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‘Birds Are My Eyesight’

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‘Birds Are My Eyesight’

On an average morning, Susan Glass can sit on the patio at her condominium complex in Saratoga, Calif., and identify as many as 15 different bird species by ear: a stellar’s jay, an acorn woodpecker, an oak titmouse.

For her, birding is more than a hobby. “Birds are my eyesight,” said Ms. Glass, a poet and a professor of English at West Valley Community College who has been blind since birth. “When I check into a hotel in Pittsburgh, I might remember the rock dove and the house finch in the parking lot, rather than the architecture.”

When the audio is played, captions appear that read “Drink your tea! Drink your tea! Drink your tea!”

Mnemonics are used by many birders to help identify bird calls. Some are more clear than others. The eastern towhee sounds like it’s saying “Drink yer teeeeea!” Audio via Michael Hurben

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Ms. Glass, 67, was a child when she first noticed the birds twittering outside her family’s home on the Lake Erie coast of Michigan. “My mother told me they were a swallow called the purple martin,” she said. “I was paying attention to where they were flying, and I could actually start to hear the dimensions of our little cabin, the screen porch, the front yard.”

She has mapped her surroundings by bird song ever since.

Birding got a significant boost with the pandemic: With so many people doing less, they tuned in to the sounds of nature more; and with lockdowns came a reduction in noise pollution, which made the bird calls all the more pronounced.

Sarah Courchesne, a Massachusetts Audubon program ornithologist in Newburyport, attributes the increased interest in birding partly to the fact that it’s a way for people of all abilities to tap into nature — whether by eye, by ear or both.

As the birding community grows larger and more diverse, Ms. Courchesne said, birding clubs and conservation organizations are thinking more about accessibility, and this is changing the way they talk about birding and think about it.

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For one thing, the terminology is evolving. According to Freya McGregor, a 35-year-old birder and occupational therapist specializing in blindness and low vision, the term “birder” was once reserved for those who were more serious than the hobbyist “bird watcher.” But increasingly, “birder” is becoming a catchall, thanks to a growing awareness that some hobbyists identify birds not by watching, but exclusively by listening.

Susan Glass, a poet and professor who has been blind since birth, has been mapping her surroundings by birdsong since childhood.

Jim Wilson/The New York Times

She sometimes uses a Braille Sense computer – or her phone – to record audio from birding trips.

Jim Wilson/The New York Times

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Spaces are evolving too. Nature trails from Cape Cod to the Colombian Andes are being reimagined, with features like wheelchair-accessible terrain and guardrails to guide guests with low vision. The Audubon Society in Massachusetts recently introduced a series of All Person’s Trails, which are designed for accessibility.

Public programming is also expanding. Birding organizations across the country are introducing a new kind of bird “walk” — one called a “big sit,” where you just stay put. These stationary birding events, popularized by the New Haven Birding Club in the early 1990s, is a type of competitive event, sometimes hosted as a fund-raiser, in which teams of birders stay within their own 17-foot-diameter circles for a 24-hour period and identify as many birds as possible.

When the audio is played, captions appear that read “Cheer up, cheerily! Cheer up, cheerily”

Early ornithologists attempted to describe the rhythmic phrases of the American robin’s cheerful song with words like “Cheer up, cheerily.” Audio via Jerry Berrier

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In May, Ms. Courchesne hosted a big sit alongside Jerry Berrier, a blind birder, on an All Person’s Trail near Ipswich, Mass. Mr. Berrier, who lives in Malden, Mass., said he wanted his event to be less competitive and more meditative than a traditional bird sit.

While some studies have shown that simply hearing bird song may alleviate anxiety and boost feelings of well-being, Mr. Berrier, 70, said the benefits go beyond that for him. “Birding gives me a connection with a world I can’t see,” he said, including when the world outside is waking up in the morning and winding down at dusk.

Jerry Berrier often goes into his backyard in Malden, Mass., with his parabolic microphone to listen to birds.

Kayana Szymczak for The New York Times

A microphone is situated underneath a bush outside of Mr. Berrier’s home.

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Kayana Szymczak for The New York Times

He doesn’t even need to step outside to listen. Mr. Berrier’s home is surrounded by an audio mixer and sound recording equipment — parabolic microphones and devices he has custom-made — piping in bird sounds from the outdoors in real time, and recording bird song in quieter environments.

At the Ipswich bird sit, Mr. Berrier pointed people to the resonant song of an ovenbird; the buzzy trills of various warblers and the flutelike notes of a Baltimore oriole, which sometimes sounds like it’s saying: “Here; here; come right here, dear.”

When teaching newcomers how to distinguish birds by ear, Mr. Berrier often shares mnemonics. For the eastern towhee, he said, listen for a bird that tweets: “Drink yer teeeeea.” The American robin sounds like it’s singing, “Cheer up, cheerily.” The Northern cardinal might be saying, ‘Watch here, watch here.’” American goldfinches call “potato chip” in flight, while olive-sided flycatchers chirp, “Quick! Three beers!”

When the audio is played, captions appear that read “Here! Come right here! Here! Come right here, dear. Come right here!”

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One of the mnemonic phrases that Mr. Berrier and other birders use to identify the the Baltimore oriole is “Here; here; come right here, dear.” Audio via Jerry Berrier

Mr. Berrier has been birding since the 1970s, when he was in college at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. There, a professor gave him a special assignment to replace the dissection-based portion of his biology course.

“He ended up giving me probably one of the greatest gifts that’s ever been given to me by recommending that I listen to his record albums from Cornell University that had bird sounds on them,” Mr. Berrier said. “He said, ‘I want you to listen to these during the semester, and at the end, your lab portion of the grade is going to be based on a walk in the woods with me, and I will ask you to identify some of the sounds you hear.’”

At first, Mr. Berrier found it daunting to distinguish bird species in the wild just by their sounds. “I just thought, ‘Man, these birds all sound the same,’” he said. “But by the end of the semester, I was hooked, and I’ve been doing it ever since.”

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During these early outings, Mr. Berrier identified cardinals, with their laserlike trills; robins with their cheery twittering; and red-winged blackbirds, whose call he still thinks of as “a harbinger of spring.”

When the audio is played, captions appear that read “Watch here! Watch here! Cheer, watch here! Cheer! Pretty, pretty, pretty, pretty.”

To some, the Northern cardinal sounds like it’s saying “pretty, pretty, pretty.” Audubon Vermont compares its call to a Star Wars light saber. Audio via Jerry Berrier

‘A Bird Heard’

For birders looking to build out their “life list” of every bird they’ve ever spotted, knowing these calls can be indispensable: The American Birding Association’s rules for identifying a bird species make no qualitative distinction between “a bird heard” and “a bird seen.”

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Trevor Attenberg, a scientist and writer who is blind and lives in Portland, Ore., pointed out there are plenty of birds you have far less chance of seeing than hearing. “Something like 60 to 70 percent of the birds that you will encounter, you will only be able to encounter by ear,” Mr. Attenberg said.

“I’m always listening to what kind of birds I can hear in any given environment, whenever I step outside, and it tells me so much,” he said. “It tells me about the weather, and the seasons. It tells me about this specific landscape that I’m in. Even when I’m in urban environments, it can tell me about the quality of habitat.”

When the audio is played, captions appear that read “whip-poor-will whip-poor-will”

The Mexican whip-poor-will, which can be found in the southwestern U.S., has a call that sounds like its name. Audio via Michael Hurben

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Learning the percentage of birds that one might only ever have a chance to identify by ear gave Mr. Attenberg, 40, more confidence. “It’s indicating to me — as the blind birder, uncertain as to my place in science — that I actually can compete with other ornithologists that can spot birds through binoculars and so forth, which I can’t really do,” he said. “Learning that, in fact, such a large share of possible bird detections are only going to come through the ear, tells me that, well, there is room for blind people — and people that just enjoy using their ears for listening or collecting information — to learn about birds in this way.”

But the notion of “a bird heard” is becoming increasingly imperiled as noise pollution brings about fundamental changes in the way nature sounds. Ornithologists have reported birds changing the tenor of their calls as they strain to be audible over the din of human-made noise — whether it’s crypto mining or just the everyday sounds of leaf blowers or car traffic.

When the audio is played, captions appear that repeat “Who cooks for you, who cooks for you?”

The barred owl seems to be asking, “Who cooks for you?” Audio via Michael Hurben

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Ms. Glass, the poet in California, said she has noticed that, over time, there are fewer bird sounds altogether. “There is no longer, in my part of the world, what you would call a dawn chorus — an overwhelming bird chorus that drowns out everything else,” she said. Bird song ebbs and flows with the seasons, peaking during migrations. But studies indicate that as bird populations decline, bird song is declining, too.

Jerry Berrier often stands on his deck with his shotgun mic near sunset, and records bird sounds, which he later edits.

Kayana Szymczak for The New York Times

5,400 Birds

Michael Hurben, 56, is on a mission to document what he can, while he can. Because of a degenerative retina disease, his field of view has narrowed over time, from 180 degrees to, he estimates, less than one-tenth of that.

So Mr. Hurben, a retired engineer who lives in Bloomington, Minn., has doubled down on his love of birding, and is well on his way to identifying 5,400 different birds — a little more than half of all bird species in the world. “I just want to be able to say that I’ve identified the majority,” he said.

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He and his wife, Claire Strohmeyer, who is also 56 and a clinical researcher, have visited dozens of international destinations to check rare species off the list. But a narrow scope makes searching for a bird in a tree, or spotting it through binoculars, especially challenging.

This makes his ability to identify birds by ear indispensable. He has brushed up on his skills online, but also by birding with other birders by ear, including Mr. Berrier, who joined Mr. Hurben on a birding trip to Cape May, N.J., last year.

Mr. Hurben finds it increasingly difficult to hear certain bird song, like the very high-pitched calls of the colorful cedar waxwing.

“Before we go on a trip, I will try to really study the calls ahead of time,” he said. While some calls do require a mnemonic to remember, others are very distinctive.

When the audio is played, no mnemonic captions appear

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The screaming piha has a call so unique it’s a go-to for sound designers when making films set in jungles, said Michael Hurben, a birder. He recorded this sound clip on a birding trip to Brazil. Audio via Michael Hurben

He cited for example, the screaming piha, a plain-looking gray bird he and his wife trekked into the Amazon to identify. Its unique call is a go-to for sound designers when making films set in jungles, he said. (Listen for it in Werner Herzog’s 1972 film, “Aguirre, Wrath of God.”) Likewise, another South American bird, the sharpbill, has a call that sounds “like a falling bomb,” Mr. Hurben said. “I hear that song once, and I’ll never forget it the rest of my life.”

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These Rooms Give Young Indian Lovers Rare Privacy. Cue the Complaints.

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These Rooms Give Young Indian Lovers Rare Privacy. Cue the Complaints.

Privacy can be hard to come by in India. Life is a communal swirl of relatives, neighbors and friends. Cities are crowded, and prying eyes are everywhere.

Enter Oyo, a popular hotel-booking platform. The company, backed by big names in venture capital, built a hip reputation as a gateway to “love hotels” for unmarried couples. Inside its budget rooms, young lovers who might otherwise be left to steal furtive kisses in the nooks and crannies of public parks or shopping malls could exert their passions behind closed doors.

Now, Oyo is stepping back from its image as a refuge for hookups. This month, it revised its policy guidelines to give some partner hotels the discretion to deny rooms to young couples unless they provide proof of marriage.

So far, the change applies only to Meerut, a midsize city northeast of New Delhi. The company said the new policy was a response to complaints by civil society groups and was formulated “in line with local social sensibilities.”

Oyo’s move spurred memes and a backlash on social media, especially among 20-somethings. To many, it drove home the tension between traditional values and modern ideals that defines life for millions of young Indians.

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Premarital sex is still largely taboo in this deeply conservative country, where marriages are traditionally arranged by families. It is widely viewed as a malign import from the less-inhibited West, and as an affront to Indian culture that is either to be policed or left unacknowledged.

The stigma around sex before marriage is about “family honor,” said Chirodip Majumdar, an associate professor at Rabindra Mahavidyalaya, a college in the eastern state of West Bengal. Nonetheless, more young people are doing it anyway, studies show.

Attitudes about premarital sex vary along class lines, Mr. Majumdar said, with higher-income people viewing it more favorably. “They have more scope of social interactions, more knowledge about birth control mechanisms, more exposure to Western culture,” he said.

Many young Indians, too, have embraced liberal attitudes toward dating and sex that transcend caste, class and religion, which still often dictate arranged marriages.

Dating apps like Tinder are popular, as are hookups. A 2022 study published in the journal Sexuality & Culture found that 55 percent of young adults in four cities in India “engaged in hooking up, indicating that the norm regarding sexual behavior might be shifting.”

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Neha, a 34-year-old counselor based in Bengaluru, said she and her husband rented Oyo rooms twice a week when they were dating. Neha, who asked that her last name not be used, recalled the judgmental glances that hotel owners, including those that did not use the Oyo platform, often directed her way.

At some hotels, the proprietors questioned their marital status before turning them away.

But Oyo became such a core part of their romance that when the couple got married in 2017, their animated video wedding invitation contained a reference to the hotel platform.

“Everyone knew we were using Oyo,” Neha said, adding, “So we put that in our wedding invite.”

The lack of private spaces in India to engage in intimacy created a market for companies like Oyo.

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It is not uncommon to see young lovers exchange stealthy kisses in nearly empty movie theaters or under the archways of abandoned monuments in the blazing heat of a Delhi summer. Bathroom stalls and fitting rooms are all fair game. Cybercafes can be a make-out zone.

In the acclaimed 2024 movie “All We Imagine as Light,” which explores the intersecting lives of three women in Mumbai, one of the characters finds a deserted patch of forest to have sex with her boyfriend.

Manforce, which bills itself as India’s best-selling condom brand, last year featured a series of humorous ads with couples getting it on in private corners of public spaces — a car, a park, a cinema.

Oyo was founded in 2013 and is backed by investment firms, including SoftBank. It expanded to the United States in 2019, and last year it bought the Motel 6 chain.

In India, it offers rooms for as little as 500 rupees, or less than $6, a night, no questions asked. The platform became popular with small-hotel owners, who by signing up with Oyo are required to abide by its standards and use its branding.

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On Google, one of the first search questions for Oyo is “Can I stay in Oyo with my girlfriend?” Although Oyo also serves solo business travelers and other customers, the company leaned into its image, offering room searches under filters like “relationship mode.”

Now, however, it is pursuing more families.

In an ad released last year, a young couple sits at the dinner table with the woman’s family. Their marital status is unclear. After she tells her father that they have booked a weekend trip with Oyo, he looks at them, horrified.

When the couple says it is more fun with family, the father expresses confusion: “What are you talking about?” The next frame shows the entire family checking into a sparkling Oyo hotel. The father then says, “This is what you’re talking about!”

Pragati K.B. contributed reporting.

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Guess Who This Lil' Beach Boy Turned Into!

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A Look at Trump’s Inauguration Weekend Parties: Guests, Donors and Details

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A Look at Trump’s Inauguration Weekend Parties: Guests, Donors and Details

Late Sunday night, just hours before Donald J. Trump would be sworn in as America’s 47th president, his fans showed up ready to party in the president-elect’s honor.

Many arrived after 10 p.m. in black cars and vans that drove through the roads around the White House, which are otherwise closed to vehicle traffic ahead of the inauguration.

An earlier snowstorm had passed, but the temperatures remained frigid, with black ice covering the ground. The weather had already dashed the dreams of too many donors, who spent the weekend bothering Trump officials with the hopes of seeing the inauguration up-close at the Capitol Rotunda rather than being relegated to the suites of the Capital One Arena, no matter how much booze or food would be there.

Since Mr. Trump’s win in November, his supporters from Silicon Valley and beyond have opened their bank accounts to him. Inauguration weekend was no different, with donors spending millions for the opportunity to jump from ballrooms to yachts to rooftops with views of the White House for lavish events.

Billionaires seen around Washington over the weekend included Miriam Adelson, the casino magnate and widow of Sheldon Adelson; Paul Singer, the hedge fund titan who is among the most influential Republican donors in the country; Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Meta, who spent days party-hopping as part of his attempt to win a place in Mr. Trump’s orbit; and Sergey Brin, the co-founder of Google who eight years ago around this time was unexpectedly showing up at protests against Mr. Trump’s travel ban on some Muslim countries.

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This year? He was unexpectedly showing up at Trump inauguration parties.

Inaugural weekends, after all, are a time-honored tradition for major donors who come to pay respects and make amends, with packages for a suite of events going for about $1 million. This year, the mood felt jubilant, with little of the unease of the last time Mr. Trump came to Washington when major corporations seemed nervous about the impacts of his administration.

The entire weekend had this Silicon Valley inflection, based on interviews and attendance at a half-dozen events. Tech companies hosted many of the biggest parties and drew assorted technorati.

At the Crypto Ball — a pro-Trump event hosted by the cryptocurrency industry, held Friday evening — Snoop Dogg performed Bob Marley’s hit “Everything’s Gonna Be All Right” for incoming administration officials from Silicon Valley and top cryptocurrency investors, some of whom, despite their wealth, waited in long lines in the cold to get inside the auditorium.

The same night, a block away, the town’s power players took center stage at a steakhouse in downtown Washington. Brian Ballard — one of the top lobbyists likely to cash in on the return to power — reveled in the adulation, fielding introductions to future clients.

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The next night, Peter Thiel, once a close supporter of Mr. Trump’s, opened his mansion to figures including Mr. Zuckerberg, JD Vance, and Donald Trump Jr.

On Sunday afternoon, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. braved an afternoon sleet storm to trek to The Ned, a member’s club in downtown Washington, not yet open, for a private party thrown by the co-hosts of the podcast “All-In,” a popular conservative podcast that explores tech, politics, and economics hosted by venture capitalists.

Many in Silicon Valley decided to close out the weekend on Sunday at a party hosted by X, Uber, and the Free Press, the online media company founded by the former New York Times opinion writer Bari Weiss.

Held at the Riggs Hotel, it felt full of the heady energy of a rehearsal dinner. Many of Mr. Kennedy’s seven adult children took over a back room where servers passed them trays of wine and security kept them away from prying eyes.

“There are a lot of us,” said Kyra Kennedy, his youngest daughter, who is a model and fashion designer in Milan. “It’s tough to get us all together in the same room, so this is really special.”

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Meanwhile, Mr. Thiel, Mehmet Oz, the celebrity doctor picked by President-elect Trump to the be the administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Bret Baier, the Fox News anchor, roamed the main room flanked with marble columns and hanging chandeliers, finding friends in the crowds.

Other guests included Liz Truss, the former British prime minister; John Barrasso, the senator from Wyoming; Jacob Helberg, an incoming administration official; and Francis Suarez, the mayor of Miami.

There was a full bar in addition to a separate martini bar. Servers passed around snacks like shrimp rolls and tuna rice cakes prepared by the Michelin-starred chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten, who has a restaurant in the Trump Tower in Manhattan.

The country star Dierks Bentley performed for the crowd, standing on the bar for an enthusiastic rendition of John Denver’s “Take Me Home, Country Roads.”

“It was so good, so good,” said Conor McGregor, the U.F.C. boxer, who watched the performance. He was swarmed by fans all night, his popularity seemingly unscathed despite his being held liable for sexual assault in November and the fact that he is facing a new lawsuit.

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Some guests arrived in black-tie attire, having come from a candlelight dinner hosted by Mr. Trump at the nearby National Building Museum (tickets started at $250,000) or the Turning Point Inaugural Ball at the Salamander Hotel, where the Village People performed. Linda Yaccarino, the chief executive of X, was wearing a gown inspired by vintage Dior made by a close friend’s son.

Senator Ted Cruz of Texas arrived around 11:30 p.m., and Mr. Brin, the co-founder of Google, stopped by just after midnight.

Mr. Musk consumed much of the night’s attention with the constant speculation of whether he would show up at all at a party hosted by his own company. He did not, although several family members, including his mother, Maye, brother Kimbal, and his wealth manager, Jared Birchall, were in the crowd, as were several of his closest friends.

Joanna Coles, the chief content officer at the Daily Beast, said the weekend reminded her a little of a television show.

“All the characters left from the first season, and now we have a whole new plot of characters,” she said, adding: “And there are going to be plot twists.”

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