North Dakota
Summit, in second attempt at permit, touts economic benefits of carbon pipeline
BISMARCK — Summit Executive Vice President Wade Boeshans cited Summit Carbon Solutions paying more than $14 million annually for electricity to operate its carbon capture and storage project as an economic benefit to North Dakota, but SuAnn Olson had a different reaction.
“Where is this power going to come from?” asked Olson, a state representative who lives near the carbon pipeline route north of Bismarck. “We’re very quickly coming to a time when the power supply is not going to keep up.”
Testifying on Earth Day, witnesses advocating for the Summit Carbon Solutions carbon capture pipeline emphasized economic benefits to North Dakota, making little mention of environmental benefits as a second round of Public Service Commission hearings on the pipeline began Monday, April 22 in Mandan.
The PSC denied Summit a pipeline route permit last year. The three-person PSC agreed to allow a rehearing on Summit’s application, giving Summit the chance to address deficiencies cited in the permit denial — including changing the route around Bismarck.
Kyle Martin / For the North Dakota Monitor
To open the hearing, Administrative Law Judge Hope Hogan outlined that the hearings should show that the project will have minimal adverse effects on the environment and people of North Dakota and be a good use of resources.
The Summit rehearing started with Dan Pickering of Pickering Energy Partners in Houston who touted the potential economic benefits to North Dakota.
“There’s a potential to at least support, if not enhance, the price of corn, which would then flow through to farmers here in the state of North Dakota,” Pickering said.
Tharaldson Ethanol is so far the only ethanol plant in North Dakota signed on to the project that would capture carbon emissions from 57 ethanol plants across five states.
Boeshans of Bismarck noted that about half the corn in North Dakota is sold to ethanol plants. Tharaldson Ethanol, near Casselton, buys 15% to 20% of the crop, he said.
Summit’s plan is to store the carbon underground northwest of Bismarck but Pickering testified about potential industrial uses of carbon dioxide, including enhanced oil recovery in North Dakota, the nation’s No. 3 oil-producing state.
“With a carbon infrastructure that could potentially develop in North Dakota, more carbon coming into the state creates more opportunities for the energy business to enhance their recovery,” Pickering said.
Summit moved its route to give a wider berth to the city of Bismarck. The original route had drawn objections from property developers and others as being too close to the city.
When public testimony began, residents near Baldwin north of Bismarck testified about being concerned about the pipeline that will run near, but not across their property.
“I see nothing but cost for North Dakota,” Lynette Dunbar said.
She cited the potential for rising electric rates and how a leak or rupture could affect her family and livestock.
Karl Rakow of Bismarck noted the 2022 rupture of a CO2 pipeline in Satartia, Mississippi, that sickened dozens of people. He said the plume from the rupture drifted 16 miles and the pipeline is about nine miles north of Bismarck.
Summit executives said in written testimony it considered having the pipeline cross the Missouri River south of Bismarck on its way to a carbon storage area northwest of Bismarck.
Chief Operating Office Jimmy Powell said potential routes included the Dakota Access pipeline corridor, but he said the company could not find a viable route.
Powell noted environmental and cultural constraints on a southern route and “the impact to Tribal lands in the area south of Bismarck.”
Powell testified that the reroute added 55 new miles in North Dakota and is about 12 miles longer than the previous route.
In miles added north of Bismarck, Powell said about 42% of the route has been obtained through voluntary easements.
Overall in North Dakota, 81% of the pipeline miles have been acquired through voluntary easements and 79% of the landowners have agreed to allow the pipeline through their land.
Without a voluntary easement, Summit could resort to using eminent domain, a legal process to force landowners to provide right-of-way. Potential use of eminent domain has been a main point of protest for pipeline opponents.
State Rep. Mike Brandenburg, R-Edgeley, said there are about 113 miles of pipeline set to run through his district. He is also a corn grower and said he has become convinced that North Dakota agriculture needs the pipeline.

Kyle Martin / For the North Dakota Monitor
Brandenburg noted that Canada, a large export market for U.S. ethanol, has adopted a low-carbon fuel standard that will make it difficult for North Dakota ethanol producers to sell into that market.
“Some people want nothing to do with it and that’s their right,” Brandenburg said.
Ken Huber of Bismarck said in reply to Brandenburg, “We are not willing to give up our safety for the price of corn.”
The PSC had reserved a room at the Baymont Inn in Mandan for the entire week but it appears hearings will wrap up in one day.
There also will be hearings May 24 in Wahpeton and June 4 in Linton.
This story was originally published on NorthDakotaMonitor.com
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North Dakota
Donald Snyder Sr.
Donald R. Snyder Sr. 82 of Grand Forks, North Dakota died Tuesday, December 9, 2026, at Villa St. Vincent in Crookston, Minnesota.
Don was born on June 3, 1943, the son of Harrison and Gladys (Whittier) Snyder in Van Hook, North Dakota. He attended school in Van Hook and New Town, North Dakota. Don served in the United States Navy from 1960 – 1964 and was stationed in Hawaii during his time of service as a Military Police officer. He attended ND Police Academy and where he worked in Wattford City, ND and later was the Chief of Police in Parshall, ND. Don attended Minot State University and received a bachelor’s degree in psychology in 1972.
Don was united in marriage to Greta Huseby on November 22, 1991, in Lake Tahoe, Neveda. He worked as a social worker in child welfare in North Dakota for thirty-five plus years in various roles in the state in Rugby, Minot and Bismarck as a Regional Supervisor to State Director in foster care. Don spent the many years taking care of family’s needs in North Dakota.
After retiring from Human Service in North Dakota, he worked for Multiband Inc. and Orangehook Inc. Don retired from OrangeHook Inc. as the Senior Vice President, responsible for HR Department.
Don enjoyed fishing (deep sea, rivers and lakes), hunting, woodworking (cabinetry and interior), coaching Tee Ball and soccer, and volunteering for the local honor guards. He was proud of his service in the military and always showed his gratitude for fellow veterans.
Don’s faith and family were his priority. He read the Bible six times and shared his faith with his family and friends. Don and Greta were active members of University Lutheran Church.
Don is survived by his wife, Greta Snyder; three sons, Donald Richard Snyder Jr., Scott (Nancy) Snyder and Tracy (Staci) Snyder; grandchildren, Megan (Rory) Selk, Katelyn Snyder, Gavin Snyder, Whitney (Chris) Crofts, Kaylee (Jon) Gappmaier and Jordan (Jen) Snyder, thirteen great-grandchildren, Kinley, Iyla, Jude, Gabby, Rowan, Sophia, Hunter, Kimber, Isaiah, Benjamin, Porshea, Addie and Mollie; numerous nieces and nephews.
Don was preceded in death by his parents, two daughters, Tunya and Mishell Snyder, granddaughter, Jessica Snyder and two infant sisters.
Visitation will be held from 10:00 – 11:00 a.m. Wednesday, December 17, 2025, at Amundson Funeral Home. Memorial service will be held at 11:00 a.m. Wednesday, December 17, 2025, at Amundson Funeral Home.
North Dakota
Wheeler-Thomas scores 21 as North Dakota State knocks off Cal State Bakersfield 80-69
BAKERSFIELD, Calif. (AP) — Damari Wheeler-Thomas’ 21 points helped North Dakota State defeat Cal State Bakersfield 80-69 on Thursday.
Wheeler-Thomas had three steals for the Bison (8-3). Markhi Strickland scored 15 points while shooting 6 of 11 from the field and 3 for 6 from the free-throw line and grabbed five rebounds. Andy Stefonowicz went 4 of 7 from the field (3 for 4 from 3-point range) to finish with 13 points.
Ron Jessamy led the way for the Roadrunners (4-7) with 18 points, six rebounds, two steals and four blocks. CJ Hardy added 13 points. Jaden Alexander also recorded eight points and two steals.
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The Associated Press created this story using technology provided by Data Skrive and data from Sportradar.
North Dakota
Scientists discover ancient river-dwelling mosasaur in North Dakota
Some 66 million years ago, a city bus-sized terrifying predator prowled a prehistoric river in what is now North Dakota.
This finding is based on the analysis of a single mosasaur tooth conducted by an international team of researchers from the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands.
The tooth came from a prognathodontine mosasaur — a reptile reaching up to 11 meters long. This makes it an apex predator on par with the largest killer whales.
It shows that massive mosasaurs successfully adapted to life in rivers right up until their extinction.
Isotope analysis
Dating from 98 to 66 million years ago, abundant mosasaur fossils have been uncovered in marine deposits across North America, Europe, and Africa.
However, these marine reptile fossils have been rarely found in North Dakota before.
In this new study, the large mosasaur tooth was unearthed in a fluvial deposit (river sediment) in North Dakota.
Its neighbors in the dirt were just as compelling: a tooth from a Tyrannosaurus rex and a crocodylian jawbone. Interestingly, all these fossilized remains came from a similar age, around 66 million years old.
This unusual gathering — sea monster, land dinosaur, and river croc — raised an intriguing question: If the mosasaur was a sea creature, how did its remains end up in an inland river?
The answer lay in the chemistry of the tooth enamel. Using advanced isotope analysis at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, the team compared the chemical composition of the mosasaur tooth with its neighbors.
The key was the ratio of oxygen isotopes.
The mosasaur teeth contained a higher proportion of the lighter oxygen isotope than is typical for mosasaurs living in saltwater. This specific isotopic signature, along with the strontium isotope ratio, strongly suggests that the mosasaur lived in a freshwater habitat.
Analysis also revealed that the mosasaur did not dive as deep as many of its marine relatives and may have fed on unusual prey, such as drowned dinosaurs.
The isotope signatures indicated that this mosasaur had inhabited this freshwater riverine environment. When we looked at two additional mosasaur teeth found nearby, slightly older sites in North Dakota, we saw similar freshwater signatures. These analyses show that mosasaurs lived in riverine environments in the final million years before going extinct,” explained Melanie During, the study author.
Transformation of the Seaway
The adaptation occurred during the final million years of the Cretaceous period.
It is hypothesized that the mosasaurs were adapting to an enormous environmental shift in the Western Interior Seaway, the vast inland sea that once divided North America.
Increased freshwater influx gradually transformed the ancient sea from saltwater to brackish water, and finally to mostly freshwater, similar to the modern Gulf of Bothnia.
The researchers hypothesize that this change led to the formation of a halocline: a structure where a lighter layer of freshwater rested atop heavier saltwater. The findings of the isotope analyses directly support this theory.
The analyzed mosasaur teeth belong to individuals who successfully adapted to the shifting environments.
This transition from marine to freshwater habitats (reverse adaptation) is considered less complex than the opposite shift and is not unique among large predators.
Modern parallels include river dolphins, which evolved from marine ancestors but now thrive in freshwater, and the estuarine crocodile, which moves freely between freshwater rivers and the open sea for hunting.
Findings were published in the journal BMC Zoology on December 11.
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