acres there, largely in the Los Padres National Forest, LAist reported.

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The fire was 2% contained as of Sunday evening.

Complicating firefighting efforts, strong winds that had picked up on Sunday were expected to last until at least Monday. Wind gusts had reached 55 mph in the region and were forecast to reach up to 70 mph at night, the National Weather Service said Sunday afternoon, before decreasing throughout Monday.

"Conditions will be favorable for rapid rates of fire growth and spread, especially [Sunday night]," the NWS said.

Evacuation orders were in place for Hungry Valley Park — where state park officials evacuated some 1,200 people — and Pyramid Lake, which has been closed.

The cause of the fire is under investigation, according to CalFire. No injuries were reported.

California’s wildfire season is off to an aggressive start. This year so far, fires have consumed about 41,900 acres, higher than the average of 27,100 acres burned during the same period for the past five years, according to CalFire data.

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Rachel Reeves to seek ‘improved’ UK-EU trade terms if Labour wins election

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Rachel Reeves to seek ‘improved’ UK-EU trade terms if Labour wins election

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Shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves would seek to break down EU trade barriers and secure billions of pounds through an early international investment summit if Labour wins the general election.

Reeves, in an interview with the Financial Times, signalled an ambitious push to revisit parts of Boris Johnson’s Brexit deal, including seeking closer alignment with EU rules in areas such as the chemicals sector and a better deal for workers in the City of London.

“We would look to improve our trading relationship with Europe, and do trade deals around the world,” she said, as she vowed that an incoming Labour government would “reset” Britain’s global image.

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Her comments signal that Labour wants to go further than previously thought in seeking better trade terms with the EU, tackling head-on the “adversarial” Conservative post-Brexit relationship with Brussels and ditching a Tory fixation on regulatory divergence.

“I don’t think anyone voted Leave because they were not happy that chemicals regulations were the same across Europe,” Reeves said. “When my constituency voted leave it was purely because of immigration.” 

Labour has been reluctant to talk about Brexit in the election campaign, but as polling day approaches — and with the party 20 points ahead of the Conservatives — Reeves and Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer have given more glimpses of what they hope to achieve.

She also said Labour would take risks and was willing to “upset some people” to unlock the potential of the British economy, adding that she would use her political capital by pushing for growth rather than “having a fight about different taxes”. 

Ahead of the July 4 election, the Conservatives have warned of a Labour “tax trap”. But Reeves insisted the party could fund its priorities without resorting to tax rises on the wealthy, adding: “We’re not seeking a mandate to increase people’s taxes. We’re seeking a mandate to grow the economy.”

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On Brexit, any attempt to reopen what Starmer has called Johnson’s “botched” 2020 trade deal with the EU would be highly complicated; there is little appetite in Brussels for a renegotiation and long-standing opposition to the idea of Britain “cherry-picking” parts of the single market.

Reeves talked about a “bespoke” arrangement for the chemicals industry, which is in talks with the government about a new regulatory system intended to avoid £2bn of extra costs associated with having to register products with a new UK regime. 

She reiterated Labour’s existing red lines in the area, saying there would be no rejoining the single market or customs union, and that freedom of movement and a deal on youth mobility were off the cards. These will limit the scope of any future EU deal.

Reeves stressed the importance of seeking greater mutual recognition of professional qualifications with the EU, pointing to the benefits this would entail to the services sector, including financial services.

“The majority of people in the City have not regarded Brexit as being a great opportunity for their businesses,” she said, arguing that services and financial services were “pretty much excluded” from Johnson’s Brexit deal.

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But she said that Labour’s manifesto promise to seek a mutual recognition deal for professional qualifications with the EU, along with a veterinary deal and improved touring rights for UK artists were “examples” of what she wanted to achieve. “That’s not exclusive,” she said.

Reeves said she accepted the Office for Budget Responsibility’s assessment that Brexit would lop 4 per cent off Britain’s productivity potential.

The shadow chancellor, who on Monday will host senior business leaders at a meeting of her new “shadow” British Infrastructure Council, said she wanted a Labour government to hit the ground running and exploit the fact that the world would be looking afresh at the UK after election day. 

Among the further steps in the first 100 days of a Labour government would be an investment summit that aimed to lure in foreign investors who had been deterred by political instability in the UK, she said.

Reeves said she had spoken that morning to a business leader in the City who had said their global chief executive had been reluctant to come to a recent UK investment summit organised by Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s government. 

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“They said ‘What’s the point, we’re just getting a bit tired of what’s happening in the UK. Do I have to come to this?’,” Reeves said. “This is a real reset moment to a different way of doing government.”

She added: “It’s not just inviting businesses in for a summit, but really bringing them into the centre of government. I want to make the Treasury not just a tax-and-spending department but a department for growth.”

Reeves said there was “a role for investment” from countries including China and Saudi Arabia, but added that it was right that Sunak’s government had excluded Chinese investment from the rollout of broadband and future nuclear projects. 

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