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The stories that matter on money and politics in the race for the White House

Kamala Harris and Donald Trump raced across the crucial battleground state of Pennsylvania on Monday, in a last-ditch quest to secure the final votes in one of the tightest US presidential contests in modern history.

The state has 19 electoral votes and has been long viewed as crucial for both candidates’ path to the White House, with Trump winning there in his successful 2016 campaign but losing by 80,000 votes out of nearly 7mn cast four years ago.

The focus on the biggest swing state in the campaign’s waning hours is a sign of how the Democratic vice-president and Republican former president are looking for every possible vote in an election that surveys suggest will be decided by a razor-thin margin.

The Financial Times poll tracker shows the candidates in a statistical tie in all seven swing states, which stretch from the eastern seaboard to the industrial Midwest to the western sunbelt.

Speaking on Monday to volunteers in Scranton, a city in north-eastern Pennsylvania, Harris did not mention Trump by name, but sought to contrast her more optimistic vision for America with his more downbeat view of the country.

“This whole era of this other guy . . . it makes people feel alone. It makes people feel like there is nobody standing with them,” Harris said. “Let’s be intentional about building community . . . about reminding people we have so much more in common than what separates us,” she said.

In the campaign’s final days, Democrats have been cheered by what they believe is a decided shift in polling towards Harris — including a surprising lead in a much-watched survey of Iowa that showed her ahead in what many analysts believed was a solid state for Trump. Aides to the former president dismissed the poll as an outlier.

Jen O’Malley Dillon, the Harris campaign chair, was upbeat about the election’s outcome, saying that “people who are making up their mind are breaking to the vice-president”. She added that a shift was occurring “in all of our battleground states”, especially with core Democratic voter groups such as the young, Black people and Latinos.

But she acknowledged that the race was so close that the outcome might not be immediately clear. “We may not know the results of this election for several days, but we are very focused on staying calm and confident throughout this period,” she said.

More than 78mn Americans have already voted early, either in person or by mail, according to the leading tracker of pre-election day voting at the University of Florida. At least as many are expected to turn out on election day on Tuesday.

Harris raced across Pennsylvania in her final push on Monday — including two large rallies in the state’s biggest cities of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia — while Trump stopped at Pittsburgh and Reading, a mid-sized city in south-east Pennsylvania with a large Latino population. He was scheduled to cap off the day with an event in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

After being criticised for the violent rhetoric and grievance-filled speeches delivered during his last campaign appearances, Trump on Monday tried to focus on economic issues.

“Under my leadership we are quickly going to turn this economic nightmare into an economic miracle,” he said, adding that he would end “Kamala’s war on energy” by promoting fracking and drilling for fossil fuels.

Michigan is another of the too-close-to-call swing states. Trump held his final campaign rallies in Grand Rapids in 2016, when he defeated Hillary Clinton, and in 2020, when he lost his re-election bid to Joe Biden.

The Iowa poll and a handful of other pre-election surveys convinced some investors to pare their bets on a Trump victory, with the dollar weakening and Treasuries rallying on Monday.

The dollar fell 0.5 per cent against a basket of major currencies, putting it on course for its biggest one-day drop since August. The euro was 0.5 per cent higher against the US currency at $1.09. Yields on US government debt, which move inversely to prices, were lower and the Mexico peso strengthened.

Trump’s visit to Reading on Monday could be crucial to his prospects in the state as he seeks to shore up support from Latino voters, particularly those of Puerto Rican heritage, amid an ongoing controversy over a speaker at a recent Trump rally who called the US territory a “floating island of garbage”.

Harris — whose campaign has sought to capitalise on such incendiary comments — also stopped in Reading, visiting a local Puerto Rican restaurant with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the Democratic congresswoman, who is of Puerto Rican descent, and with Josh Shapiro, Pennsylvania’s popular Democratic governor.

Some cities and states are preparing for potential election-related violence, though so far, tens of millions of ballots have been cast without serious incident.

Washington Gov. Jay Inslee on Friday announced the activation of some members of the state’s National Guard to be on standby status in case they are asked to help local law enforcement. The governor said Guard members could be called on to protect “vital infrastructure” for elections and to “respond to any unrest” related to the election.

Guard members will be on standby status until the end of Thursday, according to the governor’s order. The state’s top military official is determining the number of members needed.

“This is a purely precautionary measure taken in response to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s nationwide warnings regarding threats to election infrastructure and other recent activities that have occurred in southwestern Washington,” Inslee’s office said in a statement.

Across the river in Portland, Ore., police said they were “increasing staffing on Election Day and the days following as a precaution.” Still, they said they were not aware of any threats related to the election.

The announcements come after ballot drop boxes in Portland and nearby Vancouver, Wash., were set on fire last week. A few ballots were damaged in the Portland drop box, while the fire damaged hundreds of ballots in the Vancouver box. Authorities are still searching for the perpetrator.

In Nevada, Gov. Joe Lombardo’s office said 60 National Guard members would be activated “on standby status” and stationed in Las Vegas and Carson City. He said the activation is similar to that of previous elections. Guard members could be used to help local law enforcement with traffic enforcement and building security, the governor’s office said in a statement.

Lombardo echoed other officials in saying that the activation was only as a precaution.

In Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Police Chief Pamela Smith said the police will “stand up a full activation,” meaning all police would be working 12-hour shifts “and depending on what happens, maybe a little longer, to ensure that we have enough officers on the street and every corner of our city.” She said the city could call in law enforcement from other jurisdictions for assistance if needed.

Workers erect anti-scale fencing and other security measures around Howard University on Sunday in Washington, D.C. Democratic nominee Vice President Kamala Harris will spend election night at her alma mater.

Kent Nishimura/Getty Images

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Kent Nishimura/Getty Images

Other security measures have been taken throughout the city. Fencing around the White House and the Naval Observatory (which contains the vice president’s residence) was increased. Some businesses near the White House boarded up windows as a precaution, local media reported.

D.C. police announced road closures around Howard University for Vice President Harris’ election night watch party. Extra physical security measures are also being added to the Palm Beach County Convention Center where former President Donald Trump’s campaign will hold its party, the Secret Service said.

“These enhancements are not in response to any specific issue but are part of wide-ranging public safety preparations for Tuesday’s election,” the agency told NPR.

Three organizations representing sheriffs across the country said in a joint statement last week that they had been preparing for the election for a year and a half. The Major County Sheriffs of America, National Sheriffs’ Association and the Major Cities Chiefs Association said they “stand ready and united to ensure that Election Day 2024 is secure, safe, and fair.”

Despite the lack of widespread violence so far, many people across the country are concerned about the potential. In an NPR/PBS News/Marist poll released on Monday, 72% of likely voters said they were concerned about violence as a result of the election.