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Missouri's history of lynching lives on. Just look at the death penalty

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Missouri's history of lynching lives on. Just look at the death penalty


Missouri’s use of the death penalty — a “consistent outlier” as use of capital punishment wanes across the country — has a direct tie to the state’s history of lynching, a new report says.

The report, “Compromised Justice,” says the state has applied the death penalty with discrimination, and that it is more than seven times more likely to be used when the homicide involves a white victim versus a Black victim.

Since 1972, 52 Black defendants who were charged with killing a white person have received death sentences, while just seven white defendants got the death penalty for killing a Black victim, according to the report.

Those numbers, as well as other studies, show that “whiteness is valued over non-whiteness,” said Tiana Herring, the report’s author and a data storyteller with the Death Penalty Information Center.

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“That’s a stark example of how we can kind of see similar influences in how we’re defining what justice looks like and who deserves to be prosecuted just based on the race of the victim alone,” Herring said.

Missouri is among a few non-Southern states with the highest number of “racial terror lynchings,” at 60, according to the Equal Justice Initiative.

The first documented lynching in U.S. history was said to be in 1836, when a white mob in St. Louis burned a 26-year-old free Black man named Frances McIntosh alive, according to “Discovering African American St. Louis: a Guide to Historic Sites.”

The killing of Frances McIntosh in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1836 is said to be the first documented report of lynching.

Herring said she found a direct tie from past racial acts of terror to modern-day death penalty numbers.

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“I often come across news articles or old books that talk about lynchings and death sentences in the same breath,” she said. “Those historical forces are really what makes it very clear to me that there is a connection between these two things.”

In 2023, Missouri executed four people, making it one of just five states to use the death penalty. The Missouri Supreme Court has scheduled another execution for April 2024.

Herring also describes the racial disparities in the state’s high homicide rate as “especially stark.” For the seventh year in a row, Missouri has had the highest Black homicide rate in the U.S., as Black residents are killed at more than twice the national rate, according to the Violence Policy Center.

“It seems that something’s not in balance and one of the purposes of the report is to at least draw attention to the fact that there may be some underlying subconscious issues at play here that predate all of us,” Herring said. “The legacies of violence and discrimination in the report may be ingrained in our systems more than we know.”
 

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Armed suspect taken into custody at Missouri City golf course pond

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Armed suspect taken into custody at Missouri City golf course pond


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Missouri Senate Passes IHRA Definition Bill to Combat Antisemitism in Public Schools, Governor’s Signature Awaits | Combat Antisemitism Movement

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Missouri Senate Passes IHRA Definition Bill to Combat Antisemitism in Public Schools, Governor’s Signature Awaits | Combat Antisemitism Movement


With a 30-0 vote on Wednesday, the Missouri Senate passed a proposed bill, HB 2061, to address and prohibit antisemitic discrimination in the state’s public K-12 schools and institutions of higher education.

The legislation, sponsored by State Representative George Hruza and State Senator Curtis Trent, defines antisemitism using the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) Working Definition of Antisemitism, including its 11 contemporary examples, which was endorsed in an executive proclamation by then-Governor Michael Parson in 2023. It was approved last month by a 109-21 margin in the Missouri House of Representatives.

The bill mandates the integration of the definition into student, faculty, and employee codes of conduct, and facilitates stricter enforcement of Title VI of the U.S. Civil Rights Act by directing the Missouri State Board of Education and the Coordinating Board for Higher Education to each designate a Title VI coordinator to monitor, report, and investigate antisemitic discrimination in public K-12 and post-secondary schools.

HB 2061 now returns to the House of Representatives for a final vote on Thursday before going to Governor Mike Kehoe for signature.

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The full details and text of HB 2061 are available HERE.

Testifying at a Senate General Laws Committee hearing at the State Capitol in Jefferson City in March, Combat Antisemitism Movement (CAM) Director of State Engagement David Soffer said, “This bill is timely and critical, as it will help prevent further antisemitic incidents in Missouri’s K-20 public schools. Passing HB 2061 will send a powerful message that Missouri is taking proactive steps to protect its Jewish community.”

“Missouri will also demonstrate to the rest of the nation its commitment to combating hatred in all its forms and to ensuring the safety and dignity of all students, faculty, and staff,” Soffer added.

Supporters of HB 2061, including Missouri State Representative George Hruza (center) and CAM Director of State Engagement David Soffer (third from right), stand for a photo at the State Capitol, in Jefferson City, Missouri, March 4, 2026.

A total of 38 U.S. states have adopted or endorsed the IHRA antisemitism definition, according to a database compiled by the Antisemitism Research Center (ARC) by CAM, with 17 codifying it into state law.

The definition was previously endorsed in Missouri in an executive proclamation by then-Governor Michael Parson in 2023.

Over the past year, CAM has prioritized educating state legislators across the U.S. on antisemitism-related issues and potential policy remedies.

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In this time, CAM has tracked legislative initiatives put forth in Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, and seven of these states — Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Nevada, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Wisconsin — have seen new laws enacted since April 2025.

In June 2025, lawmakers and executive officials from 17 states convened in Kansas City, Missouri, for the first-ever CAM-hosted State Leadership Summit on Antisemitism.





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Missouri advocates push for red flag laws

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Missouri advocates push for red flag laws


JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (KFVS) – Gun deaths in Missouri increased by 8% in the past 10 years, according to the CDC.

Gun safety advocates gathered at the state capitol asking lawmakers for red flag laws that would put a notice on someone’s background check if they have a violent history, such as domestic abuse or self-harm attempts, to prevent them from buying or owning guns.

Leslie Washington with Moms Demand Action shared her story of surviving a violent relationship, hoping to sway lawmakers.

“I’m the one who’s gonna share my story and be the voice for the voiceless for those that are afraid to talk,” Washington said.

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The only gun bills moving forward in the state capitol would do the opposite. Republican Senator Brad Hudson’s bill would prevent cities and counties from putting red flag laws in place.

“What I want to do is I want to make sure that we’re not in a situation in Missouri where political subdivisions can enact gun control that is stricter than what Missouri law allows,” said Hudson.

Hudson said the state needs to protect Missourians’ Second Amendment rights.

Hudson’s bill and a similar one in the Missouri House are both making progress. Both have been received well by committee but not debated on the floor.

Missouri has the third highest rate of people who experience domestic violence, according to CDC data. The chances of being killed by a partner are five times higher if they own a gun. Every year, an average of 37 women are shot and killed by their partner.

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“Gun violence and domestic violence are very inextricably related,” Washington said.

Washington wants Missouri to implement red flag laws that would prevent people with a history of domestic violence from buying or owning guns.

“I have to push forward and I have to continue to do the work because I’ve had family members that I’ve lost to gun violence,” Washington said. “And if you’re in that seat, Senate; House; whatever, you need to do what is right and to vote no on these bad gun bills,” Washington said.

With just over a month until the end of this year’s legislative session, lawmakers are running short on time to get bills to the governor.

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